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Sense of coherence has significant implications for the mental health of left-behind children in rural China. This study was conducted to explore the impact of physical exercise and social support on sense of coherence in rural left-behind children. A survey was conducted among 964 rural left-behind children in Hunan Province of China aged 10–15 (Mage = 12.01 ± 1.97 years; 529 girls and 435 boys). AMOS 21.0 software was applied to build the model and perform cross-lagged analysis. Physical exercise and social support in left-behind children predict each other, and physical exercise can positively predict social support and sense of coherence in left-behind children two months later (P < 0.05); social support can significantly positively predict sense of coherence in left-behind children two months later (P < 0.05). Both physical exercise and social support have an impact on sense of coherence in left-behind children, and physical exercise can affect sense of coherence in left-behind children through the mediating effect of social support. • Physical exercise has a positive impact on sense of coherence of rural left-behind children. • Social support has a positive impact on sense of coherence of rural left-behind children. • Physical exercise has a positive impact on social support of rural left-behind children. • Social support plays a partial mediating role between physical exercise and sense of coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the situation of social anxiety among left-behind children in rural areas of Hunan Province, China, and to study the effect of social anxiety on loneliness. Methodology: A total of 797 left-behind children were selected from rural areas in Hunan Province, China. The basic information questionnaire for left-behind children, Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Perceived Social Support Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used for investigation. Results: (1) The social anxiety score of left-behind children in China is 6.84 ± 4.28, higher than non-left-behind children, and the score of boys is lower than that of girls, with no significant difference. The score of left-behind children in grade 5 is significantly lower than that of left-behind children in other grades. (2) The overall loneliness score is 16.30 ± 5.10, higher than non-left-behind children, and the score of boys is significantly higher than that of girls. (3) Social anxiety has a significant positive predictive effect on loneliness (P < 0.01). Regression analysis shows that social anxiety not only affects loneliness directly, but also affects loneliness indirectly through the mediating role of perceived social support. Conclusions: Social anxiety is a risk factor for loneliness of left-behind children in rural areas. In the influence of social anxiety on loneliness, social support plays a partial mediating role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to explore the influence of physical exercise on social anxiety of left-behind children in rural areas, and to verify the mediator and moderator role of perceived social support.Methods: 797 rural left-behind children were studied with physical exercise rating scale, social anxiety scale and perceived social support assessment scale. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between physical exercise and social anxiety, and regression and structural equation models were used to check whether perceived social support played a mediator and moderator role or not.Results: the effect of physical exercise on social anxiety of left-behind children in rural areas is significant (P < 0.01); exercise time, exercise intensity and exercise frequency have significant effects on social anxiety; perceived social support has significant effects on social anxiety (P < 0.01); family support, friend support and other support have significant negative effects on social anxiety. Regression analysis shows that the dimensions of perceived social support (family support, friend support and other support) have some mediator effects in explaining social anxiety in sports. Perceived social support plays a moderator role in the relationship between physical exercise and social anxiety.Conclusions: The results suggests the impact of perceived social support on left-behind children in rural areas. Specifically, perceived social support has a positive impact on the level of social anxiety and a positive impact on physical exercise. It is suggested that attention should be paid to social support of rural left-behind children in the process of mental health education and school physical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise dependence is a psychological problem that cannot be ignored and is positively related to anxiety and depression of college students. However, only a few effective intervention methods are available to deal with exercise dependence. This study aims to investigate the intervention effects of motivation interviewing Chinese modified on the mental health of college students with exercise dependence. Thirty college students with exercise dependence were selected from Hunan University of Science and Technology in Hunan province of China to participate in the experiment. The participants were divided equally into the intervention and control groups. A three-week motivation interviewing Chinese modified session was conducted in the intervention group, whereas no intervention was carried out in the control group. This strategy allowed for the vertical and the horizontal comparison of the intervention objects' situation before and after the experiment. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and other Scales were used to evaluate the effects of the intervention and explore the intervention effects of motivation interviewing Chinese modified on the mental health of college students with exercise dependence. After three weeks of motivation interviewing Chinese modified, differences in state anxiety, depression, self-satisfaction, negative emotion, energy, and positive emotion in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention appear to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Motivation interviewing Chinese modified can improve the mental health level of college students with exercise dependence. Hence, motivation interviewing Chinese modified is good for the treatment of addiction behaviors and provides a reliable intervention method for exercise dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SO 3 is a significant gaseous precursor of secondary particulate matter and is also a key for the overall improvement of ambient air quality. In this study, SO 3 emission characteristics for coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) from field experiments and existing studies are collected to study the SO 3 transformation and removal characteristics and to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of SO 3 emissions from CFPPs. The formation ratio of SO 3 in boilers and selective catalyst reduction system is 0.9 ± 0.5% and 40.52 ± 19.23%, respectively. The formed SO 3 is then removed by dust collectors and desulfurization systems in sequence, approximately 26.52–82.96% and 56.48–96.32%, respectively. Due to the development of air pollution control devices, SO 3 emission in 2015 (71.0 kt) is almost equal to the emission in 2000 (70.9 kt) although coal consumption kept increasing. Some areas of the North China Plain have the highest distribution density of CFPPs, which implies more stringent SO 3 emission limit may need to be considered in these regions for future control. Also, the monitoring method and control technologies should be developed simultaneously for better application of the emission limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: As a frequently consumed beverage worldwide, tea is rich in naturally important bioactive metabolites. Combining genetic, metabolomic and biochemical methodologies, here, we present a comprehensive study to dissect the chemical diversity in tea plant. A total of 2837 metabolites were identified at high‐resolution with 1098 of them being structurally annotated and 63 of them were structurally identified. Metabolite‐based genome‐wide association mapping identified 6199 and 7823 metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTL) for 971 and 1254 compounds in young leaves (YL) and the third leaves (TL), respectively. The major mQTL (i.e., P < 1.05 × 10−5, and phenotypic variation explained (PVE) > 25%) were further interrogated. Through extensive annotation of the tea metabolome as well as network‐based analysis, this study broadens the understanding of tea metabolism and lays a solid foundation for revealing the natural variations in the chemical composition of the tea plant. Interestingly, we found that galloylations, rather than hydroxylations or glycosylations, were the largest class of conversions within the tea metabolome. The prevalence of galloylations in tea is unusual, as hydroxylations and glycosylations are typically the most prominent conversions of plant specialized metabolism. The biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids, which are one of the most featured metabolites in tea plant, was further refined with the identified metabolites. And we demonstrated the further mining and interpretation of our GWAS results by verifying two identified mQTL (including functional candidate genes CsUGTa, CsUGTb, and CsCCoAOMT) and completing the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of the tea plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risks in chemical plants can generally be divided into Black Swan incidents and Gray Rhino incidents. Black Swan events are unexpected and have a significant impact. Frequently, a large number of Black Swan events cause a huge grey rhinoceros event such as composition-related variables, which becomes a challenge for root cause diagnosis. To alleviate this problem, a strong relevant mechanism Bayesian network (SRMBN) combining mechanism correlation analysis and process state transition is proposed for fault detection and diagnosis. First, a strong relevant mechanism structure of SRMBN is constructed by combining process mechanism analysis with historical data mining for structure learning. Then SRMBN is built after conducting variable state transition and maximum likelihood estimation for parameter learning. For fault detection, a process state based Bayesian interval estimated index is developed by state transformation. Finally, Bayesian contribution index is defined to measure the contribution of each variable to the process state deviation for fault diagnosis. The variables with large index values are added as deterministic evidence to the SRMBN to update the posterior probabilities of nodes for fault propagation inference. The proposed method is applied to faults 2 and 8 (unmonitored type faults) of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process in comparison with some other published methods. The results show its practicability and satisfactory performance in recognizing the fault propagation pathways and the root causes of faults. Meanwhile, it can provide reliability analysis for process safety and risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Vegetation change dominated by inter-annual variation and long-term trend. • Variation increases with increasing relief, decreases with increasing timescale. • Vegetation change is positive for maximum, negative for minimum temperature. • Maximum temperature mainly controls inter-annual vegetation variation. Despite numerous studies on the response of vegetation change to climate variation, they have mainly been based on annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation, and have failed to reveal the impact of climate on the inter-annual variation of vegetation in different geomorphic zones based on non-linear methods and considering daily low and high temperature. In this study, the effect of climate variation on the inter-annual variation of vegetation in different geomorphic zones along the area of t the Yangtze River Basin, China from 1982 to 2015 is revealed using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method. The results show that the inter-annual variation of vegetation is frequently fluctuating, mainly on a short time scale (3-year time scale), and its contribution gradually increases from 62.35% to 73.57% with increasing relief (from plain to high undulating mountain). The vegetation change of more than 75% of the areas is dominated by inter-annual variations, moreover, the vegetation change of the low relief areas is dominated by the 3-year timescale along with the long-term trend, while that of the other geomorphic zones is dominated by the 3-year timescale only. Inter-annual vegetation variation is positively related to precipitation and maximum temperature, but negatively related to mean temperature and minimum temperature in most areas, with area percentages of 67.20%, 86.55%, 65.38% and 75.02%. Inter-annual variation is mainly controlled by maximum temperature in most areas (54.77%). These results will deepen our understanding of the vegetation-climate relationship, suggesting that the responses of inter-annual variation in vegetation to climate vary not only on different time scales, but also in indifferent geomorphic zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]