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Family-centered substance use treatment (FCSUT) approaches for pregnant and postpartum people have the potential to prevent intergenerational transmission of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Guided by two theoretical frameworks drawn from implementation science (the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research [CFIR] and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance [RE-AIM] framework), this study used a mixed methods approach to answer: (1) What is the extent to which FCSUT approaches are offered for pregnant and postpartum people seeking substance use disorder (SUD) treatment? and (2) How are FCSUT approaches for pregnant and postpartum people implemented? This study utilized a sequential mixed methods design that began with quantitative data collection followed by qualitative data collection. The quantitative component consisted of service provision surveys of facilities that provided FCSUT to pregnant and postpartum people (n = 118). The qualitative component consisted of semi-structured in-depth interviews with administrators and providers working at FCSUT facilities (n = 26) and pregnant and postpartum people who were currently receiving or had previously received services in the last two years from FCSUT facilities (n = 27). The qualitative findings were used to deepen understanding of the quantitative findings. Findings from the quantitative survey of treatment facilities' FCSUT provision revealed that while most facilities offered services related to substance use treatment, behavioral health, and parenting skills development or parent training, a smaller proportion offered services related to prenatal and postpartum health, sexual and reproductive health, and family-related services. Qualitative in-depth interviews with program administrators and providers and pregnant and postpartum people who had participated in FCSUT programs revealed major themes around expanding reach of facilities by maintaining participants' familial connections, resources for implementation and maintenance of FCSUT, the importance of program adaptation, and gaps in service delivery. Results indicated there is a wide range of FCSUT services offered at treatment facilities across the United States. Furthermore, while many pregnant and postpartum people expressed positive experiences with FCSUT, there are some areas that should be considered for future progress to be made. • Most facilities offered services related to SUD, behavioral health, and parenting. • Qualitative interviews identified key themes around FCSUT implementation. • Results suggest key recommendations for expanding and improving FCSUT approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience fertility and childrearing challenges in adulthood, but there is limited evidence on awareness, beliefs, and concerns about oncofertility in this population, needs for supportive resources, and associations with quality of life (QoL). Methods: Participants were 69 AYAs aged 12–25 who were diagnosed with cancer at age 18 years or younger and ≥1 year cancer free, recruited from childhood cancer clinical records and support organizations. Participants completed self-report assessment of oncofertility knowledge and beliefs, information needs, and measures of QoL. Analyses examined associations between oncofertility-related variables and QoL. Results: Knowledge and beliefs about oncofertility options were considerably low in the sample, and participants reported unmet oncofertility resource needs. In multivariable analyses, QoL was associated with beliefs valuing the importance of fertility in childhood cancer (β = 0.87, p = 0.01) and lower information needs (β = −1.19, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Infertility is a well-documented effect of childhood cancer treatment. Our findings indicate that clinical providers are a preferred source of information for AYA patients, and there is a need to address oncofertility concerns and challenges in this group. Research is needed to examine barriers to addressing fertility issues in childhood cancer treatment and ways to promote dialogue between providers and patients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Philip Morris International's heated tobacco product, Marlboro IQOS, is available internationally and soon will be marketed in the United States (US). We examined correlates of curiosity, interest, and likelihood to use IQOS among US young adults. Methods: Young adults ages 18-30 years (N = 346) were recruited online, viewed a description of IQOS, and completed measures of socio-demographic characteristics, perceived risks, curiosity, interest, and likelihood to use IQOS. Results: Males had greater curiosity, interest, and likelihood to use IQOS than females. Individuals with household income of $50,000-$75,000 were more curious than those with household income of greater than $75,000. Cigarette smokers, e-cigarette and dual users had greater curiosity, interest, and likelihood of use than non-tobacco users. Non-white individuals and older young adults had greater likelihood of use. Greater perceived risks of IQOS were negatively associated with curiosity, interest, and likelihood of use. Conclusions: Among young adults, IQOS has greater appeal among males, non-whites, those who are older, those with household income of $50,000-$75,000, cigarette smokers, e-cigarette and dual users, and those with fewer perceived risks of IQOS. Research on public education communicating the potential risks of IQOS to vulnerable young adults is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Food and Drug Administration announced intent to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes. There is limited evidence on how reduced nicotine content cigarette (RNC) marketing affects product beliefs and use, and research on this is needed to inform regulations.Methods: In an online experiment, 426 young adult cigarette smokers (aged 18-30 years) were randomized in a 2 (implicit: red package vs. blue package) × 2 (explicit: corrective message vs. no corrective message) design to view an advertisement for previously commercially available RNCs. Outcomes were advertisement content recall, product beliefs, and use intentions. Participants' responses to open-ended assessment of their beliefs about the stimuli were coded to identify prevailing themes.Results: Red packaging and corrective messaging were independently associated with greater advertisement content recall (p = .01 and p = .04, respectively). There were no significant main or interaction effects on product beliefs or use intentions. Controlling for condition, advertisement content recall was significantly associated with less favorable product beliefs (p < .001) and favorable product beliefs were associated with intent to use the product (p < .001). Open-ended responses converged on the finding that respondents were interested in RNCs, but expressed skepticism about effectiveness and value.Conclusions: Brief exposure to an RNC advertisement with red packaging and corrective messaging were each independently associated with greater advertisement content recall. The results indicate: (1) interest and confusion among young adult smokers regarding RNCs, (2) beliefs about RNCs are influenced by marketing, and (3) beliefs are associated with intention to use RNCs.Implications: Findings from this study demonstrate the importance of advertising effects on beliefs about RNC products and support the need to regulate advertising and labeling alongside product regulation. More detailed study of advertisement features that affect consumers' beliefs about RNCs and how they impact their processing of explicit messaging about product risks will be important to guide regulatory decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among US adolescents is increasing. However, there is limited research on the prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette use among adolescents in low income and under resourced communities. We report on their e-cigarette susceptibility and use behaviors, and perceived risks of harm and addiction.Methods: Students in grades 7, 9, and 11 from a Title I school district in the northeastern US completed an online survey during a class period. Lifetime e-cigarette use and its correlates were tested in bivariate and logistic regression models.Results: Most students were of Latino ethnicity (66%), and 36% identified as Black/African American. Overall, 55% of the full sample were considered 'susceptible' to e-cigarette use: 19% were lifetime e-cigarette users while 6% were lifetime smokers. Students in 11th grade were more likely (OR = 2.5) to have ever used e-cigarettes compared to students in 7th grade. Those that were more curious (OR = 11.8), intended to use e-cigarettes in the next 12 months (OR = 2.8), and would use the product if it was offered by a friend (OR = 2.4) had greater odds of lifetime e-cigarette use. By contrast, students who perceived at least moderate risks of health harm (OR = 0.44) were less likely to have used e-cigarettes.Conclusions: Adolescents from marginalized communities are susceptible to and are using e-cigarettes. Prevention efforts targeting underserved areas may benefit from e-cigarette health education messages that reduce curiosity, interrupt social aspects of initiation, and emphasize health harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]