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Background: Refractive errors are the most frequent form of impaired vision and the second most manageable cause of blindness in the world. Surprisingly, uncorrected refractive errors are accounting for 20% of blindness cases as well as 50% of vision loss cases worldwide. During the year 2000, the international prevalence of myopia and high myopia was calculated to be 22.9 percent and 2.7 percent, correspondingly. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different patterns of refractive error among near workers. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was done on 248 participants through a convenient sampling method from the private sector hospitals. Data was collected during 3-4 months from March 2022 to May 2022 by a modified adapted questionnaire to evaluate the pattern of refractive errors among near workers in Lahore. Results: All the participant's profession was associated with near work. 42.3.% of responders reported myopia,10.9% hyperopia, 14.9% simple myopic astigmatism, 2.4% simple hyperopic astigmatism,7.3% compound hyperopic astigmatism, and 5.6% with mixed astigmatism. Conclusion: Near work is strongly associated with the refractive errors most commonly myopia progression and aggravation but unfortunately, there is little research work done in Pakistan on the relationship between near work and refractive errors further studies needed to be done on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel control protocol design, via integral sliding mode control with parameter update laws, for synchronization and desynchronization of a chaotic nonlinear gyro with unknown parameters is the focus of this work. The error dynamics of the actual system are substructured into nominal and uncertain parts to employ adaptive integral sliding mode (AISM) control. The uncertain parameters are estimated via devised adaptive laws. Then the disagreement dynamics are guided to origin via AISM control. The stabilizing controller is also designed in terms of nominal control along with a compensating component. The control and the parameter update laws are constructed to ensure the strictly negative derivative of a Lyapunov function. Graphical results related to synchronization, desynchronization, and chaos suppression are displayed to demonstrate the potential of the proposed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the satisfaction level among eye patients visiting trust and private hospitals. Purpose: The fundamental purpose of the study was to assess the satisfaction level of patients who visited the trust eye setup and private eye setup. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. The place of study was the Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust Hospital and the University of Lahore teaching hospital. The sample size taken was 260 (130 in each group) with ages above 16 years. Both genders were included in the data collection. Data entry and analysis were done using computer software SPSS version 25. Results: Total number of 260 patients, 129 from trust and 131 from a private hospital. Male 103 (39.6%) and female 157 (60.4%) with a median age of 42 (17-82). By checking socioeconomic status, 4.6% were from the lower, 24.6% was from the lower middle, 63.1% were from the middle and 7.7% were from the upper class. By checking satisfaction level, 1.5% of people were least satisfied, 24.6% of patients were neutral and 73.8% of patients were highly satisfied. Conclusion: Thus, from the present study, it is concluded that there is no significant difference in the satisfaction level of patients between trust and private eye setups. The satisfaction level was seen highest in both setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical characterization of blends of butter oil and chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil was performed. Chia oil was added in butter oil at four different levels i.e. 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75% and 25% (T1, T2, T3 and T4), butter oil without any addition of chia oil served as control. Blends of butter oil and chia oil were packaged in tin containers, stored at ambient temperature (34±2°C) for 90-days. Iodine values of control, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 36.85, 45.63, 57.22, 67.45 and 76.37 (cg/g).Concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 4.17%, 7.39%, 12.55% and 16.74%. The extent of omega-6 fatty acids in T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 2.81%, 2.94%, 3.15% and 3.32%.Concentration of omega-3 and 6 fatty acids in butter oil can be increased by chia oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prunella vulgaris L.(PV) and Tussilago farfara (TF) are perennial herbs rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds with immense medicinal value. PV extract (PV-E) possesses potent antipyretic, anti-inflammtory, antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-cancer and immune stimulatory properties and have been traditionally known for the treatment of wounds, ulcers and sores. TF extract (TF-E) has been known for antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and wound healing effects. Additionally, TF-E infusions have been used for asthma, cough, and bronchopneumonia treatments. The therapeutic efficacy of transplanted human adipose stem cells (hASCs) is abrogated under the deteriorating effects of heat stress offered by burn wounds. Earlier researches has documented antioxidant priming as an effective strategy to enhance stem cell performance. As both PV-E and TF-E are known for their potent antioxidant effects. The present study aims to examine the cryoprotective effects of PV-E and TF-E priming on hASCs against in-vitro heat-induced thermal stress. Moreover, we determined the anti-inflammatory potential of both PV-E and TF-E on rabbits. Antioxidant capacity of both PV-E and TF-E is examined via DPPH assay and anti-inflammatory activity is assessed in rabbits using carrageen-induced paw edema model of inflammation. Next, we investigate the efficacy of different doses (1.25–100 μg/ml) of PV-E and TF-E on hASCs; MTT, LDH, calcein AM staining, and wound scratch assay were used to assess cell viability, cytotoxicity, proliferation ability and cell migration potential in the cells. Then, hASCs were pretreated for 24 h with optimum doses of PV-E and TF-E determined from MTT assay results and were subsequently exposed to in-vitro thermal injury (51 °C,10 min). The cytoprotective effects of both PV-E and TF-E priming under thermal stress were investigated via MTT, LDH, annexin-V staining and gene expression analysis. Both PV-E and TF-E extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant and effective anti-inflammatory activities, with a clear reduction in inflammation. Study on hASCs exhibited improved cell viabilities, enhanced cell proliferation and migration abilities of both extracts. While heat stress data revealed that PV-E (2.5 μg/ml) and TF-E (5 μg/ml) pretreatment significantly ameliorated effects of thermal-injuries in hASCs as depicted by significantly enhanced cell viabilities, low LDH release profile, and lower annexin-V expression and regulated gene expression of the pretreated cells. PV-E and TF-E priming effectively enabled hASCs to combat thermal injury by significantly promoting cell survival than untreated cells. Hence, these findings suggest that PV-E and TF-E priming could be used to attain improved cellular responses and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in burnt tissue. [Display omitted] • Methanolic extracts of Prunella vulgaris (PV-E) and Tussilago farfara (PV-E) possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. • PV-E and TF-E significantly enhanced proliferation and migration potential of hADSs. • HASCs primed with PV-E and TF-E effectively combat thermal injury as compared to untreated hASCs. • PV-E and TF-E can serve as a priming agent in stem cell therapies to improve their survival and regenerative capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to investigate the moderating role of GDP and information disclosure in the nexus between Risk Management and Financial Performance. This research used annual data for the period 2010 to 2015. The data was collected from 25 commercial banks listed on the Pakistan stock exchange through a random sampling method. The study results were analyzed through correlation and Hierarchical regression. The results showed that CAR and Z-score have a positive significant outcome on the financial performance of banks, whereas NPL and CRR were found negatively correlated with the financial performance of banks. The results also demonstrated that both GDP and information disclosure have a moderation role in the association between risk management and financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]