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The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of fatty acids (FA) especially conjugated linoleic and trans fatty acids in milk from Jersey cows fed green alfalfa (GA) or alfalfa hay (AH). Forty Jersey cows that had from two to five calvings, 60 to 90 lactation days and were not pregnant were used in a confined production system. In one treatment (GA n=20) cows were fed chopped fresh green alfalfa and commercial concentrate. In the other one (AH n=20), they were fed alfalfa hay and the same commercial concentrate. A milk sample (10 mL) was collected from each cow. Total lipids, methyl-esterified fatty acids (FA), and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) were determined by chromatography. The amount of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA were similar between treatments (P>0.05). The content of FA omega-3 and omega-6, as well as the proportion of omega-6:omega-3 were not affected by the type of forage (P>0.05). However, the concentrations of vaccenic acid-trans (P<0.01), rumenic acid (P<0.01), total FA trans (P<0.001), and total CLA (P<0.01) were higher in cows fed GA. We conclude that consumption of green chopped alfalfa in Jersey cows increased production of 18:1 n-7 trans-11 trans-vaccenic acid and CLA in milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Mexico, the first meniscus transplant was performed in 2002. The objective was to describe the clinical evolution of patients with pain associated with postmenisectomy syndrome, who underwent meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT), with bony blocks via arthroscopy, with follow-up to one year. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study with a one-year follow-up was conducted. We included patients with joint interlining pain secondary to partial or total menisectomy, between 15 and 55 years of age, of both sexes, who underwent MAT. The clinical evolution was evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS), SF-36 and Lysholm scale; the results are described in frequencies, percentages and p value was significant at < 0.05. Results: We included nine patients; eight men and one woman with an age of 31.3 years (16-52), the follow-up was 16.6 months (12-23). The preoperative VAS was 8.5 (6-10) and, at one year of follow-up, the average of this scale was 1.25 (0-5) (p < 0.001). In the follow-up one year after the MAT, the Lysholm scale was on average 91 (68-100) and the SF-36 was on average 79.17 (65-92.92); three patients returned to their sports practice prior to the injury. Conclusion: This is the first report in Mexico that describes the one year follow-up of the MAT; significant clinical improvement was demonstrated (p < 0.001) with remission of pain in the knee with previous menisectomy and in some cases the return to sports practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of microfracture therapy (MF) versus implantation of autologous chondrocytes (MACI) in the management of chondral lesions of the knee = 3 cm2 and follow up to 12 months post treatment. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017. Patients with one or more chondral lesions in knee = 3 cm2 were included to compare MF versus MACI therapy for the repair of chondral lesion. Clinical and functional evaluations were carried out prior to the surgical treatment and 12 months later, with measurement of the range of motion, EVA, Oxford scale and Lequesne index. Results: Twelve patients were included in MF and 12 patients in MACI. The most frequent lesion was located in the Patella in eight patients (67%). It showed an increase in the arcs of motion, as well as improvement in the comparison between baseline and follow-up at 12 months: in EVA, MF demonstrated 48.4% and MACI 57.5% (p = 0.05); Oxford scale: MF 32.65% and MACI 51.04% (p = 0.05); index of Lequesne: MF 40.12% and MACI 50%. Two cases of joint eff usion were presented in MACI, which were resolved with the realization of arthrotomies. Conclusion: In this study, significant improvement was demonstrated in MACI with pain relief, functionality, and range of motion compared to the treatment of MF in lesions = 3 cm2 of the articular cartilage of the knee after one year of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spikelet sterility is one of the most limiting factors of flooded rice productivity in Chile. The 2004/2005 growing season was particularly cold, causing large yield losses. The objectives of the present work were to analyse the causes of the spatial variability of spikelet sterility and evaluate the effect of some management practices on blanking. Meteorological data from the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 growing seasons were analysed together with crop information from selected fields and experiments. Results indicated that the high level of spikelet sterility observed during the 2004/2005 growing season was due to low temperatures occurring during pollen formation and/or flowering. The large spatial variability was explained by the date on which pollen formation and/or flowering occurred in each field. Water temperature also determined differences in spikelet sterility. Fertilization and particularly N effect on spikelet sterility depended on the temperature present during pollen formation. Blanking levels increased with plant height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to isolate and characterise the extracellular vesicles (EVs) to identify surrogate microRNAs as biomarkers from peripheral blood of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction. Intrauterine fetal growth disorders are defined by an estimated fetal weight (EFW) by ultrasound for a given gestational age < 3rd or < 10th percentile for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA), respectively. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Turf-Toe includes a wide variety of traumatic injuries of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the first toe (MTF1). It is a potentially severe injury and there is no consensus for surgical management. The objective of this case report was to describe a patient with traumatic Turf-Toe injury grade III with a sesamoid fracture treated surgically. Clinical case: 24-year-old male with motorcycle fall with hyperflexion of the MTF1 joint, presented pain, edema and functional limitation; the radiographs showed soft tissue edema, lateral displacement of lateral sesamoid with fracture. Traumatic Turf-Toe was established. The ultrasound of the MTF1 joint showed breakage of the plantar plate and collateral ligaments. Patient was surgically managed with sesamoid reduction and plantar plate repair; postoperative evolution was satisfactory. At 8 weeks the patient was assessed with the AOFAS forefoot scale, obtaining 82 points, SF-12 with 87% and VAS of two and returned to his daily activities. Conclusion: We describe a patient with traumatic Turf Toe grade III injury, not related to sports practice; first report in the literature of the use of ultrasound in the evaluation of patients with lesion of the metatarso-phalangic joint of the first toe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented about a case of a child who had been diagnosed with pseudomonilethrix type II, a rare dysplastic disorder of the hair shaft, published in the previous issue.

In this work, corrosion caused by different ionic liquids on Grade A - A285 carbon steel plates at room temperature (25°C) is studied. Ionic liquids were prepared via acid - base neutralization. The ionic liquid hydrophilic or hydrophobic character was determined by the wettability technique. Corrosion behavior for each system was analyzed by electrochemical measurements (open circuit potential monitoring and potentiodynamic polarization). Substrate morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy before and after the electrochemical measurements. The results obtained showed that Grade A - A285 carbon steel in contact with the ionic liquids presented low corrosion rates, being the highest one the corresponding for the 2- hydroxyethylamominum lactate system and the lowest corrosion rate for 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. In recent years donor criteria have changed to increase the percentage of expanded-criteria donors (ECDs). The aim of this study was to analyze transplants from ECDs obtained at our institution from. 2010 to 2012. We studied the comorbidity of ECD, preimplantation histologic study, renal function, and survival of transplanted grafts. Patients and Methods: Eighty ECDs (160 kidneys) were analyzed. Forty-nine grafts were not implanted owing to macroscopic lesions (37 kidneys) or histologic findings on preimplantation biopsy (12 kidneys). Finally, 60 grafts from ECDs were implanted in our center. We analyzed the characteristics of the grafts (kidney function, creatinine clearance) and compared the data with a control group of allografts from standard-criteria donors (n = 14). Results: The median age of the ECD group was 72 years (range 65–77). No differences were found in certain characteristics between the ECDs whose kidneys were or were not implanted (hypertension, diabetes, creatinine at the time of the donation or proteinuria). However, there were differences in donor age (75 vs 67; P = .043), increased preimplantation biopsy score (6.8 ± 1.3 vs 4.8 ± 1.1; P = .041), and a higher percentage of cardiovascular disease (62.5% vs 43%; P = .038). Comparison of ECD and non-ECD grafts showed a lower creatinine clearance at 1 year (50 ± 05 mL/min vs 69 ± 96 mL/min, respectively; P < .001) and 2 years (50 ± 07 mL/min vs 67 ± 74 mL/min; P < .001) after transplantation. There were no differences in delayed graft function or graft survival between the 2 groups at 2 years after transplantation (95% vs 100%; P = .38). Conclusions: We found no differences in graft survival from ECD compared with the control group of standard-criteria donors. The evaluation of grafts from ECD may be a strategy to increase the number of kidney transplants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VP37.14: Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia show increased serum levels of implantation and differentiation trophoblast factors Mean fluorescence for CXCL10 (p = 0.031), Galectin-1 (p = 0.05), IFN- (p = 0.025), IL-6 (p = 0.028) and PIGF (p = 0.013) were significantly higher in PE than no-PE patients. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial vascular disease characterised by newly onset hypertension with proteinuria during pregnancy. [Extracted from the article]

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are used in many biotechnological applications, such as the production of bacterial cellulose and important industrial chemicals like 2-keto- L-gluconic acid, vitamin C, L-sorbose or D-sorbitol. The performance of AAB to transform alcohol into acetic acid with high efficiency at low pH differentiates them from other microorganisms. Due to this characteristic, specialized strains are also involved in the food and beverages industry, such as chocolate, vinegar and kombucha. Several species of the genus Komagataeibacter, which are implicated in the industrial production of vinegar, resist acetic acid concentrations of up to 20%, while a concentration as low as 0.5% is bacteriostatic for most microorganisms. However, mechanisms that confer resistance or adaptation to acetic acid are still poorly understood, the loss of such resistance when the cells are grown in non-stringent conditions indicates that the molecular mechanisms involved are both inducible and transient. During evolution, the genome of these microorganisms has been subjected to mutations and rearrangements making them able to acquire their intrinsic resistance to these extreme environmental conditions: high acetic acid and alcohol concentrations and low pH. This intrinsic tolerance to these parameters is usually a result of the regulation of the outer membrane modification influencing phospholipids, fatty acid and polysaccharides composition. The acquired tolerance through metabolic adaptation must be the result of activation and deactivation of the expression of specific genes, and may involve gene transfer of mobile elements (plasmids/transposons). To investigate the genetic basis that confers resistance to acetic acid to AAB, we chose to compare the genome of a set of reference strains and bacterial isolates obtained in our laboratory. Using Illumina and Pacific Bioscience (Pac-Bio) sequencing technologies, the genomes of vinegar producers strains Komagataeibacter europaeus 5P3 (LMG 26311), Komagataeibacter oboediens 174Bp2 (LMG 26312) as well as the reference strain Komagataeibacter europaeus LMG 18494 and LMG 18890 were analyzed. In addition, draft genomes of the Acetobacter pasteurianus 3P3 (LMG 25310) and A. pasteurianus LMG 1262T were also obtained for comparative purposes. The Komagataeibacter genome carried around 900 additional genes as compared to that of the species A. pasteurianus. The Core genome of K. europaeus 5P3 contained 1751 genes, 355 of which were not present in A. pasteurianus, including several ABC transporters. Interestingly, Komagataeibacter lacked amino acid and O-antigen exporter systems that were found in A. pasteurianus. The DNA/RNA methylation analysis of K. europaeus 5P3 strains revealed several DNA specific methyltransferases with known and new target sequences. Together these results provide new insights into the molecular basis of AAB resistance to high concentrations of acetic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]