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Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the help of spatial calculation and numerical analysis, this paper reveals the spatial distribution of rehabilitation infrastructures and the accessibility difference in the city Xiamen. The calculation of Moran's I, Z value, and P value are, respectively, −0.229787, −0.122751, and 0.902304 for health facilities and −0.159235, 0.186166, and 0.852315 for fitness facilities. Such calculation results indicate an uneven pattern and varied accessibility numerical values. The reasons for this influence are diverse, but it is worth noting that the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) calculation shows that compared to fitness facilities, the standard deviation of accessibility numerical value of health facilities decreased significantly, which indicates that the accessibility of health service facilities is becoming better, while the change of accessibility of fitness facilities is not obvious. It is pointed out this is due to society's insufficient attention and education on daily health. For better rehabilitation under the pandemic, the importance of fitness facilities should be noticed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal degradation behaviors of commercial flame-retardant unsaturated polyester glass fiber-reinforced plastic (polyester GFRP) containing aluminum trihydrate (ATH) were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and a combination of TG-Fourier transform infrared-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-GC/MS). From the variation of derivative thermogravimetry curves, it is found that the degradation of polyester GFRP can be divided into two stages with the critical conversion rate of 0.35. Activation energies were calculated by Starink method, and then the kinetic triplet was further determined by Coats-Redfern method. The results show that the dehydration of ATH and breakage of ester linkages lead to the first major mass loss, and volatile products including H2O, dicyclopentadiene, benzaldehyde and dimethyl phthalate are generated. Consecutive reaction occurs in the second stage. The statistical rupture of polyester and polystyrene chains leads to the formation of toxic volatiles, especially styrene, α-methylstyrene, toluene, ethylbenzene, benzaldehyde, phenol and phthalic anhydride. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed in order to explain the observed results. The experimental results could give guidance to the fire safety design of high-speed train and provide basic data for numerical simulation of fire accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Mendelian randomization (MR) is a valuable tool to examine the causal relationships between health risk factors and outcomes from observational studies. Along with the proliferation of genome-wide association studies, a variety of two-sample MR methods for summary data have been developed to account for horizontal pleiotropy (HP), primarily based on the assumption that the effects of variants on exposure (⁠ γ ⁠) and HP (⁠ α ⁠) are independent. In practice, this assumption is too strict and can be easily violated because of the correlated HP. Results To account for this correlated HP, we propose a Bayesian approach, MR-Corr2, that uses the orthogonal projection to reparameterize the bivariate normal distribution for γ and α ⁠ , and a spike-slab prior to mitigate the impact of correlated HP. We have also developed an efficient algorithm with paralleled Gibbs sampling. To demonstrate the advantages of MR-Corr2 over existing methods, we conducted comprehensive simulation studies to compare for both type-I error control and point estimates in various scenarios. By applying MR-Corr2 to study the relationships between exposure–outcome pairs in complex traits, we did not identify the contradictory causal relationship between HDL-c and CAD. Moreover, the results provide a new perspective of the causal network among complex traits. Availability and implementation The developed R package and code to reproduce all the results are available at https://github.com/QingCheng0218/MR.Corr2. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China, the first country worldwide to approve a gene therapy in 2003, almost lost the advantage for a head start in cell and gene therapy (CGT) development due to a lack of clear and strict regulatory frameworks. The rapid advancements of CGTs' development worldwide as well as their therapeutic potential have triggered the government to conduct a spate of regulatory reforms to promote normative development of CGTs in China. Encouraged by policy support, the remarkable progress for CGTs in China has been observed over the past few years, thereby catapulting China back into the forefront of CGTs worldwide. This article aims to provide an overview of regulatory reforms, the current development landscape of CGTs, as well as key contributors and challenges for CGT development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as functional cross-linker and Pickering emulsifier was used to stabilize Lysozyme (Lys) encapsulated in quaternary ammonium chitosan nanoparticles (QC NPs) via ionic gelation method. Physicochemical, structural, and antibacterial properties of the CNC stabilized Lys loaded QC NPs were also evaluated. Particle size, particle size distribution, Zeta potential (ZP), and spectroscopic analyses showed the successful encapsulation of Lys. Antibacterial activity of NPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated on the basis of inhibition zone (IZ), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). MIC and MBC of CNC stabilized Lys loaded HQC NPs against S. aureus were 0.094 and 0.188 while corresponding values for CNC stabilized Lys loaded LQC NPs V. parahaemolyticus were 0.156 and 0.312 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, CNC stabilized Lys loaded QC NPs have potential implications in the food industry for food preservation and packaging. • CNC stabilized Lys loaded QC NPs has successfully been prepared using ionic gelation method. • Physicochemical properties CNC stabilized Lys loaded QC NPs were investigated. • Antibacterial activity of CNC stabilized Lys loaded QC NPs was evaluated. • Proposed mechanisms of CNC stabilized Lys loaded QC NPs were tentatively discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The financial figures for CGTs are still promising despite severe disruption. • COVID-19 repositioning strategies provide opportunities for manufacturers of CGTs. • CGTs industry needs to increase its resilience to navigate potential future crises. • More restrictions on CGTs price and reimbursement are foreseeable. • Value-based price and alternative payment mechanisms will be increasingly leveraged. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant disruption to the cell and gene therapy (CGT) industry, which has historically faced substantial complexities in supply of materials, and manufacturing and logistics processes. As decision-makers shifted their priorities to COVID-19-related issues, the challenges in market authorisation, and price and reimbursement of CGTs were amplified. Nevertheless, it is encouraging to see that some CGT developers are adapting their efforts toward the development of promising COVID-19-related therapeutics and vaccines. Manufacturing resilience, digitalisation, telemedicine, value-based pricing, and innovative payment mechanisms will be increasingly harnessed to ensure that market access of CGTs is not severely disrupted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The preoperative prediction of post hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is essential, but there is no gold standard for the prediction at present, and the efficacy of different methods for the prediction has not been compared systematically. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of preoperative two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test and biomarkers for PHLF prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: We retrospectively studied 215 patients with HCC, who had undergone major liver resection in our hospital. Preoperative data of each patient, including liver stiffness value (LSV) of underlying hepatic parenchyma measured by 2D-SWE, ICG retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15) measured by ICG clearance test, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) scores, aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index (APRI), and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) were collected for analysis. Post hepatectomy outcomes of study patients were also recorded for assessment of PHLF. The study patients were divided into development cohort (133 patients without PHLF, and 17 patients with PHLF) and validation cohort (59 patients without PHLF, and 6 patients with PHLF) randomly.Results: In the development cohort, LSV, ICG-R15 and ALBI scores were significantly different between patients with and without PHLF, while no significant difference of APRI and FIB-4 scores was found. LSV had higher AUC (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) (AUC = 0.795) for PHLF prediction than ICG-R15 (AUC = 0.619) and ALBI scores (AUC = 0.686) (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In the validation cohort, the cutoff value of LSV obtained from the development cohort, 10.35 kPa,  revealed higher specificity (76.3%) for PHLF prediction than ICG-R15 (specificity: 66.1%) and ALBI scores (specificity: 69.5%) (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Compared with ICG-R15, ALBI scores, APRI and FIB-4, LSV measured by 2D-SWE may demonstrate better efficacy for preoperative PHLF prediction in patients with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: Thalidomide is used off‐label for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and not as a first‐line treatment option. The instructions clearly state that thalidomide is contraindicated in children because its safety and effectiveness in children are unknown. In this article, we review the efficacy and safety of thalidomide as a treatment for IBD in children and adolescents. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM database [from the date of database establishment to June 2019] and clinical trials [systematic review and meta‐analysis, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case‐control studies and case series studies] for studies concerning the use of thalidomide as a treatment for IBD in children and adolescents. Results and discussion: Seven studies (two RCTs and five case series), which included 134 children and adolescents (32 with ulcerative colitis, 102 with Crohn's disease), met the inclusion criteria. The included studies showed that the clinical remission rate of thalidomide was 44%‐100% and the steroid tapering rate was 50%‐100% in children and adolescents with refractory IBD. Peripheral neuropathy was the most common major adverse reaction, and it appeared to be cumulative dose‐dependent. What is new and conclusion: Thalidomide as a treatment for refractory IBD in children and adolescents can improve clinical remission and achieve longer‐term maintenance of remission. Peripheral neuropathy is the main adverse drug reaction, and it can be monitored and prevented. It is necessary to fully communicate with parents and obtain informed consent before using this drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new transition metal-based coordination polymers [Zn3(bimb)2(nbta)2]n (1, bimb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)-2-butene, H3nbta = 5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid) and {[Cu3(nbta)2(bipp)2(H2O)2](H2O)2}n (2, bipp = 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazine) have been successfully prepared by reaction of 5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid with the corresponding metal salts and the different N-donor ligands. Furthermore, the treatment effect of compounds 1 and 2 on nephrotic syndrome (NS) was evaluated and the specific mechanism was explored in this research. Firstly, to investigate the level of the Th17 cells and CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ regulate cells (Treg) in PBMC was detected with flow cytometry. The RT-PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA expression level of 16sRNA to determine the intestinal flora abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Al–Cu–Mg–Si alloy was prepared by conventional press-sintering powder metallurgy using elemental Al powder. The phase transformation process of Al–Mg, Al–Si alloy and Cu during the sintering process was investigated in details. It was found that a series of phase transitions take place in the alloy to disrupt the oxide film of Al particle and enhance the densification process. The relative density of the sintered samples reached 98%. A new Al–Mg–Cu–O compound was found at the grain boundaries except the MgAl2O4 phase, it is speculated that the disruption of the oxide film was also associated with the other alloy compositions except for Mg. Furthermore, no detectable AlN compound was found at the grain boundary region although sintering with flowing nitrogen atmosphere, which is benefit from the high density of the green compact and the excellent wettability between the liquid phase and the aluminium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and to identify factors that significantly affect pharmacokinetic parameters and to further investigate optimal dosage regimens in Chinese adult patients with hematologic malignancies. A prospective population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on 186 concentration measurements obtained from 41 adult patients with hematologic malignancies. All enrolled patients were treated with voriconazole for diagnosed or suspected invasive fungal diseases. Oral voriconazole was routinely administered at a maintenance dose of 200 mg q12h. Serial blood samples were collected after steady-state of each patient. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to optimize dosage strategies. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination adequately described the data. The typical voriconazole clearance was 4.18 L/h, the volume of distribution was 88.9 L, and the absorption rate constant was 0.729 h−1. Clearance and steady-state exposure (AUC 0–12) were found to be significantly associated with age and CYP2C19 phenotype. The average AUC 0–12 of elderly patients (aged 60–90 years) was 2.1 times higher than that of relative younger patients (aged 18–59 years). The average AUC 0–12 of poor metabolizers (PMs) was approximately 2.5 and 1.8 times higher than that of extensive and intermediate metabolizers (IMs), respectively. Considering both efficacy and tolerability, dosage regimens of 100 and 50 mg orally administered every 12 hours were recommended for elderly IMs and PMs, respectively. A population pharmacokinetic model for voriconazole in Chinese adult patients with hematologic malignancies was successfully developed and could well capture voriconazole's pharmacokinetic characteristics. Age and CYP2C19 phenotype were found to significantly influence voriconazole clearance and should be taken into consideration clinically for dose optimization. The optimal dosage strategies in specific clinical scenarios were proposed in this study based on model simulation. Because of the high incidence of mutant CYP2C19*2 and *3 alleles, genetic testing seems to be necessary for Asian elderly patients when voriconazole treatment is initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subgroup H of G is called ℳ-supplemented in G if there exists a subgroup B of G such that G = HB and Hi B < G for every maximal subgroup Hi of H. In this paper, we use ℳ-supplemented subgroups to study the structure of finite groups and obtain some new characterization about solvability and p-supersolvability for a fixed prime p. Some results in the literature are corollaries of our theorems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by naturally derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and gelatinized soluble starch (GSS) were fabricated to stabilize oregano essential oil (OEO) in the absence of surfactant. The physical properties, microstructures, rheological properties, and storage stability of HIPEs were investigated by adjusting CNC contents (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 wt%) and starch concentration (4.5 wt%). The results revealed that CNC–GSS stabilized HIPEs exhibited good storage stability within one month and the smallest droplets size at a CNC concentration of 0.4 wt%. The emulsion volume fractions of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 wt% CNC–GSS stabilized HIPEs after centrifugation reached 77.58, 82.05, 94.22, and 91.41 %, respectively. The effect of native CNC and GSS were analyzed to understand the stability mechanisms of HIPEs. The results revealed that CNC could be used as an effective stabilizer and emulsifier to fabricate the stable and gel-like HIPEs with tunable microstructure and rheological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background and Aim: More concerns had been raised about the risk of kidney disease (KD) associated with acid‐suppressive drugs. But whether they could directly increase such risk remained unclear. Meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively investigate this relationship. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and three Chinese databases were searched until April 2017 for observational studies investigating the associations between acid‐suppressive drugs and KD. Pooled log (odds ratios [ORs]) or log (hazard ratios [HRs]) with standard errors for KD risk were calculated using the generic inverse variance method and random‐effect model. Results: Ten studies involving 128 020 KD patients were included. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy was associated with higher risks of acute interstitial nephritis (OR, 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–6.17), acute kidney injury (AKI) (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33–2.59), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.03–2.09), and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.26–2.04) than non‐PPI therapy. Additionally, PPI significantly increased the risks of AKI (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16–1.51), CKD (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.24–1.33), and ESRD (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.21–3.17) compared with histamine 2 receptor antagonist (H2RA). Relationship between H2RA therapy and AKI (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.90–1.07) or CKD (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.89–1.11) was not found. Conclusions: Proton pump inhibitor therapy significantly increased the risks of acute interstitial nephritis, AKI, CKD, and ESRD. Similar risks were not identified for H2RA therapy. More clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound elastography reflects liver function reserve relative to liver fibrosis histology. Sixty-five New Zealand rabbits were divided into an experimental group (n = 45) and a control group (n = 20). In the experimental group, liver fibrosis (F1-F4) was induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride. Point shear wave elastography and the indocyanine green (ICG) elimination test were performed for the two groups at 4-wk intervals for 56 wk. The liver stiffness value (LSV) and the ICG retention rate at 15 min (ICGR15) were obtained, and the correlation between them was investigated. The median LSVs of stages F0-F4 were 3.92 kPa (1.91-8.53 kPa), 5.02 kPa (2.39-8.91 kPa), 7.87 kPa (5.21-12.26 kPa), 12.83 kPa (5.92-16.79 kPa) and 16.64 kPa (9.76-29.50 kPa), respectively. The median ICGR15 values of stages F0-F4 were 8.7% (4.8%-15.6%), 10.8% (5.6%-20.3%), 19.2% (12.3%-26.7%), 31.0% (20.9%-41.0%) and 45.6% (22.1%-60.9%). There were significant differences in LSVs and ICGR15 values among the different stages of liver fibrosis (p <0.01). A positive correlation was observed between LSV and ICGR15 (r = 0.7497, p < 0.0001). A strong correlation was observed between liver stiffness and liver function reserve, indicating ultrasound elastography may reflect liver function reserve in different degrees of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to study the thermal characteristic of low-voltage alternating current (AC) arc faults. Two series of experiments were designed, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wire ignitions experiments and electrode arcing experiments (non-ignitions) subjected to arc faults at different effective currents. The ignition time of the wire and the temperature of the electrode were investigated to characterize the arcing hazard. Results show that the ignition time of the wire decreases with the increasing arc current, and the wire with a larger cross-section area requires more time to be ignited at the same current. For non-ignition experiments, the electrode temperature increases first and then varies little. A heat equilibrium stage can be reached, where the heat transfer of the arc to the electrode is equal to the heat dissipation of the electrode. Furthermore, a heat transfer model for the arc fault is established to obtain the electrode temperature. The temperature of the arc-electrode interface is used to characterize the arc energy, and it is found the temperature showed a logarithmic increase with the current. The results of this study may be useful in the safety design of electrical wires, and can be exploited as hazard indicators for the risk assessment of electrical fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel nano-sized dummy-surface molecularly imprinted polymers (DSMIPs) on a magnetic graphene oxide (GO–Fe 3 O 4 ) surface were developed as substrates, using propionamide as a dummy template molecule for the selective recognition and rapid pre-concentration and removal of acrylamide (AM) from food samples. These products showed rapid kinetics, high binding capacity (adsorption at 3.68 mg·g −1 ), and selectivity (imprinting factor α 2.83); the adsorption processes followed the Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Excellent recognition selectivity toward acrylamide was achieved compared to structural analogs, such as propionic and acrylic acids (selectivity factor β 2.33, and 2.20, respectively). Moreover, DSMIPs–GO–Fe 3 O 4 was used to quantify acrylamide in food samples, yielding satisfactory recovery (86.7–94.3%) and low relative standard deviation (<4.85%). Thus, our DSMIPs–GO–Fe 3 O 4 -based procedure was demonstrated to be a convenient and practical method for the separation, enrichment, and removal of acrylamide from food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absorbents with “tree-like” structures, which were composed of hollow porous carbon fibers (HPCFs) acting as “trunk” structures, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as “branch” structures and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles playing the role of “fruit” structures were prepared by chemical vapor deposition technique and chemical reaction. Microwave reflection loss, permittivity and permeability of Fe 3 O 4 –CNTs–HPCFs composites were investigated in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. It was proven that prepared absorbents possessed the excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing performances. The bandwidth with a reflection loss less than −15 dB covers a wide frequency range from 10.2 to 18 GHz with the thickness of 1.5–3.0 mm, and the minimum reflection loss is −50.9 dB at 14.03 GHz with a 2.5 mm thick sample layer. Microwave absorbing mechanism of the Fe 3 O 4 –CNTs–HPCFs composites is concluded as dielectric polarization and the synergetic interactions exist between Fe 3 O 4 and CNTs–HPCFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The hollow activated carbon fibers (HACF) were prepared by using commercial polypropylene hollow fiber (PPHF) as the template, and phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) as carbon precursors. Final HACF was formed through the thermal decomposition and carbonization of PF at 700°C under the nitrogen atmosphere, and activation at 800°C with carbon dioxide as the activating agent, consecutively. Then, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques using the as-grown porous HACF as substrate. The growth process was achieved by pyrolyzing ethanol steam at 700°C using nickel as catalyst. Finally, CNTs was grown successfully on the substrate, and a novel tree-like micro–nano carbonous structure CNTs/HACF was fabricated. The as-grown HACF and micro–nano CNTs/HACF were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. Moreover, the formation mechanisms were also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we establish the existence of a positive solution to a singular boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional differential equation. Our analysis rely on nonlinear alternative of Leray–Schauder type and Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem in a cone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Multi-scale experiments including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fire propagation analysis (FPA), and fire resistance test were carried out to study thermal insulation of glass fiber. Temperature range of pyrolysis and combustion, heat of reaction and mass loss were measured by TGA and DSC. The percentage of mass loss measured by TGA and FPA is almost the same. The melting of glass fiber lead to the morphological changes of glass fiber under high radiation heat flux in FPA. The fire resistance test shows that glass fiber has excellent thermal insulation in two structures at low temperatures, but the melting of glass fiber has become a deadly destruction to structural failure at high temperatures. Simulation has been done to the fire resistance of a typical high-speed floor structure containing glass fiber. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, revealing the importance of considering pyrolysis and melting of glass fiber in predicting its thermal insulation behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric heart transplant (PHT) patients have the highest waitlist mortality of solid organ transplants, yet more than 40% of viable hearts are unutilized. A tool for risk prediction could impact these outcomes. This study aimed to compare and validate the PHT risk score models (RSMs) in the literature. Methods: The literature was reviewed to identify RSMs published. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry was used to validate the published models identified in a pediatric cohort (<18 years) transplanted between 2017 and 2019 and compared against the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) 2021 model. Primary outcome was post‐transplant 1‐year mortality. Odds ratios were obtained to evaluate the association between risk score groups and 1‐year mortality. Area under the curve (AUC) was used to compare the RSM scores on their goodness‐of‐fit, using Delong's test. Results: Six recipient and one donor RSMs published between 2008 and 2021 were included in the analysis. The validation cohort included 1,003 PHT. Low‐risk groups had a significantly better survival than high‐risk groups as predicted by Choudhry (OR = 4.59, 95% CI [2.36–8.93]) and Fraser III (3.17 [1.43–7.05]) models. Choudhry's and SRTR models achieved the best overall performance (AUC = 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). When adjusted for CHD and ventricular assist device support, all models reported better predictability [AUC > 0.6]. Choudhry (AUC = 0.69) and SRTR (AUC = 0.71) remained the best predicting RSMs even after adjustment. Conclusion: Although the RSMs by SRTR and Choudhry provided the best prediction for 1‐year mortality, none demonstrated a strong (AUC ≥ 0.8) concordance statistic. All published studies lacked advanced analytical approaches and were derived from an inherently limited dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Autophagy play an important therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis diseases. • Targeting autophagy may be a novel intervention to pulmonary fibrosis diseases. • Autophagy mitigates the pathogenesis of IPF and cystic fibrosis lung disease. As an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation pathway, autophagy is essential to cellular homeostasis. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy showed an important effect on some pulmonary fibrosis diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis lung disease, silicosis and smoking-induced pulmonary fibrosis. For example, autophagy mitigates the pathological progression of IPF by regulating the apoptosis of fibroblasts and the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, autophagy ameliorates cystic fibrosis lung disease via rescuing transmembrane conductance regulators (CFTRs) to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, autophagy alleviates the silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by decreasing apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in silicosis. However, excessive macrophage autophagy aggravates the pathogenesis of silicosis fibrosis by promoting the proliferation and migration of lung fibroblasts in silicosis. Autophagy is also involved in smoking-induced pulmonary fibrosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, ionizing radiation-mediated pulmonary fibrosis and heavy metal nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, the role and signalling mechanisms of autophagy in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis diseases have been systematically analysed. It has provided a new insight into the therapeutic potential associated with autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis diseases. In conclusion, the targeting of autophagy might prove to be a prospective avenue for the therapeutic intervention of pulmonary fibrosis diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Fe 3 O 4 loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) and microparticles (MPs) were synthesized based on ionic gelation technology for the removal of Cd2+ ion. The influencing parameters including initial concentration, pH, contact time and recycling was evaluated and optimized. The results showed that particle size of Fe 3 O 4 loaded CS NPs and MPs was in the range of 164.05–768.69 nm, and the former showed relatively higher adsorption capacities (97.86 mg/g) on Cd2+ ion than the latter after 90 min at pH 5.0 for the solutions with initial Cd2+ ion of 100 mg/L, respectively. Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) test illustrated 61.48 m2/g of specific surface area, 0.0274 cm3/g of pore volume and 6.03 nm average pore size. The results of FT-IR, TEM, EDS and XRD indicated that Fe 3 O 4 was well incorporated into CS NPs and MPs. Moreover, the adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model and adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption mechanisms could be well explained though coordination and electrostatic attraction. Findings of this work highlighted the potential using Fe 3 O 4 loaded CS NPs as an effective and recyclable adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater treatment. • Adsorption of heavy metal using Fe 3 O 4 loaded CS NPs was reported. • The smaller the particle size was, the higher adsorption capacity was. • Fe 3 O 4 loaded CS NPs has higher adsorption efficiency than Fe 3 O 4 and CS NPs used alone. • Adsorption mechanisms of Cd (II) ion using Fe 3 O 4 loaded CS NPs was tentatively proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To assess the heterogeneity in factors affecting physician's global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) and in PhGA scoring of multiple JIA patient's case scenarios. Methods An electronic web-based questionnaire of factors potentially considered in PhGA was sent worldwide to members of PRINTO and the Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR-COIN). The respondents were asked to rate from 0 to 100 the relevance of 17 factors possibly affecting PhGA scoring and to derive a PhGA score of 17 detailed JIA patient cases. The median and interquartile range was used to measure the heterogeneity in the scoring. To demonstrate the consistency among the PhGA scores of the patient cases provided by multiple physicians, we assessed the inter-rater reliability using intra-class correlation. Results The questionnaire was completed by 491 respondents. A large individual variation was observed in the impact of different factors on PhGA when assessing JIA. For non-systemic JIA the presence of fever had the largest variation and swollen joint count had the smallest. For sJIA, the largest variation was seen in the presence of erosions and the smallest in the presence of fever. The intra-class correlation of the group for PhGA scoring of patient cases was 0.53 (95% CI 0.38, 0.72). Conclusions In a sample of worldwide respondents, the scoring of the PhGA is divergent. Consensus on PhGA scoring guidelines is required to obtain a consistent assessment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the reservoir characteristics of shallow shale gas reservoir in Zhaotong and its differences with other shale gas blocks in Sichuan Basin, the pore structure of Zhaotong shale gas reservoir was comprehensively studied by various means, including X -ray diffraction, gas adsorption (CO2, N2), NMR, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the adsorption capacity of samples in this area was measured by volume method and the main controlling factors were analyzed. The results show that the shale reservoir in the Zhaotong demonstration area is dominated by clay and quartz minerals, with an average content of 23.1% and 34.3%, respectively. Pore-size distribution is concentrated in the range of 0.5–1000 nm, with micropore and mesopore as the main body. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the reservoir space types are mainly organic pores, intergranular pores, intragranular pores, and microfractures. Among them, organic pores are the most developed and most of them appear in large area network structures with good connectivity. The results of the methane isothermal adsorption test show that the adsorption capacity of shale in the Zhaotong area is positively correlated with TOC content, specific surface area, and micropore volume ( D ≤ 10 nm), but poorly correlated with total pore volume. Due to the influence of mineral types and genesis, the adsorption capacity of shale in this area is negatively correlated with clay content and poorly correlated with quartz content. Through data comparison and analysis, the adsorption capacity of shale in the Zhaotong area is higher than that in the Fuling and Changning–Weiyuan areas. Additionally, due to the influence of mineral genesis, the changing trend of shale adsorption capacity with quartz content is also different in different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides combustion behavior under normal atmosphere, combustion behavior under special environment is also an important aspect for safety operation of China high-speed train. The commercial flame-retardant natural rubber employed in China high-speed train as the main floor cloth material was investigated in this study at low oxygen atmosphere with 18 kW m−2 to 60 kW m−2 external heat fluxes by means of ASTM E2058 fire propagation apparatus to deepen the knowledge of combustion behavior. The ignition time of sample mainly depended on external heat flux not the oxygen concentration (only low and normal oxygen concentration) except 40 kW m−2. During the whole combustion process two main stages appeared, one was thermal decomposition of sample, and the other stage was the forming charry layer combustion. The CO and CO2 yields decreased with external heat flux increasing and the ratio of yCO/yCO2 firstly increased and then decreased. The experimental data in this study can provide guidance for fire safety design and assessment of China high-speed train. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Renal Activity Index for Lupus (RAIL) consists of urine protein assessment of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, adiponectin, hemopexin, and ceruloplasmin, which non-invasively identifies lupus nephritis (LN). We aimed to delineate RAIL scores with inactive versus active LN and changes over time with response to LN induction therapy. Methods: There were 128 pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and age-matched healthy controls recruited in a prospective case control study, with kidney biopsy confirmation of LN. Laboratory and clinical information was recorded and urine collected at diagnosis and end of induction and during maintenance therapy. Response to therapy was assessed by repeat kidney biopsy or laboratory parameters. Urine was assayed for RAIL biomarkers and the RAIL score calculated. Results: Pediatric RAIL (pRAIL) scores from 128 children and young adults with SLE (with/without LN: 70/38) including 25 during LN induction therapy, differentiated clinically active LN from inactive LN or without LN, and controls (all p < 0.0017). pRAIL scores significantly decreased with complete LN remission by 1.07 ± 1.7 (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The RAIL biomarkers differentiate LN patients based on activity of kidney disease, with decreases of ≥ 1 in pRAIL scores indicating complete response to induction therapy. Significantly lower RAIL scores in healthy controls and in SLE patients without known LN raise the possibility of subclinical kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prove the feasibility of pyrohydrolysis method of fluorides in TMSR spent fuel reprocessing, pyrohydrolysis behavior and reaction mechanism of neutron poison represented by SmF 3 in moist air, have been studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Then, reaction products in solid state were characterized by means of XRD and SEM. The results indicated that SmF 3 began to hydrolyze in 773 K. Two definite breaks on TG curves were correlated to the conversions of SmF 3 into SmOF and SmOF into Sm 2 O 3 , respectively. Through the simulation calculation, we found that the two stages of the reaction can both meet the second-order reaction kinetics, and their corresponding activation energies are 60.2 and 31.2 kJ/mol, respectively. From the results of dynamics simulation, the rate equation obeyed the phase boundary rate law, which was expressed by [1 − (1− x ) 1/3 ] = kt . Further studies indicated that the rate-determining step was the surface reaction control, and the shrinking core model was applied to describe the mechanism. These results showed that pyrohydrolysis method of fluorides could be used for fuel reprocessing due to its unique reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wallpapers as the main decoration materials employed in the high-rise and civil buildings will cause fire when exposed to high temperature or high excessive current, which result in the loss of property and injuries. In order to reduce the fire risk caused by wallpapers, it is necessary to develop the study of wallpaper combustion behavior under different fluxes from 20 to 50 kWm−2 with 10 increments by fire propagation apparatus. In this study, three types of wallpapers (flame-retardant, water-proof and common) are investigated to deepen our understanding of vertical combustion behavior to reduce the fire risk of building caused by wallpaper fire. The visual observation, heat release rate, mass loss, ignition time, CO and CO2 yields, and TOC during the whole combustion process were analyzed to deepen the knowledge of combustion behaviors for different kinds of wallpapers. Flame-retardant and water-proof wallpapers will crack or bubble during the burning process. Under lower external heat flux, wallpapers will form charring layers during the burning process, while at high external heat fluxes, the formed charring layers will reduce to make combustion intensity fiercer. The formed charring layer will appear after burning for 10 to 20 s to inhibit the heat from the radiation and convection of the environment into sample to decrease combustion intensity. The transformed ignition time is linear with external heat flux, and the transformed index is equal to 1, which is consistent with thermal thin material. The CO2 yield of flame-retardant and common wallpapers is similar to CO yield except water-proof wallpaper, and with the fluxes increase, the gas yield of water-proof wallpaper increases first, then decreases and finally increases. The results and experimental data in this study can provide guidance for the fire protection department to assess the fire risk of wallpapers and ensure the safety of people in the buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated hollow carbon fibers (ACHFs) decorated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nickel nanoparticles (CNTs–Ni–ACHFs) were prepared by thermal reduction and chemical vapor deposition technique. Microwave reflection loss, permittivity and permeability of CNTs–Ni–ACHFs composites as novel electromagnetic wave absorbents were studied in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. It was demonstrated that CNTs–Ni–ACHFs absorbents possessed the best microwave absorbing performances whose minimum reflection loss was −43.457 dB at 13.10 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm, which is much better than those of Ni–ACHFs and ACHFs samples. The dielectric polarizations and magnetic loss derived from the effect of the porous structures, Ni nanoparticles, and defects in the CNTs–Ni–ACHFs composites are playing an important role for the excellent microwave absorbing performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a standardized steroid dosing regimen (SSR) for physicians treating childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by lupus nephritis (LN), using consensus formation methodology. Methods: Parameters influencing corticosteroid (CS) dosing were identified (step 1). Data from children with proliferative LN were used to generate patient profiles (step 2). Physicians rated changes in renal and extrarenal childhood‐onset SLE activity between 2 consecutive visits and proposed CS dosing (step 3). The SSR was developed using patient profile ratings (step 4), with refinements achieved in a physician focus group (step 5). A second type of patient profile describing the course of childhood‐onset SLE for ≥4 months since kidney biopsy was rated to validate the SSR‐recommended oral and intravenous (IV) CS dosages (step 6). Patient profile adjudication was based on majority ratings for both renal and extrarenal disease courses, and consensus level was set at 80%. Results: Degree of proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, changes in renal and extrarenal disease activity, and time since kidney biopsy influenced CS dosing (steps 1 and 2). Considering these parameters in 5,056 patient profile ratings from 103 raters, and renal and extrarenal course definitions, CS dosing rules of the SSR were developed (steps 3–5). Validation of the SSR for up to 6 months post–kidney biopsy was achieved with 1,838 patient profile ratings from 60 raters who achieved consensus for oral and IV CS dosage in accordance with the SSR (step 6). Conclusion: The SSR represents an international consensus on CS dosing for use in patients with childhood‐onset SLE and proliferative LN. The SSR is anticipated to be used for clinical care and to standardize CS dosage during clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of loadings of cellulose nanofibers extracted from jute fibers on the tensile property, onset temperature, melting temperature, crystallization temperature, and thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Experimental results showed that there is an increase in both the modulus and strength of the composite films up to 10% cellulose nanofibers loading and a gradual decrease with further increases to 30% cellulose nanofibers loading. In addition, the thermal degradation of the composites occurs at higher temperature than that of both cellulose nanofibers and neat polyvinyl alcohol. However, thermal stability of the composites decreases with increase of the cellulose nanofibers content higher than 20 wt %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limb ischaemia/reperfusion (LIR) occurs in various clinical conditions including critical limb ischaemia, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and traumatic arterial injury. Reperfusion of the acutely ischemic limb can lead to a systemic inflammation response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, further resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Molecular hydrogen exhibits therapeutic activity for the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Our study investigated the possible therapeutic effects of hydrogen and its mechanism of action in a LIR-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model. Limb ischaemia/-reperfusion model was established in mice. The hydrogen-saturated saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Protein level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting. Autophagy-related molecules were evaluated by western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by assay kits. Quantification of ceramides in lung was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular hydrogen exhibited a protective effect on the LIR-induced ALI model. Hydrogen decreased malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissues. Additionally, hydrogen activated Nrf2 signalling in lung tissues. Hydrogen could inhibit the upregulation of autophagy in the present rodent model. Furthermore, ceramide was accumulated in lung tissues because of LIR; however, hydrogen altered the accumulation status. Molecular hydrogen was found to be therapeutically effective in the LIR-induced ALI model; the mechanisms of action included modulation of antioxidation and autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the persistence and effectiveness of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) vs non-TNFi among newly diagnosed JIA patients after initiation of biologic DMARD (bDMARD). Methods Using longitudinal patient-level data extracted from electronic medical records in a large Midwestern paediatric hospital from 2009 to 2018, we identified JIA patients initiating TNFi and non-TNFi treatment. Treatment effectiveness was assessed based on disease activity. Inverse probability of treatment weighting of propensity score was used to estimate the treatment effectiveness and Kaplan–Meier analyses were conducted to assess persistence. Results Of 667 JIA patients, most (92.0%) were prescribed one of the class of TNFi as their initial biologic treatment. Etanercept was the most frequently prescribed (67.1%) treatment, followed by adalimumab (27.5%). Only around 5% of patients were prescribed off-label bDMARDs as their first-course treatment; however, >20% were prescribed off-label biologics as their second-course therapy. Some 7.2% of patients received four or more bDMARDs. The median persistence of the first-course bDMARD is 320 days, with TNFi being significantly longer than the non-TNFi (395 vs 320 days, P  = 0.010). The clinical Juvenile Disease Activity Score (cJADAS) reduction of TNFi users (6.6, 95% CI 5.7, 7.5) was significant greater compared with non-TNFi users (3.0, 95% CI 1.5, 4.6, P  < 0.0001) at 6-month follow-up visit. Conclusion Persistence was significantly longer among patients initiating TNFi as their first biologic therapy than those receiving non-TNFi. Patients receiving TNF therapy had significant greater reduction of cJADAS at the 6-month follow-up visit compared with patients in the non-TNF cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Liver disease causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver imaging plays an essential role in the noninvasive liver disease evaluation because of the limitation of liver biopsy. This paper aims to image in vivo liver with thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) and demonstrate this liver imaging technique with a cross‐validation method. Methods: The imaging system composed of a large aperture antenna and a flexible transducer array was used, and we performed the position calibration using the delay and sum algorithm. The localization wire was utilized in the cross‐validation of in vivo liver TAI. Results: We successfully validated in vivo liver TAI. In vivo images of different liver lobes without labels were observed. The imaging depth reached about 4 cm. Conclusions: TAI has the potential to image the liver and provide useful dielectric properties of the liver tissue. This study realized the first in vivo liver TAI, suggesting its prospect in detecting liver disease noninvasively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine patterns of initial prescriptions, investigate time to initiation of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), and evaluate the impact of clinical and other baseline factors associated with the time to first bDMARD in treating children with newly diagnosed non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Using longitudinal patient-level data extracted from electronic medical records (EMR) in a large Midwestern pediatric hospital from 2009 to 2018, the initial prescriptions and prescribing patterns of bDMARDs, conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids within 3 months of JIA diagnosis were examined. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess time to initiation of bDMARDs. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with time to first bDMARD. Results: Of 821 children, the proportion of patients with initial csDMARDs increased from 45.3% in 2009 to 60.3% in 2018. Around 57.5% of polyarthritis rheumatoid factor-positive (Poly RF+) patients and 43.2% of polyarthritis rheumatoid factor-negative (Poly RF−) patients received a bDMARD therapy within 3 months of diagnosis, 14.4% as monotherapy and 28.3% in combination with a csDMARD. Among patients who received combination therapy, combination of methotrexate with adalimumab increased from 16.7% in 2009 to 40% in 2018. The proportion of patients treated with adalimumab gradually increased and passed etanercept in 2016. The predictors of earlier initiation of biologic therapy were JIA category enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) [hazard ratio (HR) vs persistent oligoarthritis 4.82; p < 0.0001], psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (HR 2.46; p = 0.0002), or Poly RF− (HR 2.43; p = 0.0002); the number of joints with limited range of motion (HR 1.02; p = 0.0222), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, HR 1.01; p = 0.0033). Conclusions: There was a substantial increase in the proportion of patients receiving the combination of methotrexate and adalimumab among patients receiving combination therapy. Adalimumab overtook etanercept as the most frequently prescribed bDMARD. Multiple factors affect the time to biologic initiation, including the number of joints with limited range of motion, ESR, and JIA category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity has been found to be associated with obesity, and metabolic syndrome in humans. However, whether or not PLTP has a direct effect on insulin sensitivity and obesity is largely unknown. Here we analyzed the effect by using PLTP knockout (PLTP−/−) mouse model. Although, PLTP−/− mice have normal body-weight-gain under chow diet, these mice were protected from high-fat-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, compared with wild type mice. In order to understand the mechanism, we evaluated insulin receptor and Akt activation and found that PLTP deficiency significantly enhanced phosphorylated insulin receptor and Akt levels in high-fat-diet fed mouse livers, adipose tissues, and muscles after insulin stimulation, while total Akt and insulin receptor levels were unchanged. Moreover, we found that the PLTP deficiency induced significantly more GLUT4 protein in the plasma membranes of adipocytes and muscle cells after insulin stimulation. Finally, we found that PLTP-deficient hepatocytes had less sphingomyelins and free cholesterols in the lipid rafts and plasma membranes than that of controls and this may provide a molecular basis for PLTP deficiency-mediated increase in insulin sensitivity. We have concluded that PLTP deficiency leads to an improvement in tissue and whole-body insulin sensitivity through modulating lipid levels in the plasma membrane, especially in the lipid rafts. • PLTP-/- mice were protected from high-fat-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, compared with wild type mice. • PLTP deficiency stimulates IR and Akt phosphorylation and enhances GluT4 expression in high fat diet-fed animals. • PLTP deficiency decreases the levels of sphingomyelins and free cholesterols in hepatic plasma membranes and lipid rafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To elucidate the protective roles and the underlying mechanism of Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch (THH) in mice graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Methods BALB/c (H-2kd) mice were firstly treated with total body irradiation and infused with a mixture of bone marrow and spleen cells from C57BL/6. Then the severity of acute GVHD (aGVHD), chimeras of donor cells, inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10) of plasma, and regulatory T cells were evaluated to elucidate the different drug combinations and concentrations of cyclosporin A (CsA) and THH in preventing aGVHD. Results The control group treated with phosphate buffer solution displayed more obvious ruffled hair, hunched posture, diarrhea, reduced weight and more lymphocytes infiltration into the spleen and intestine than these treated with CsA, THH or low-dosed CsA combined with THH, especially those treated with low-dosed CsA combined with THH. No significant differences were observed in the chimeras of donor cells and survival rate among the CsA, THH, or CsA combined with THH-treated groups. Further studies implied that THH might reduce the aGVHD by increasing IL-10, decreasing IL-4, activating Treg cell, and maintaining a relatively high Foxp3 mRNA level. Conclusion THH decreased the occurrence of mouse aGVHD and prolonged the survival time by increasing the levels of CD4+/CD25+ T cells, regulating the cytokine secretion and promoting the expression of Foxp3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-021-00447-1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]