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In recent years, worldwide research on fruit and vegetable quality detection technology includes machine vision, spectroscopy, acoustic vibration, tactile sensors, etc. These technologies have also been gradually applied to fruit and vegetable grading and sorting lines in recent years, greatly improving the income of farmers. There have been numerous reviews of these techniques. Most of the published research on fruit and vegetable quality detection technology is still carried out in the laboratory. The emphases have been on quality feature extraction, model establishment and experimental verification. The successful application in the fruit and vegetable sorting production line proves that these studies have high application potential and value, and we look forward to the performance of these sensing technologies in the fruit and vegetable picking field. Therefore, in this paper, based on the future highly automated fruit and vegetable picking mode, we will focus on three kinds of fruit and vegetable quality detection technologies including machine vision, tactile sensor and spectroscopy, to provide some reference for future research. Since there are currently limited cases of detecting quality during the fruit and vegetable picking, experiments performed on prototypes of manipulator, or devices such as Nanocilia sensors, portable spectrometers, etc., which are compact and convenient to mount on manipulator will be reviewed. Several tables and mosaics showing the performance of the three technologies in the detection of fruit and vegetable quality over the past five years have been listed. The performance of each sensing technology was relatively satisfactory in the laboratory in general. However, in the picking scenario, there are still many challenges to be solved. Different from industrial environments, agricultural scenarios are complex and changeable. Fragile and vulnerable agricultural products pose another challenge. The development of portable devices and nanomaterials have become important breakthroughs. Optical and tactile detection methods, as well as the integration of different quality detection methods, are expected to be the trends of research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E prostanoid (EP)1 receptor shown to be associated with lung cancer cell invasion. However, the mechanism of EP1 receptor-mediated cell migration remains to be elucidated. β1 integrin is an essential regulator of the tumorigenic properties of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. To date, little is known regarding the association between the EP1 receptor and β1 integrin expression. The present study investigated the effect of EP1 receptor activation on β1 integrin expression and cell migration in NSCLC cells. A total of 34 patients with clinical diagnosis of NSCLC and 10 patients with benign disease were recruited for the present study. The expression levels of the EP1 receptor and β1 integrin expression were studied in resected lung tissue using immunohistochemistry. A statistical analysis was performed using Stata sel2.0 software. The effects of PGE2, EP1 agonist 17-phenyl trinor-PGE2 (17-PT-PGE2) and the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) inhibitor on β1 integrin expression were investigated on A549 cells. The expression of (31 integrin and the phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65 Ser536 was investigated by western blot analysis. Cell migration was assessed by a transwell assay. The results demonstrated that (31 integrin and EP1 receptor expression exhibited a positive correlation of evident significance in the 44 samples. The in vitro migration assay revealed that cell migration was increased by 30% when the cells were treated with 5 μM 17-PT-PGE2 and that the pre-treatment of β1 integrin monoclonal antibody inhibited 17-PT-PGE2-mediated cell migration completely. PGE2 and 17-PT-PGE2 treatment increased β1 integrin expression. RNA interference against the EP1 receptor blocked the PGE2-mediated β1 integrin expression in A549 cells. Treatment with 17-PT-PGE2 induced NF-κB activation, and the selective NF-kB inhibitor pyrrolidin-edithiocarbamate inhibited 17-PT-PGE2-mediated β1 integrin expression. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the PGE2 EP1 receptor regulates β1 integrin expression and cell migration in NSCLC cells by activating the NF-kB signaling pathway. Targeting the PGE2/EP1/β1 integrin signaling pathway may aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of this type of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]