Search

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally. The condition is both preventable and treatable yet remains a leading cause of cancer death in Ghana. This study aims to explore the unique experiences of women living with cervical cancer with a focus on the challenges and coping strategies. Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach with an exploratory, descriptive design. This study was conducted among women with cervical cancer aged 18 years and above who have been diagnosed with the disease for at least 3 months. A total of 16 participants were purposively sampled based on the eligibility criteria and individually interviewed using a semi-structured guide. The six-step technique for qualitative analysis by Braun and Clarke guided data analysis. Results: Most participants resorted to self-medication, over-the-counter drugs and herbal preparations as a first line of defense against the disease. The presence of cervical cancer affected participants' physical and mental well-being. Other challenges included financial burden and frequent equipment breakdowns which affected patients' treatment. Participants adopted different coping strategies such as taking blood tonic, increased rest and sleep, spiritual prayers and recreational activities. Family members, friends, the church and health workers provided support in the area of finance, advice, meal preparation and house chores, prayers and counseling to participants. Conclusions: Cervical cancer affects the quality of life of many women and their significant others. The condition puts a lot of financial burden on its victims and there is the need for a system to reduce the burden on patients. It is recommended that the treatment of cervical cancer should be covered by the National Health Insurance Scheme to ease the financial burden on patients. There is a need for expansion of access to cervical cancer treatment across the country to reduce patients' burden and relieve the pressure on the few pieces of equipment at the current treatment centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the diversity of the scientific and intellectual orientations and social needs of the regions they lived in, muhaddiths generally followed different methods in receiving, narrating, and compiling hadiths. This situation has made it difficult to make generalizations about muhaddiths and their works, and has sometimes led to prejudice and incorrect evaluations about them. In this study, common rules that must be followed by scholars in the fields of hadith receiving, hadith narration, and hadith classification have been examined, and the explanation of points that will enable maximum benefit from scholars and hadith works has been aimed. A scholar of hadith is not obligated to only receive authentic hadiths. Therefore, their general tendency has been to receive hadiths from everyone without distinguishing between weak and reliable narrators. As the muhaddith narrates, receiving and avoiding actions that would harm the continuity of the hadith is the primary duty of a muhaddith. If he adheres to this rule, it cannot be said that even receiving a narration that he knows to be incorrect would harm the integrity or accuracy of the muhaddith technically. The responsibility of a hadith narrator is to declare the chain of transmission of the hadith and to narrate it with a suitable level of accuracy. For scholars of hadith, it is important not only to narrate authentic hadiths but also to transmit hadiths with high chains of transmission and rare types of narrations that are not found in everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building off the recent work on the semantics of problem, we suggest a more general account that encompasses problems of all agents, human or nonhuman, individual or communal. Situation X is a problem for agent A, iff situation X is at odds with the agent's goal G and removing the discrepancy between X and G presents some difficulty for agent A. In addition, for agent A to actually have a problem, they must also be in such situation X. In contrast, agent A recognizes that situation X is a problem for them iff agent A represents, correctly or incorrectly, that situation X is at odds with their goal G, agent A represents, correctly or incorrectly, that removing the discrepancy between X and G presents some difficulty, and agent A represents, correctly or incorrectly, that they are in situation X. Several conclusions follow from these definitions. (1) Not every problem involves questions. (2) Not all problems involve undesirable states. (3) For an agent to consider a situation problematic, they should be aware of the situation; yet awareness of the situation is not necessary for an agent to have a problem or for a situation to be a problem for an agent. (4) Contexts need not be part of the problem: the context of a specific problem need not also be part of a more general problem. (5) The complete elimination of the discrepancy between a situation and a goal eliminates the problem, while the problem continues to exist when it receives a partial solution. (6) For something to be a problem, it does not have to be solvable, and the agent does not have to accept that something needs to be done about it, nor should they use the language of ameliorable/solvable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify students' geographical creative thinking ability (GCTA) and analyze teachers' problems in developing GCTA for high school students in the diamond panning area, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan. This research method is a quantitative method using survey techniques and a qualitative method using interview techniques. The research sample consisted of 234 students and 11 geography teachers. The results of the research show that most of the GCTA in the diamond panning area of Banjarbaru City have a fairly creative predicate of 39.7% and a less creative predicate of 35.5%. Another finding was that high school GCTAs in city centers far from diamond panning had higher GCTAs in terms of fluency, flexibility and elaboration. However, in terms of originality, suburban students near the panning area had better results. Most teachers have implemented the development of students' GCTA, but have encountered challenges and obstacles. The findings in this research can provide input to schools, teachers in particular, and related institutions to provide the best solutions in the form of new policies, such as making a curriculum that is relevant to the needs of students and teachers in terms of developing creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant development and crop productivity are drastically reduced worldwide due to biotic and abiotic stresses and their unexpected combinations. The various chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, and phyto-regulators) and genetic engineering techniques employed to date to improve crop tolerance to multiple stresses have a negative influence on the environment and are time-consuming. This has accelerated efforts to find more eco-friendly ways to control plant stress. Chitosan is a biopolymer which is largely extracted from the deacetylation of chitin and appears as a viable tool to overcome these problems in search of a more environmentally acceptable solution. Due to its biocompatibility, eco-friendly and economic nature, become one of the most popular biopolymers used in agriculture. Chitosan also activates a defence mechanism by signal transduction pathway and transduces secondary molecules of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Application of chitosan before subjecting to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, and heat has been shown to stimulate plant growth and enhance the production of antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites, and abscisic acid. In drought, it helps to accumulate osmo-protectants to maintain the water potential of plant cells. On the other hand, plant responses towards chitosan are varying based on its structures, doses, developmental stages and crop type. Keeping these facts in mind this review has written with the objective to update the recent studies on chitosan, its various sources and its effective concentrations in different crops, mechanism of action against biotic and abiotic stress management to improve crop production in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this literature review was to perform an analysis of Computational Thinking (CT) definitions, aiming to find points of convergence among the 62 analyzed definitions. The publication year, authors, and country of origin of the first author were considered as variables to understand the behavior of the CT construct, assuming different perspectives proposed from 2006 to 2022. To achieve this purpose, five sources of information were reviewed, and 62 articles that presented a definition of CT were selected. According to the results, the years with the highest number of proposals were 2015 and 2017. The countries with the most publications featuring definitions were the United States, followed by Spain. The most representative authors were Jeannette Marie Wing, Cynthia Selby, and Francisco José García-Peñalvo. Regarding the analysis of the words, two lines stand out: one corresponds to approaches related to informatics, computing, technology, or programming, and the other assumes the absence of these terms. It is important to highlight the prominence of the word "problem(s)," which appeared with a frequency of 89% in the analyzed articles' definitions, and the word "solve(s)" with 54%. In line with the results, it is concluded that there is diversity in the proposals to define CT, making it challenging to find a point of convergence. Therefore, it is concluded that those interested in investigating the construct can adopt the definition that suits their research needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reveals the problems of teaching vocabulary among non-Arabic speaking students, as applied to specialized institutes in Saudi Arabia. The types of these problems, their description, classification, causes, and treatments are listed. Following the descriptive approach based on analysis; Because it is closest to the nature of the study, it used as research tools a questionnaire for learners and an interview with professors. To find out their views on these problems, the study sample consisted of (58) learners, from the third level, and (36) teachers, in institutes specialized in teaching the Arabic language to nonnative speakers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to: identify the problems of teaching vocabulary among learners of the Arabic language as non-native speakers. Revealing its causes and how to treat it. Among the most prominent findings that I reached are: that there are two types of vocabulary: active and passive, and that one word may be active for one person and inactive for another, and that derivation helps in clarifying the meanings of new words, and that the non-Arabic speaking learner finds it difficult to understand new vocabulary, and that most students use Their mother tongue helps in understanding vocabulary, and one of the causes of problems in teaching vocabulary among non-Arabic speakers is: processing an unlimited number of vocabulary at one time. Expressions are fragmented, and they are not processed in their complete forms. Teaching vocabulary in unnatural contexts. At the end of the study, recommendations were made, including: the need for vocabulary to be appropriate to the students’ level. And taking into account the sequence in the vocabulary lesson (presentation, training, evaluation). And using modern methods in teaching Arabic vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In democracies, elections in which voters elect their leaders and hold them accountable are the most important part of the democratic process. This study is about the people who work on the frontline of democracy and who play a major role in elections, namely poll workers. Surprisingly little is known about how poll workers evaluate elections, and we provide a detailed analysis of poll workers' views of how elections work in Sweden. We do this by reporting and analysing the results from a survey conducted among poll workers in Sweden shortly after the 2022 election. The results show that although many types of polling station-related problems were rare, some problems occurred to a greater extent than we expected. It is also clear that many of the problems had a negative impact on the poll workers' evaluations of the quality of the voting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the summer of 2022, statutory health insurance in Germany reimburses the costs of using non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), a new technology used in prenatal testing, in 'justified individual cases'. Analysing moments in the long debate on NIPT in Germany through the framework of bioconstitutionalism and with pragmatic lenses helps us to understand how and why this comparatively unique reimbursement decision became a reasonable and moral one. Conflicts and conversations in these moments reveal two competing definitions and visions of human life relating to measures deemed desirable and legitimate to protect that life. Actors articulating a liberal bioconstitutional vision framed NIPT as a biomedical technology that could protect the lives of foetuses and enable women to exercise their right to know without putting their pregnancy at risk. Actors foregrounding a societal bioconstitutional vision framed NIPT as a selective technology and spoke in the name of all those lives that would be affected by the direct and indirect consequences of NIPT. When public health care authorities endorsed NIPT as a biomedical technology to be reimbursed in individual cases, they sought to reconcile elements of both visions. The case of Germany shows that enduring controversies on reproductive technologies can put constraints on what state authorities are allowed to do. It also suggests that moral controversies on reproductive technologies and the salience of private markets of reproductive care might be the two sides of the same coin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era, the administrative authority exercises many functions with the expansion of its field of activity. This development in the functions and status of administration confirms its independence and provides it with freedom and independence in exercising its powers, which creates problems that arise from these actions . Research objectives: This research seeks to achieve a number of objectives, including clarifying the concept of administrative contracts and explaining the systemic problems of those actions or actions, then explaining how to address the systemic problems in administrative contracts, and explaining the judicial treatment of the systemic problems contained in administrative contracts . Research Methodology: In this research, the researcher followed the analytical approach, collecting scientific material from the original sources. With regard to the statements of the commentators on the systems, the researcher documented every statement written by them directly or referred to the system and the article number in the margin, formulating the research in an accurate and clear scientific manner, documenting the research information in accordance with According to scientific research methods and in accordance with the terms of publication in the journal, adherence to grammatical and spelling rules, and placement of punctuation marks . One of the most important results is that the actions and actions issued by the administration are either legal actions, which are represented by administrative decisions and administrative contracts, or they are material actions, which are those actions that are not authenticated by the description of administrative decisions or administrative contracts, whether those actions are issued by the will of those The administrative body, or it was signed without the will of the administration, and the most important thing that distinguishes the administrative contract from other contracts is the presence of the administration as a party to the contract, and the administration in those contracts enjoys broad powers and authorities, including oversight, guidance, penalties, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesParticipantsMethodsResultsConclusionsTo estimate the one-month prevalence of problematic psychological symptoms among Canadian postsecondary students, and to compare the prevalence by student characteristics.Three samples of students from two postsecondary institutions.In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017, we measured self-reported problems related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress using questions from the functioning module of the WHO Model Disability Survey. We used modified Poisson regression modeling to compute prevalence ratios (95%CI) to compare the prevalence by student characteristics.Our study included 1392 students (participation rate 35%–77%). Across samples, the one-month prevalence of moderate-extreme problems ranged from 50.8%–64.7% for anxiety, 41.2%–60.8% for stress, and 29.4%–43.6% for depression. Such problems were consistently more prevalent among females, poor-quality sleepers, students with food insecurity and those with insufficient social support.Significant burden of problems related to psychological symptoms exists within the postsecondary student population and varies by student characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a class of graphs H , the problem ⊕ Sub (H) is defined as follows. The input is a graph H ∈ H together with an arbitrary graph G. The problem is to compute, modulo 2, the number of subgraphs of G that are isomorphic to H. The goal of this research is to determine for which classes H the problem ⊕ Sub (H) is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT), i.e., solvable in time f (| H |) · | G | O (1) . Curticapean, Dell, and Husfeldt (ESA 2021) conjectured that ⊕ Sub (H) is FPT if and only if the class of allowed patterns H is matching splittable, which means that for some fixed B, every H ∈ H can be turned into a matching (a graph in which every vertex has degree at most 1) by removing at most B vertices. Assuming the randomised Exponential Time Hypothesis, we prove their conjecture for (I) all hereditary pattern classes H , and (II) all tree pattern classes, i.e., all classes H such that every H ∈ H is a tree. We also establish almost tight fine-grained upper and lower bounds for the case of hereditary patterns (I). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has threatened agri-food sector in countless ways. Various intellectuals fear that if it prevails for long, it might lead to shortage of agricultural inputs coupled with labor shortages, stressed supply chains, price hikes and food insecurity. This paper adds to the existing literature in the agri-business domain through unraveling the imbroglio of similar challenges and shedding light on the practical solutions which shall ultimately pave path for better agricultural systems. It further illustrates how important it is for the governments to bat for the emerging opportunities and score for the robust, efficient and resilient future with the help of QDA software Atlas.ti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffaloes can adapt to different regional and climatic conditions, yield high quality milk and meat products and are suitable for organic animal husbandry, which provides significant advantages in livestock raising. In this study, a total of 122 buffalo breeders living in the center of Sivas province, Şarkışla and Suşehri districts were examined in terms of age, gender, educational level and satisfaction with breeding buffaloes, reasons for breeding, problems encountered in breeding and expectations using a survey. The participants were mostly middle-aged individuals (89.3%). It was found that 67.2% of them graduated from primary school while 12.3% graduated from high school. It was revealed that the participants were breeding buffaloes in order to meet the daily needs of their homes (29%), were pleased with breeding them (91.8%) and had such positive views that they advised their children to breed buffaloes (62.7%). 64 % of the participants stated that they were satisfied with buffalo breeding for quality of dairy products and the high prices of these products. The buffalo breeders reported their breeding problems as high costs of fodder (35%), low meat price (25%) and the lack of market (10%) while they predicted that the buffalo breeding may become more profitable (95.6%) with the help of solutions to be made by the authorities. In order to achieve this aim, the breeders declared their demands to increase prices of their products sold in the market (34.4%), and loan limits for purchasing fodder and husbandry (33.7%). A significant relationship was found between the participants' gender and the views that their work could be made profitable (p<0.001). It was also revealed that there was a significant relationship between the satisfaction level of the participants and recommending breeding buffaloes to their children (p<0.05) and the views that their work could be made profitable (p<0.001). When the problems of buffalo breeders in Sivas province, expectations from the authorities and solutions to be offered are considered as a whole, it can be interpreted that increasing the quality of production, preference of conscious breeding practices in animal selection, pricing that will guarantee production and developing new marketing opportunities will be beneficial to overcoming problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching Arabic holds a pivotal role within Faculties of Theology. Numerous studies on Arabic instruction in these faculties assert that students perceive this education as inadequate, with the desired level of success remaining elusive for years and, in some cases, regressing in a negative direction. Instead of attributing the challenges solely to issues related to students, teachers, or the system, a more meaningful approach involves a holistic examination of the problem's background. Based on this need, this study aims to identify the problems encountered in Arabic language teaching in the Faculties of Theology in Turkey and to determine the dimensions of these problems. In addition, the concluding section includes various suggestions for solutions to these problems. This study, which is important in addressing and solving the problems related to Arabic language teaching in Faculties of Theology from a holistic perspective, utilized the "metasynthesis method". Through this method, the studies' findings on the relevant subject were brought together, analyzed, and synthesized from a broader and higher perspective. The unique aspect of this research is that it brings together the studies on the researched topic, analyzes and evaluates the common themes in these studies, and provides in-depth information that a single study cannot provide. In this study, 151 studies were reached by conducting a wide literature review on research conducted between 1996 and 2024 in various databases using keywords. These studies were analyzed in terms of multiple aspects such as research questions, data collection techniques, and reported findings, and the studies to be included in the research were determined. The main criterion for including the studies was that they were field studies on the problems experienced in Arabic language teaching in the Faculties of Theology. In addition, for the studies to be qualified and the data to be analyzed in depth, the sample size criteria recommended in the literature were also followed. Fifteen qualified studies that met these criteria were identified and included in the sample of this study. The study applied the "thematic analysis" technique recommended in meta-synthesis studies to identify themes and categories. Three main categories and 18 sub-themes emerged from this analysis. Within the category of "problems arising from the instructors," the study highlights issues such as the implementation of lessons using a grammar-oriented lecture method, deficiencies in developing students' Arabic speaking and self-expression skills, and a lack of support for the teaching process with tools and materials beyond the textbook. Meanwhile, the "problems arising from the students" category illuminates themes of students' negative attitudes toward the Arabic language, often perceiving it as difficult, and their lack of motivation. In the category titled "problems arising from the educational institution," the study reveals noteworthy challenges, including overcrowded classrooms and the discontinuation of Arabic lessons after the preparatory class. By shedding light on these issues, the study aims to contribute valuable insights to improve the teaching of Arabic within the Faculties of Theology, fostering a more effective and engaging learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 21st century, China’s overall national strength has increased continuously. With the rapid development of the tourism industry, people have an increasingly strong demand for travel. Firstly, tourists’ satisfaction to Lianqingshan Scenic Spot was surveyed, and then the types of tourism resources, current development situation and problems in the scenic spot were analyzed. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions for its development and quality improvement were put forward. It is found that based on the environmental quality, safety and service quality of Lianqingshan Scenic Spot, the basic situation of the development of the scenic spot was investigated, and the comprehensive satisfaction of each item is 3.30, 3.24 and 3.32. The tourists of the scenic spot is mainly from Tengzhou City and its surrounding cities, and the popularity of the scenic spot is relatively low. The management personnel of the scenic spot needs to increase the tourist flow by improving its exposure. The problems of the scenic spot include low popularity, poor environmental quality, low safety of tourists, poor operating condition of catering industry and service quality of service personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Firefighters (FF) must be prepared to provide qualified first aid (QFA) to all burn victims including children. The relatively infrequent contact between FF and a burned child may create some difficulties in providing QFA. Aim. To identify the FF problems during providing QFA to burned children. Material and methods. The study was carried in the period 1.06-30.07.2021 among 66 FF who provided QFA to burned victims. The survey participants were divided into two groups: GI-37 FF-paramedic and GII-29 FF. Results. QFA was provided to children by 9/66 FF. Knowledge of the assessment of the effect of burn severity on shock and hypothermia was demonstrated by only 36% of respondents. GII FF were more likely to correctly indicate the burn area predisposing to shock in children (p=0.04) and equally to indicate hypothermia (p=0.46). Severe burns were correctly indicated by 51% of respondents, cooling time for burns covering over 10%TBSA by 15%, the extent of a burn in a 4-year old child by 76%, while in an infant - 15%. Regardless of the difficulty (3), the equipment made available was considered sufficient by 97% of participants (p=0.86). Conclusions. 1. The level of knowledge of the respondents on the principles of providing assistance to burn victims in children, regardless of their qualifications and experience is insufficient. 2. The training programme of rescuers should be further specified with regard to the peculiarities of pediatric age, especially cooling, assessment of the extent of the burn and the risk of shock and hypothermia in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the integrated development of the tea and tourism ha become an important way to promote the rural revitalization of Tai'an tea-producing areas, but the state of industrial upgrading stiil needs to be improved. In order to better integrate tea and tourism in Tea Valley, this paper uses questionnaire and SWOT analysis to study. It found the following problems: (i) 45.7% of tourists were interested in tea culture, but they Know liitle about it, and the integration of tea culture and tea tourism products is low. (ii) 58. 54% of the tourists were interested in the tea picKing experience project and wanted to add the tea food experience item. (iii) The acceptance of45.7% of tourists to scenic spots was 1 - 2 h, which shows that the quality of transportation service facilities and personnel needs to be improved. Combined with the SWOT analysis s it is found that the scenic spot is rich in resources s convenient transportation, profound cultural heritage, and good government policy support conditions which is suitable for the SO strategy (growth development strategy), so the scenic spot relies on intern! advantages and seizes external opportunities to develop the integration of tea and tourism. Based on the analysis results, it came up with the pertinent recommendations for the Key problems: (i) The infrastructure service is not well established. It is suggested that scenic spots should increase investment regularly train service personnel to improve their quality, and improve transportation services, accommodation, catering and public service hardware facilities. (ii) Tea tourism products are insufficient. It is suggested that tea tourism products should be innovatively designed and tea tourism experiential products and tourism commodities should be planned. (iii) Tea culture and tourism lacK organic combination. It is recommended to deeply excavate tea culture, and taKe consideration of both spiritual and material aspects. The specific methods include building teahouses, Taishan Mountain ( Mount Tai) tea culture throughout the whole procees of tea production, development and pro-ceesing, and AR tea culture experience haH can be built to make tourists feel tea culture from diferent perspectives. (iv) The publicity is insufficient. Strategies should be made in three aspects: improving the Internet media, taKing into account the traditional media, and expanding the marKet based on the surrounding areas. ( v) The tea industry chain is short. It is recommended to add four new industrial chain designs of " tea T accommodation, tea T catering tea T Internet t tea T training", hoping to bring some inspiration and idea to the managers of scenic spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, the volume and quality of information received from satellites to determine the water level of large lakes and reservoirs have significantly increased. At the same time, due to insufficient accuracy, the results of satellite measurements need an adjustment based on the comparison with ground-based observations. The latter not only allow evaluating errors in satellite data, but also serve as a kind of a benchmark for the development and adaptation of the methods of their correction. Such a methodology is being developed for several years jointly by the Laboratory of Space Geophysical and Oceanographic Studies (LEGOS, France) and the State Hydrological Institute. The paper analyzes the causes and sources of errors in satellite and ground data, the techniques for comparing and analyzing long-term series of these data, and the methods for adapting the results of satellite observations in order to improve their accuracy. The directions of further development of satellite altimetry are considered to increase the reliability of satellite data on the water level of inland water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. For human needs the amount of fresh water on earth is very low. The quality and quantity of water are important for human survival. Water is one of the most valuable natural resource on earth. The present study has been made to explore social implications of water scarcity on local community of tehsil Murree district Rawalpindi. Sample size of 100 respondents were selected through simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through interview guide, case study method and Focus Group Discussions. The study showed that poor and marginalized groups are on the frontline of water scarcity crisis, impacting their ability to maintain good health, protect their families and earn a living. For many women and girls, water scarcity means more laborious, timeconsuming water collection, putting them at increased risk of attack and often precluding them from education or work. It was found that women had to cover long distances on foot carrying heavy pitchers on their heads to fetch water from locally available water resources in the region. Due to this heavy pitchers' pregnant women face many difficulties and, in some cases, even had to lose their babies. It was also found that water fetching activity provided a platform for women to share all types of informal, formal and personal gossips. It was also observed that the lack of access to water can create social disparities in communities and it also affect the education of children because children must fetch water instead of going to school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curriculum is the guide that describes a learner's learning route and regulates the learning and teaching process. It recognizes critical learning and teaching areas, which describe in broad terms the information, attitudes, behaviours and abilities that all students and teachers must attain at a certain educational level. The objectives of this study were to discuss the problems of secondary school students in mathematics curriculum, to review curriculum of mathematics at secondary school (science group) and to measure the strengths and weaknesses of curriculum in implementation. A sample of 180 students from 3 different schools of district Dera Ghazi Khan was randomly selected by using sample random sampling technique. A questionnaire was developed to be used for the data collection from the students. The collected data was analyzed by using the SPSS-25. The findings of the study indicated that: most of the teachers did not use AV aids in teaching such as geometry boxes, only 5% of teachers solved examples before moving on to the exercise's questions, most of the teachers did not encourage students to ask questions, most students said that the curriculum matched their mental level, and the majority of respondents said that the curriculum in the book helped them to develop their critical thinking abilities. The results of this study may help teachers and scholars in resolving issues pertaining to mathematics curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: to analyse the development of artificial intelligence systems for automatic assessment of students' learning achievements. Methodology: to achieve this goal, the scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, content analysis, SWOT analysis, comparison, and typology were used. Results: it has been established that among the key advantages is a significant increase in the objectivity of the assessment of students' knowledge and skills. It is important to consider the acceleration of the process of checking the results, which saves time and effort for teachers. Another important advantage is the provision of real-time feedback during assessment. Scientific novelty: It has been established that one of the major problems is the possibility of bias and inequality in the educational system. Given that intelligent systems are based on certain algorithms, any bias or false information in the initial data can lead to biased results. Additional challenges include the excessive mechanisation of the assessment process, which does not always allow for the individual characteristics of each student, as well as ensuring appropriate protection of personal data. Conclusions: Intelligent student assessment systems are a powerful tool in countering corruption schemes in the educational system, especially in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents key problems and the most common disorders in the functioning of adult co-dependent people. The main aim of the research was to understand the functioning of co-dependent adults as family members with alcohol problems. Particular attention was paid to the problems experienced by co-dependent adults in their biological family, their own family and professional work. The empirical material was collected using an original survey questionnaire, which consisted of 40 questions. The selection of the sample for the study was purposeful, in which the researcher selected units that met the criteria he specified and had specific properties. The study involved 143 co-dependent people who live or lived (were raised) in a family with an alcohol problem. The research results prove that in all indicated areas, co-dependent people experienced various problems and functioning disorders. They show that co-dependent people require a holistic approach from social work to the individual experiencing a problem (addicted person or co-dependent person), focused on heterogeneous influence, which increases the chances of long-term independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of computational thinking has become one of the educational priorities in several countries around the world. In this article, two experiences are described in which two block programming tools are used. The first experience only used BlocksCAD, while the second added the use of Blockly and the work on some mathematical algorithms in a maths classroom. The number of participants in the experience was twenty-eight in the group that only used Blocky and thirteen in the group that combined the use of both tools, all of them of the third year of secondary education (between 14 and 15 years old) in a school in Spain. The results show that, although the use of Blocks-CAD alone allows an increase in the development of CT, if other resources such as Blockly are also used in the mathematics classroom, the effect is multiplied. In addition, considering the satisfaction results of the participants in the experience, together with the possibility of printing their own creations through 3D modelling (a fact claimed by the students themselves), this encourages us to continue using both tools and even to try to combine them with other tools and to design experiences that encompass entire academic courses or, at least, entire trimesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the significance of character education in society, specifically in the context of Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. It emphasizes the role of family, school, and community in shaping individuals' character and addresses the importance of creating a supportive environment. The research focuses on identifying relevant character values and their impact on social problems. Additionally, the document discusses the relationship between character education and spiritual and religious values, as well as the connection between character education and addressing societal issues such as poverty, education, and unemployment. The authors stress the need for character education to be implemented by various sectors and educational institutions to improve the quality of education and overall welfare in the community. [Extracted from the article]

Issue competition theories posit that political parties have little incentive to emphasize the same issues, because they mostly benefit from emphasizing issues where they are viewed as more competent. In contrast, a number of empirical studies find considerable overlap in parties' issues emphasis. Aiming to bridge this peculiar gap, this paper suggests that the development of exogenous problems is one factor that constrains parties' incentives to talk past each other. Using comprehensive data on party attention to ten issues across six West European countries from approximately 1980 and onwards, the analysis shows that problems moderate the relationship between parties' issue reputations and their issue emphases. When problems are moderate, parties selectively focus on different issues, but when problems become severe, parties across the board attend to an issue. That even includes parties that do not own the issue. These results have reassuring implications for parties' responsiveness to societal problems that negatively affect the welfare of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rural industries in Bijie City of Guizhou Province leads the comprehensive rural revitalization with industrial re- vitalization, takes high-quality development as the overall guide, focuses on industrial scale, standardization, branding, and marketization, and strives to extend the industrial chain and enhance the value chain to achieve the prosperity of rural industries. In this study, it investigated the current situation of rural industry development in Bijie City (improving the quality and efficiency of characteristic industries, expanding the quantity and efficiency of agricultural products processing industry, recruiting and cultivating large business entities, expanding and strengthening the brand of agricultural products, and upgrading the rural tourism). Through analysis, it found that there are problems such as small scale of production enterprises, insufficient cultivation of independent brands, short industrial chain, low added value, weak market expansion ability, imperfect interest connection mechanism, and insufficient participation of farmers. Finally, it came up with countermeasures for the development of rural industries in Bijie City, including improving supporting facilities and building an extension base; strengthening leading enterprises and focus on deep processing; highlighting regional characteristics and paying close attention to the docking of production and marketing; enhancing the characteristic brand and strengthening the support of science and technology; promoting collaboration and support, and making innovation in the connection of interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer review has developed over time to become the established procedure for assessing and assuring the scientific quality of research. Nevertheless, the procedure has also been variously criticized as conservative, biased, and unfair, among other things. Do scientists regard all these flaws as equally problematic? Do they have the same opinions on which problems are so serious that other selection procedures ought to be considered? The answers to these questions hints at what should be modified in peer review processes as a priority objective. The authors of this paper use survey data to examine how members of the scientific community weight different shortcomings of peer review processes. Which of those processes' problems do they consider less relevant? Which problems, on the other hand, do they judge to be beyond remedy? Our investigation shows that certain defects of peer review processes are indeed deemed irreparable: (1) legitimate quandaries in the process of fine-tuning the choice between equally eligible research proposals and in the selection of daring ideas; and (2) illegitimate problems due to networks. Science-policy measures to improve peer review processes should therefore clarify the distinction between field-specific remediable and irremediable flaws than is currently the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood is considered one of the most important stages that a person goes through in his life, as he is most susceptible to beinginfluenced bythe various factors that surroundhim,which highlightsthe importance of the girst five years in being influenced by the various factors that surround him, which highlights the importance of the first five years in forming his personality in a way that leaves its impact on him throughout his life and his upbringing taskes place in his seventeenth cycle, it is necessary to take care of pre- school childern and apply a flexible program based on the child's activity, sufficient according to his physiological, emotional and mental needs. The main obejective may determine the proplems facing practitioners when using the status management model with valuable children's protection committees and through this is achieved by identifying problems due to specialist and committees to use case management and children's management model to use this model and identify returns for the family to use case management model as well as identify problems facing to use the status management model with child protection committees at risk. This study has applied for 31 social and psycholofy within the protection committees at risk of care for institutional care and this study depends on the comprehensive social survey approach because they are more appropriate for the current study and have been used study tools, including a questionnaire for social and psychologists through the initial data, social and psychologists and problems facilitated and the results of the study continued to problems facing practitioners when using case management model with child protection committees the results of the study, the problems of social and human specialists and children themseleve, as well as family and society, the study has continued to meet the practitioners point of limitation of obstacles facing when using the status management model with the protection of children at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in cancer treatment have led to new treatment options. Since 1953, oral chemotherapy has been used. The first oral chemotherapy agents were mercaptopurine and methotrexate, followed by capecitabine in 1998. In the early 2000s, approximately 5% of the treatments used were oral chemotherapy, in 2007 this rate was 17%. This rate is expected to reach approximately 30% soon. In the treatment of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, kidney and prostate cancers, targeted drugs, hormonal chemotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy are frequently used alone or in combination. When the mechanisms of oral chemotherapy drugs are examined, it is known that they act through 3 basic mechanisms: surface proteins, tumor biological pathways and receptortargeted small molecule inhibitors. Capecitabine, busulfan and melphalan, among the conventional chemotherapy drugs, can be shown among the drugs frequently used orally in the clinic. Gefitinib, imatinib, erlotinib and sunitinib was among the first oral agents to be used as a targeted agent. Since patients using oral chemotherapy take their medication at home. The frequency of doctor's visits sometimes varies according to the re-prescription of the medication, the patient has less under the supervision of health professionals than the patient using intravenous medication, and this leads to the patient having an important role in the management of his/her treatment. Among the advantages of oral chemotherapy; are being comfortable and easy to apply, taking the drug at home, the patient's self-management, lack of problems related to the use of venous catheter, low toxic effect, effect on quality of life, cost-reducing aspect, increased participation in daily and social activities, and reduction of personnel allocation for the patient receiving inpatient treatment in the clinic. Toxic effects due to wrong and inappropriate drug use, failure to ensure safety in antineoplastic drug administration by the patient and his family (exposure to waste), food interactions (inability to adjust the usage interval of the drug) and drug interactions (increase in polypharmacy drug use due to other accompanying diseases) are among the disadvantages of oral chemotherapy. Access to medicine, compliance problems, polypharmacy, drug interactions, nutrient interactions, safe drug use and adverse effect problems are among the common problems encountered in the use of oral chemotherapy. Strategies that can be applied to properly manage the problems that arise during the use of oral chemotherapy include: treatment dosage schedules should be given to all patients clearly and understandably, they should be taught what to do in case of missing a dose or vomiting, they should be educated about heat, light and storage conditions, all prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, supplements and alternative treatment products should be checked by the pharmacist for interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the growing demand for land resources due to the acceleration of new industrialization and urbanization, strictly adhering to the red line of arable land and ensuring food security has increasingly become a major issue of common concern across the country. Based on the new requirements for land use transformation after China has entered a new stage of high-quality development, this paper proposes a path choice for promoting land use transformation to ensure food security in Yunnan on the basis of sorting out the research results of land use transformation and analyzing the food security situation in Yunnan, focusing on stabilizing the grain production capacity, making every effort to strengthen the granary on the plateau, ensuring that Yunnanese is self-sufficient in their own grain, and striving to make more significant con)tributions to ensuring the national food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward, China has actively engaged in innovation cooperation with coconstruction countries and regions, and has made gratifying achievements in basic scientific research, technology transfer and transformation, the cooperation network and platform base construction. At present, new changes and situations in the political and economic landscape worldwide have put forward higher requirements for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. Therefore, high-quality joint construction of Belt and Road needs to sum up the experience and identify areas of cooperation. In this context, the study summarizes the current situation and main challenges of S&T innovation construction of the Belt and Road, evaluates the key areas and tasks of future S&T innovation cooperation, and further proposes specific innovation cooperation mechanisms and directions based on the strategic needs and development foundation of co-construction countries and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate whether the attitudes and perceptions of participants towards the "physical education and game" lesson had changed after the pandemic. Convenient sampling technique was used to determine the research group comprising classroom teachers actively working within Gümüşhane center and its districts during the 2022-2023 academic year. The study will analyze if there were any significant changes in their views and opinions. A total of 240 classroom teachers participated in the study, of whom 57.1% were female and 42.9% were male. Descriptive statistical methods including arithmetic mean and standard deviation, as well as normal distribution criteria such as kurtosis and skewness values, were utilized. Additionally, t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation tests were employed to analyze the personal information and scale responses of the participants. The research findings indicate that classroom teachers hold positive attitudes towards physical education and game lessons, with few issues encountered. Variations in classroom teachers' attitudes and problem perceptions towards physical education and game lessons exist across certain variables. Furthermore, 81.7% of said teachers believe it is appropriate for physical education and game lessons to be administered by subject-specific educators. Correlation analysis has demonstrated that as classroom teachers' attitudes towards physical education lessons improve, their problem perceptions decrease. In terms of other studies in the literature, it can be concluded that physical education and games teachers' attitudes increased and their perception of problems decreased after the pandemic. The study highlights a significant gap in determining the attitudes and challenges faced by classroom teachers towards physical education and sports lessons after the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This current study is designed to incorporate sericin protein as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent to synthesize sonication‐mediated silver nanoparticles. Fabrication of sericin‐reduced silver nanoparticles (Sr‐AgNPs) is confirmed using UV–visible spectrophotometry, zeta sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). UV–Vis spectral peak of Sr‐AgNPs is observed at 420–440nm while the average size is found between 3 to 30 nm. SEM also confirms the reduction of large‐sized (1–40 µm) sericin macromolecules into nanometric hexagonal and triangular silver nanoparticles with a normal distribution (polydispersity index > 0.5). FTIR peaks from 500 to 4000cm−1 are analyzed for sericin while Sr‐AgNPs peaks with minor shifts (700–1000 cm−1 (COOCO stretching) in Sr‐AgNPs) are also observed. XRD peaks of 2θ at 27° with multiple low peaks at 38.2°, 47°, 49°, and 63.8° authenticate the amorphous nature of sericin and sharp peaks at 36°, 48°, 54.3°, and 61.9° with miller indices (hkl) of 98, 111, 200, and 211, assess the crystalline structure of Sr‐AgNPs. TGA reveals that sericin enhances the stability of silver NPs at high temperature (200–600 °C) by lowering the percentage weight loss from 70–80% to 60–65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review of the available information on the state of Primary Health Care (PHC) from the „Health Systems in Transition" publication series of the „European Observatory for Health Systems and Policies" identified significant weaknesses in the organization of the implementation of this key activity. The purpose of the research is to outline the scope of the problems in the PHC, their repetition and similarity in the individual European countries and their interrelationship with the other units of the health system. An analysis was made of the official documents (reports) on the health systems of 17 European countries. The traditional method of document analysis and Content-analysis were used. The main most characteristic health-organizational problems in the provision of PHC for each of the seventeen countries are identified. The significant recurrent problems are grouped into the following categories (significant units): existing and/or impending deficiency of general practitioners (GPs), difficult access to GPs due to regional and social inequalities, aging of GPs and insufficient recruitment of young doctors; direct access of patients to specialized medical care. Based on the analysis, the conclusions of the study were drawn. The established scope and significance of the problems in the provision of PHC in the countries of the European region, the ascertained dependence on the socio-economic and demographic status of the countries are reasons for timely changes in the health systems of the affected countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageing is a universal and socially constructed phenomenon. Old age is a natural stage phenomenon in the life of every human being. Theoretically, it precedes spontaneously right from a person's moment of birth. Ageing comes to all organisms as a process of regular change that is invariably accompanied with clear and manifest decline in psychological competency. In India, people who have attained 60 years and above are defined as elderly. It is more a social construct rather than a biological stage. The process of ageing is a very individualistic phenomenon. But throughout the world, large numbers of older persons face challenges such as discrimination, poverty and Abuse that severely restrict their human right and their contribution to society. Human Rights are the basic rights which fundamentally and inherently belong to each individual. Thus, Human Right is fundamental rights which human being possesses by fact being human. According to United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, include cultural, economic and political rights, such as right to life, liberty, education and equality and right of association, belief, free speech, information, religion movement and nationality. This paper try to analyse / examine the available laws, policies and protection of the human rights of old age person in Assam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents two basic aspects – internal and external – of challenges and problems, as “viruses” in priestly formation. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the first part of the paper analyzes the recognition of challenges and problems in priestly formation. In the second part, attention is paid to external challenges and problems, namely: tension between the sacred and the secular, family crisis, and society’s anticlerical atmosphere. The third section deals with internal challenges and problems related to the identity crisis of priests, spiritual life, clericalism and careerism. The paper makes a critical examination of the role and service of priests in contemporary society. It reflects on the priesthood as a sociological-psychological phenomenon, but also on the supernatural character of the priesthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the technical applications and future expectations of the apricot growing enterprises in Isparta within the framework of their socio-demographic characteristics. The main material of the research was the data obtained by the survey method from 138 apricot farms located in the villages where apricot cultivation is intense in Yalvaç and Senirkent districts in Isparta province. The data obtained belonged to the production season of 2021. The farms used 1.97 hours of machine power, 27.57 hours of family labour and 27.00 hours of foreign labour per decare in apricot production. They applied 8.86 kg nitrogen, 12.92 kg phosphorus and 4.33 kg potassium as pure substance per decare in apricot orchards. There is a tendency for farms to continue apricot cultivation in the research region. In the region, land fragmentation was high and small-scale enterprises were dominant. Therefore, the awareness that natural resources are not unlimited should be increased and measures should be taken to protect soil and water. In addition, producer organization culture should be developed and encouraged. In order to prevent unconscious/wrong choices and practices of the producers, it is considered important to increase and expand the consultancy services provided by the institutions and organizations related to the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation banking has a history of nearly forty years in Turkey, including its predecessors, special finance houses. Despite this relatively long history, the point reached by the sector is discussed and criticized in many ways. Participation banking, known in the world as Islamic banking, is an important sub-field of Islamic finance. Interest in this has increased especially after the 2008 world financial crisis. In this context, the aim of this article is to identify today's participation banking problems in Turkey, both through the literature that has emerged with increasing interest since the aforementioned period, and through the users and employees from whom information was obtained through interviews, and to propose solutions. Therefore, the main methods of the article are literature research and e-mail interviews. Within the scope of the interviews, 23 users and 5 employees from the cities of Istanbul and Kayseri were interviewed. According to the findings obtained from the literature review, there has been no change in most of the problems expressed in the literature in the last ten years. The prominent ones are; inadequacy of ATMs and branches, lack of knowledge and belief of employees, and lack of product. In the interview study conducted on 28 people in total, the most prominent problem was the lack of knowledge and belief of the employees. The article ends with suggestions for solutions to the main problems identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statutory change in 1868 moved the places of execution on judicial warrant of a convicted person from an open venue to a closed prison room. The execution of Joseph Bell, one of the last such spectacles before a crowd, illustrates the demands made of local authority administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the introduction of the concept, content, conservation significance and species value of biodiversity, the cognition of the research content, analysis methods and research directions of biodiversity was deepened. In view of the problems faced by biodiversity conservation at present, such as the accelerated disappearance of species, the unsound protection regulation system, the irrational spatial pattern of species protection, and the lack of long-term follow-up research, specifi c improvement suggestions were put forward, and have a positive guiding signifi cance for future biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parent–child contact problems (PCCP) after separation and divorce are the focus of heated debate in academia and the popular media as to how best to identify, assess and respond to children who resist or refuse time with a parent. Practitioners disagree about the extent to which parental alienation (PA) is a valid and widespread phenomenon versus a legal strategy to counter IPV and child abuse allegations. This study sheds light on prevailing attitudes by surveying the opinions and beliefs of 1049 interdisciplinary family law professionals who deal directly with these matters in practice. These experienced practitioners were confident about their understanding of PCCPs despite little formal instruction on relevant issues. They were less clear about the differentiation between similarly used terms, research evidence, and interventions to address the problems. Emergent themes provide insight into practitioners' beliefs about the harm caused by a parent's alienating behaviors, the extent to which PA is a real phenomenon vs. a litigation strategy, the quality of social science empirical evidence, views of the child in PA cases, and recommended interventions. Responses demonstrate practitioners taking moderate positions that balance competing interests, struggling with ambiguities and contradictions rife in PA cases and PA‐related practice in family law. Key points for the family court community: Parental alienation (PA) controversy continues about the legitimacy of PA vs. the extent to which it serves as a legal defense strategy in parenting plan disputes.This largest survey to date found stratification across items as to high, majority or substantial minority consensus.Respondents believe that PA is a valid, multifactor construct that manifests across family structures, is distinct from parental undermining, and is highly destructive within the family.There was less clarity about definitions of related constructs, the quality of social science evidence, and preferred intervention options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to understand the health challenges suffered by elderly people during this pandemic (Vovid-19), which has taken a heavy toll on their lives and aggravated their problems further. A qualitative approach was utilized to collect data from elderly people in the region of Kashmir. A total often in-depth, open-ended interviews were conducted with elderly people aged 60 years and above. The data was analysed thematically and it was found that elderly people were facing several health problems due to the widespread pandemic. The harsh winter of Kashmir was also observed to be adding to the problems of the elderly people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China started the pilot project of subsidy on desertification land protection in 2013. It had been established that 71 national desertification regions were closed and protected, and followed up to monitor for several years in five northwest provinces, Inner Mongolia and Tibet since 2016, while the valuable research conclusion had not been stilly taken. In this paper, the related research and practice at domestic and abroad were reviewed. The four suggestions were put forward for the problem to be solved in time by discussing the closed target and theoretical carrying capacity, based on the key factors on affecting grassland vegetation, the more important issues and the effect of grazing prohibition and monitor as follow. 1) The achievement of investigation and monitor of closed sand land and grazing prohibition during the past years should be concluded in time for providing the basis for government management and improving the closed sand land and grazing prohibition scheme and the next decision-making. 2) The theoretical carrying capacity of desertification region should be determined, such as the actual safe carrying capacity by the basis of the theoretical carrying capacity. 3) In order to improve the practical value of monitoring data, the monitored plot should be compressed, and further revised the monitoring index system. 4) The monitoring research on the benefit of closed sand land and grazing prohibition should be shifted from monitoring the response of vegetation by grazing intensity in the past to monitoring the response of land desertification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important part of political parties' competition for votes is the extent to which parties avoid or engage the issues that rival parties talk about. Despite a large literature on this topic, it remains largely unknown when parties engage. Drawing on research on political attention allocation and party behaviour, this study argues that societal problems are a central source of issue engagement: The engagement is due to a pressure to not ignore electorally important problems. The analysis shows that issue engagement emerges because parties address the same issues in a negative development. Moreover, and particularly important for issue engagement, parties attend more to a negative development if other parties already attend to the development, particularly at elections. The argument is tested across 16 issue areas through the collection and coding of 5523 press releases from seven parties in Denmark at a quarterly level from 2004 to 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary translation is one of the most important ways to break down barriers between languages, as its mission is to convey the cultural aspects and beliefs of one people to another. For translating these works to look like the originals is not an easy task for humans, so imagine what would happen if they were given to machines! The researcher chose Naguib Mahfouz's novel Bayn Al-Qasrain ‘Palace Walk’ to study the differences between human and machine translation, so this study is based on comparing the results of human and machine translation of literary texts, in particular Naguib Mahfouz's novel Bayn Al-Qasrain ‘Palace Walk’, in addition to researching the strategies used by them. Finally, the researcher will shed light on the errors and problems faced by humans and machines in translating cultural expressions from Arabic into English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of this research lies in the fact that it is one of the scientific attempts that serve the sports field and its development, especially in rowing sport, and draws the attention of those in charge of rowing sport coaches to identify their problems, especially personal problems for the importance of improving the level of performance and .developing the professional level The research aimed to design a questionnaire to identify the personal problems of rowing coaches, and the research community reached (41) who were chosen by the comprehensive method of rowing coaches in the Arab Republic of Egypt, and the basic research sample reached (31) coaches with a percentage of (75.61%), and the exploratory sample reached ( 10) Ten coaches were randomly selected from within the research community and outside the main sample, with a rate of (24.39%) of the size of the research community. The researcher used the descriptive approach in its survey style due to its suitability to the nature of the study. The scientific method used the validity of the arbitrators, the validity of the content, and the validity of the internal consistency, and it calculated the stability of the scale using the Alpha Crone-Bach coefficient, and the half-partition between the two parts. SPSS to calculate the following statistical treatments: Arithmetic ff p C b h’ ph ff h u reached a questionnaire design N "Personal Problems of Rowing Sports Coaches", which succeeded in identifying the level of personal problems experienced by rowing coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at identifing the problems faced by the students of vocational education branches in Jordanian schools from the point of view of the teachers. The study followed the descriptive approach. The sample consisted of male and female teachers of vocational education in the Governorate of Jerash which are (70) teachers. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire consisting of (24) items was prepared. The results showed that teachers' estimates of the problems faced by the students in the branches of vocational education in Jordanian schools were high. The results did not show any statistically significant differences in the estimations of teachers of vocational education for the problems faced by students of the branches of vocational education in Jordanian schools due to gender and qualification. The study concluded with a set of recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's legal system governing fisheries in China has been stable during development. In line with China's national conditions and the spirit of the times, they have adhered to the concept of green development and maintaining the sustainable development of fishery production activities. Studying the history of Chinese fishery law is beneficial for the world to understand the evolution of this legislation and is a better gateway for the world to understand fisheries law with Chinese characteristics. Fishery, in this context, refers to fishing and fish farming. In China, fisheries are under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, while fisheries enforcement has a special law enforcement department for collaborative management. Therefore, both fishing and fish farming in China's fisheries industry belong to the category of agriculture. This is different from the West and is precisely what makes China unique. This paper explores the Chinese fishery legal and general legal systems by investigating policy guidelines, laws, and regulations on China's fishery industry since 1949. Furthermore, it analyzes the development process of fisheries. Organizing the development status of China's fishery legal and regulatory system analyzes the problems of fishery production control and development, searches for paths and methods to solve the practical problems, and finally, makes a reasonable outlook on the development prospect of China's fishery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]