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Summary: The increasing prevalence of MIMO technology in wireless communication networks is attributed to its ability to augment system capacity and dependability. Consequently, there is a notable enthusiasm for the advancement and implementation of S‐band applications. Nevertheless, the mutual coupling between numerous antennas presents a crucial obstacle to MIMO system performance. This paper presents a novel technique that utilizes a defective ground structure with parasitic components to increase antenna isolation and gain. Additionally, an L‐shaped slot is incorporated into the patch element to enhance the antennas impedance bandwidth. Antennas are intentionally placed in a perpendicular arrangement to minimize the impact of the coupling effects. The antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth in the frequency range of 2.62–2.79 GHz. Furthermore, the utilization of a four‐element MIMO antenna setup with a defective ground structure yields outstanding isolation properties, with values notably lower than −25 dB. To achieve an optimal MIMO performance, we assessed various diversity parameters, including diversity gain, channel capacity loss, total active reflection coefficient, and envelope correlation coefficient. The parameter values were within acceptable limits (ECC < 0.04, DG = 10 dB, TARC < 0 dB, and CCL < 0.1 bits/s/Hz). This research paper therefore offers essential insights into the design and optimization of MIMO antennas specifically for 2.7 GHz applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A shortage of feed resources poses challenges for sustainable livestock production. Researchers are increasingly investigating alternative feeds to replace conventional ones. Cashew nut meal (CNM), a by-product of the cashew nut kernel industry, is a promising alternative feed for ruminants owing to its good nutritive value. Due to limited research on optimal inclusion levels in ruminant diet, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating varying levels of CNM as a supplement on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics and digestibility. Methods: Seven distinct compounded feed mixtures (CFM) were formulated, with CNM progressively replacing 0 (C0), 10 (C1), 20 (C2), 30 (C3), 40 (C4), 50 (C5) and 60 (C6) per cent of the soybean meal (SBM) protein present in the control CFM. Additionally, seven experimental complete diets (T0 to T6) were prepared by blending these CFM with Super Napier (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum glaucum) hay in a 40:60 ratio. These CNM based complete diets were subjected to rumen in vitro gas production (IVGP) study with cumulative gas production (GP) measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 h post-incubation. Subsequently, in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) of the diets were determined using a modified in vitro two-stage technique. Later, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were estimated using gas chromatography. Result: Analysis of chemical composition revealed that CNM contains good protein of 256.5 g/kg. The potential gas production (D) and the rate and extent of gas production (c) for diets containing CNM ranged from 54.63 to 60.24 mL and 0.036 to 0.043 h-1, respectively. IVTDMD and NDFD analysis of the seven complete diets fell within the range of 79.12 to 80.80% and 64.72 to 66.47%, respectively. The estimated TVFA for seven complete diets ranged from 17.87 to 23.65 mM. Further, the metabolisable energy (ME) of diets ranged from 7.89 to 8.08 MJ/kg DM. Importantly, no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation kinetics parameters, IVTDMD, NDFD and TVFA among treatments (T0 to T6). CNM could be used as an alternative to SBM in compounded feed mixtures of ruminants up to 30% (w/w) without any adverse effect on rumen fermentation pattern and digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers used in industries at large scale. PUs are in used in the form of foam, elastomers, adhesives, fibers, thermosets, thermoplastics, etc. Polyols and isocyanates are the two compounds used to synthesize PU. Day by day increasing price of crude oil and its destructive impact on the environment motivate researchers to develop bio‐PU. Seed oils are attracting nowadays because of their renewability and low cost. They are the best substitutes for fossil fuel‐based polyol used in the preparation of PUs. However, these bio‐based PUs show lower thermal, mechanical properties, which needs improvement to further their utilization. The need to maintain a cleaner environment for the survival of both aquatic and terrestrial lives including human beings is very crucial and is a subject of increasing concern to the environmentalists. The removal of heavy metals, dyes, and organic pollutants from wastewater before their discharge in the environmental is very important due to its polluting effect on the underground water. This review article emphasizes on to provide insight on the developments in the field of chemistry, types, and synthesis of various PUs, as well as on the components used to synthesize bio‐based PUs and water treatment applications. Additionally, details on the PU's environmental friendliness are highlighted, with a focus on their potential to recycling and recovery. This review also highlights the details of the synthesis, uses, and potential futures of PU composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose is a promising future material which has got attention due to its unique characteristics. Properties which make nanocellulose special are the eco‐friendliness, high strength, stiffness, renewability, abundance, tunable surface characteristics, and low weight. This review addresses major factors like processing of nanocellulose, modification, properties, preparation of nanocomposites from nanocellulose, and their application in different fields. This review facilitates the selection of biomass sources, processing techniques for NC synthesis, application, and challenges. This review also emphasizes on different applications of nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites in different areas such as biomedical, packaging, electronic and environmental remediation, etc. Recent developments in the processing of cellulose nanocomposites using solution casting and other complex methods have been highlighted. As an emerging functional polymeric material, nanocellulose has become a research hotspot. The importance of nanocellulose in future includes the design of nanocellulose as per the specific user requirements, reduction of the production cost, and making customized products using nanocellulose using green processing. Hence this review is intended to provide new insights into the field of eco‐friendly fundamental materials with in‐depth perspectives and current research trends in its future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is the main allotropy of carbon which exhibits properties like super conductivity, high electron transfer, and large surface area. Porous graphene (PG) has unique porous structure and many exposed edges. In 2D graphene pore ranges from several angstroms to nanometers. Similar to 3D graphene, which also has a porous structure, there are four different types: foam, sponge, and graphene hydrogel (GH). Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are used to create PG. This review focuses on various methods of synthesis of PG along with its inherent properties and methods to modify its properties by surface functionalization. Emphasis is also given on the discussion of various techniques that are involved in the PG characterization. This article discusses the formation of hybrids, and composites using PG. Applications and limitations of PG have also been indicated. This review shows an extensive overview of the main principles and the recent synthetic technologies about fabricating various innovative 3D graphene‐based materials. Subsequently, recent progresses in electrochemical energy devices and hydrogen energy generation/storage are explicitly covered. The applications of PG and its composites in the fields such as energy storage, solar units, sensors, supercapacitors, etc. have been discussed The up to date progress for pollutants detection and environmental remediation are also reviewed. Finally, challenges and outlooks in materials development for different applications are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, nanocellulose (NC), modified nanocellulose (pM-NC) and MOF composites (ZIF-8/pM-NC) were synthesized from Moringa olifera seed pod and were used for the dye adsorption. Samples were synthesized in aqueous media by one pot green methods. The prepared nanocellulose crystals were phosphorylated using orthophosphoric acid. Nano-sized cellulose ester derivatives having phosphoryl side groups were synthesized by the green phosphorylation of nanocrystalline cellulose, using water, then processed with phosphoric acid. Phosphorylated nanocellulose was added in the ZIF-8 precursor solution and sonicated to make MOF- nanocellulose composites. Structural investigation was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), which indicated the progressive removal of non-cellulosic constituents. Morphological study was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the increased crystallinity with successive treatments. Removal efficiency of Rhodamine-B dye by nanocellulose, phosphorylated nanocellulose and ZIF-8/pM-NC was studied. Influence of dosage of the adsorbent, pH, temperature and time were analyzed for the cationic dye removal. Increase in pH 6–12 was accompanied by an increase in the rhodamine dye adsorption. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array have been used for designing the experiments and the most influenced factors were selected and modeled by the RSM (BBD) method to obtain the highest percentage of rhodamine dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New hybrid metal organic framework based polymer nanocomposite (ZIF-8/NC-PU) and interpenetrating polymer gel nanocomposites (NC-PU) were prepared for the adsorption of cationic (Rh-B) and anionic (IC) dyes from aqueous solution. The characterisation of the ZIF-8 based composites and gel composites is carried out using FT-IR and SEM analysis to investigate the chemical composition and morphology of the sample. Moringa oleifera seed pod based nanocellulose (5 wt%) is used as the filler in NC-PU gel composites and ZIF-8/NC-PU MOF composites. The optimal level of the most significant identified variables affecting the adsorption process were determined by the response surface methodology (RSM) using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design. Adsorption capacity increased with the increase in dosage of the adsorbent, pH and initial dye concentration. Plackett–Burman was performed for the experiments involving the dyes Rh-B and Indigo carmine dyes. It gave 12 experiments in each trials and resulted in 3 significant parameters. Box–Behnken was further used to determine the optimum parameters for the adsorption keeping PU weight percentage as 3. The percentage uptake predicted by the model is in good agreement with the experimental values. The findings assume that the adsorbents could be used effectively as highly efficient adsorbents for the removal of multiple dyes from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthritis, an inflammatory joint disease-causing synovial membrane inflammation, pain, and restricted movement, affects approximately 2% of the Indian population. This study systematically explores the synergistic anti-arthritic potential of a combined extract from Boswellia serrata and Melia azedarach. Phytochemical analysis of the extract identified coumarin, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins through TLC studies. The anti-arthritic assay, employing the protein denaturation method, determined IC50 values for the combined extract (BS&MA) and the reference standard (Diclofenac sodium) as 594.35µg/ml and 87.12µg/ml, respectively. Comparative analysis indicated moderate anti-arthritic activity for the combined extract in relation to diclofenac sodium. These preliminary findings warrant further in vitro investigations to substantiate and extend our understanding of the observed effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, polyurethane (PU)-based xerogels were synthesized by using the biobased polyol derived from chaulmoogra seed oil. These polyol was used for the preparation of PU xerogels using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate hard segment and polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) as soft segment with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2, 2, 2]octane as catalyst. Tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide were used as the solvents. Nanocellulose (5 wt %) prepared from bagasse were added as filler, and the obtained composite xerogels were evaluated for chemical stability. The prepared samples were also characterized by using SEM and FTIR. Waste sugarcane bagasse nanocellulose proved as a cheap reinforcer in the xerogel synthesis and for the adsorption of Rhodamine-B dye from the aqueous solution. The factors that affect the adsorption process have been studied including the quantity of the adsorbent (0.02–0.06 g), pH (6–12), temperature (30–50) and time (30–90). Central composite design for four variables and three levels with response surface methodology has been used to get second-order polynomial equation for the percentage dye removal. RSM was confirmed by the measurement of analysis of variance. Increase in the pH and quantity of the adsorbent was found to increase the sorption capacities of the xerogel (NC-PUXe) towards rhodamine B, maximum adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we used radical polymerization to create poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-poly (sodium acrylate) [PNIPAM-co-PSA] hydrogels and analyzed the resulting products. N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide was employed as a cross-linker, ammonium persulfate as an initiator, and N,N′-isopropyl acrylamide and sodium acrylamide as monomers. Structural analysis was measured by using FT-IR. Indeed, SEM analysis was used to characterize the morphological structure of the hydrogel. Studies on swelling were also done. The Taguchi approach was used to study and assess the adsorption studies of the hydrogels for the efficient removal of malachite green and methyl orange. For the optimization, a central composite surface methodology was applied. The effect of several parameters, including adsorbent dosage, pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, time, and mixing speed, was examined using the Taguchi technique, and the primary factors were chosen and examined using the central composite surface methodology. It was discovered that MG dye's (cationic) removal efficiency was higher than that of MO dye's (anionic). The results suggest that [PNIPAM-co-PSA] hydrogel can be used as an effective, alternative and promising adsorbent to be applied in the treatment of effluents containing the cationic dyes from wastewater. The synthesis of hydrogels provides a suitable recyclability platform for the adsorption of cationic dyes and allows for their recovery without the use of powerful reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study nanocellulose and carboxylated nanocellulose of Hybrid Napier CO5 grass and Desmostachya Bipinnata grass were prepared and used as an adsorbent for water treatment. Conventional acid hydrolysis was used to extract cellulose from Desmostachya Bipinnata grass and green eco-friendly hydrogen peroxide bleaching method and meghamite as catalyst was used to extract nanocellulose from hybrid napier CO5. Catalytic conversion of Hybrid Napier CO5 green grass CMF to nanocellulose involves a one pot synthesis carried out by the cleavage of beta 1,4 glycosidic bond within the cellulosic network. Maghemite (ϒ-Fe2O3) has shown to be a good catalyst for the conversion of CMF to nanocellulose wherein depolymerisation of cellulose occurs. Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed the needle like CNC and rod like CMF indicating the formation of nanocellulose. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the amorphous region was eliminated during acid hydrolysis which led to more crystallinity in CNC than CMF. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FT-IR) showed the chemical composition of raw and modified nanocelluloses, which were identical but quite different from respective raw samples. FT-IR and XRD confirms the formation of nanocelulose of hybrid napier after the treatment with the catalyst. Both the modified fodder grass nanocelluloses have shown good adsorption efficiency towards the adsorption of Evans blue dye. The prepared adsorbents are recyclable with good adsorption efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Copper (Cu) is an essential trace mineral for growth, production and health of poultry. Due to its poor absorption from inorganic source which is common supplemental form, large amount of Cu is excreted in the excreta. This experiment was conducted to assess the bioavailability of Cu from organic and nano sources at lower level of supplementation to reduce the excretion level without compromising the growth performance of chicken. Methods: A total of 420-day-old Giriraja chicks were randomly assigned to 7 treatment groups having 4 replicates each (15 chicks per replicate). The basal diets of both chick (0-6 weeks) and grower phases (7-10 weeks) were supplemented with 20 and 30 ppm of Cu from inorganic source as control (T1), the groups T2, T3 and T4 supplemented with 100, 75 and 50% of control from organic Cu, T5, T6 and T7 treatment diets supplemented with 75, 50 and 25% of control from Cu nanoparticles, respectively. Result: The grower phase and cumulative body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 compared to T1, T6 and T7 groups, while the feed intake in chick phase was lower in T2, T5 and T7 groups as compared to T1, T3, T4 and T6. The chick phase feed conversion ratio was significantly (p<0.05) better in T2 and T5 groups compared to T1, T3, T4, T6 and T7, whereas the cumulative FCR was better in T2 and T5 compared to T6 and T7 groups, while it was not affected during grower phase. The dry matter and crude protein metabolizability were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 and T5, the organic matter and ether extract metabolizability was higher only in T5. The crude fiber and nitrogen free extract was not affected by the treatment diets. Nitrogen excretion was significantly (p<0.05) lower and its retention was higher in T2 and T5 treatment groups but was comparable with control. The Cu excretion through excreta was significantly (p<0.05) higher and its retention was lower in control as compared to all dietary treatments. Hence, it was concluded that the Cu supplementation from organic or nanoparticles form can be reduced by 50 and 75% of standard, respectively without compromising the growth performance of birds and nutrient digestibility of diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Adsorption analysis of modified nanocellulose filled porous polyurethane composites is studied • The RSM-BBD approach was used to model and optimize the dyes. • The statistical study showed that the quadratic model is significant for responses. • Synthesized modified moringa olifera seed pod nanocellulose filled porous PU • Hybrid composite exhibits higher dye adsorption efficiency towards cationic and anionic dyes. In this study polyurethane (PU) based porous composites were synthesized by using the biobased polyol derived from chaulmoogra and grape seed oils. These polyols were used for the preparation of porous PU composites using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as hard segment and polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) as soft segment with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2, 2, 2]octane (DABCO) as catalyst. Swelling ratio of the PU were analyzed by using water, salt, acid and base buffers. Nanocellulose prepared from moringa olifera seed pods were modified (aminated, carboxylated and phosphorylated) and were added as fillers (1, 3, and 5 weight %) to obtain porous polyurethane composites. The prepared samples were also characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, along with other physical and chemical methods. The SEM results show the nanofibrillation of cellulose and closed cell porosity in polyurethane. The strength of nanocellulose filled polyurethane composites (mNC-PU) increased with the increase in the mNC-content. Using the obtained mNC as filler, porous polyurethane composite with good adsorption capacity were prepared, and were used for the adsorption of Indigo carmine (IC), Rhodamine-B(Rh-D) and mixed (binary) dye system. The experimental process parameters optimization was carried out using Box Behnken Design. The predicted and the experimental percentage of dye removal were found to be in good agreement with a maximum of experimental percentage dye removal being in the range of 85 to 94 % for both IC dye and Rh-D dye individually and from mixed dye system. The coefficient of determination value and adjusted coefficient of determination value indicated that the model had significant fit. An increase in pH was found to increase the sorption capacities of the porous polyurethane towards the dyes. Maximum adsorption was found in the higher pH range of 9–12. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Copper (Cu) is a vital mineral involved in various physiological and biochemical processes, growth, and productivity of animals and birds. Birds can absorb only a small fraction of Cu and most is excreted, contaminating soil and aquatic environment which is toxic for microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans. This study evaluated the possibility of use of organic and nanoparticles sources of Cu to reduce supplementation level without compromising the performance of breeder hens. Materials and Methods: A total of 224 Swarnadhara breeder hens were divided into seven treatment groups having four replicates in each. The basal diet (control) containing 20 ppm inorganic Cu (100% of standard recommendation) and six test diets containing 20, 15, and 10 ppm (100, 75, and 50% of standard recommendation) from Cu organic source, and 15, 10, and 5 ppm (75, 50, and 25%) from Cu nanoparticles (Cu-NP), were prepared and offered to respective treatment groups for a duration of 20 weeks. Results: The hen day egg production, hen housed egg production, feed conversion ratio egg mass, albumen index, yolk index, total fat content, and color score were not affected by the source and inclusion level of Cu. The feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower at 15 ppm and egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 10 ppm Cu-NP supplemental level, but was non-significant in other treatment groups compared to control. The body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 20 ppm organic and 15 ppm Cu-NP inclusion. The egg shape index and Haugh unit were significantly (p<0.05) lower at 10 and 15 ppm of Cu-NP inclusion level, respectively. The shell thickness was improved (p<0.05) at 20 and 15 ppm organic and 15 and 10 ppm Cu-NP inclusion level. The egg fertility rate was shown to be significantly (p<0.05) higher at 20 ppm organic Cu inclusion group, but the hatchability based on total number of eggs set improved (p<0.05) at 20 and 15 ppm organic Cu inclusion level while all treatment groups were comparable to control. The hatchability of fertilized egg and chick's quality significantly (p<0.05) improved, while embryonic and chick mortality after hatching before-sorting was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 15 ppm of Cu-NP inclusion group. Conclusion: It was concluded that the inorganic Cu can be replaced with 50% of organic or 25% of nanoparticles form of Cu without jeopardizing the breeder hens' productivity, egg quality characteristics, hatchability, and progeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a systematic rheological study on the fumed silica suspensions to understand the effect of particle and fluid parameters on the critical shear rate and shear thickening ratio. It was observed that removal of air bubbles and water contamination is crucial to prepare good shear thickening fluids. A careful sample preparation method was adopted to properly disperse the fumed silica particles in polyethylene glycol solution, and we achieved discontinuous shear thickening at low particle concentration. It was observed that the critical shear rate in shear thickening suspension is strongly influenced by both carrier fluid and particle concentration. However, the shear thickening ratio is mainly influenced by the particle parameters and the frictional forces between the particles. Increasing the amount of smaller particles in the suspension significantly decreases the maximum viscosity and shifts the onset of shear thickening to higher values of critical shear rates with much smaller shear thickening ratio. Further, a possible mechanism has been proposed based on the influence of carrier fluid and particle size distribution to explain the rheological behaviour of shear thickening suspension. Our study supports the theory of particle-particle frictional contacts as the main reason for the discontinuous shear thickening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) is the need for recent communication system for the enhancement of channel capacity. While the number of antenna array elements increased, the spacing between the array elements and size of the antenna reduced. Hence high coupling between the elements occur, and thus the channel capacity reduced. There were several existing methods employs, however there were some limitations like reduced gain, dielectric constant, and bandwidth. So as to overcome this and to increase the performance characteristics such as bandwidth, gain of MIMO antennas and to lessen the dielectric constant of substrate material this proposed scheme is introduced. Using these considerations and requirements, an array of two-element MIMO system will be designed and developed with a less dielectric material ( ε r < 4 ). So in this Taconic RF-35 (dielectric constant is 3.5), Two T-Shaped antennas are employed for 2.45 GHz (ISM band) with multiple modes of operation to achieve the improved bandwidth of about − 10 db. Simulation is done by HFSS 13.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Austenitic steels are commonly used in aero-engine components owing to their higher thermal resistance to wear and corrosion. This study investigates the high-temperature dry sliding wear behavior of direct metal laser-sintered (DMLS) austenitic stainless steel (SS 316L) up to 400 °C. A dry sliding reciprocating wear test conducted on a high-frequency tribometer with a ball-on-flat setup. High-hardness chrome steel (900 HV 0.5) and alumina (1165 HV 0.5) balls of 6 mm diameter were used as the steel and ceramic counterbodies against 316L specimen (320 ± 5 HV 0.5). When tested against the chrome steel, the initial average coefficient of friction (CoF) decreased to a lower value (0.45) during the initial running-in period. However, with rising temperatures, the CoF also increased, stabilizing at 0.6 under steady-state conditions. A similar CoF pattern was observed in experiments with the alumina counterbody. Wear resistance declined at 100 °C, followed by an increase at 200 °C due to the development of an oxide glaze on the surface. Subsequently, wear resistance decreased as the temperature continued to rise. Up to 200 °C , the wear mechanism was characterized by a combination of abrasive and oxide debris wear, transitioning to adhesive wear with plastic deformation at higher temperatures (400 °C). Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of oxide layers and martensite phase at higher temperatures, contributing to the observed improved wear resistance around 200 °C. However, these oxide layers were progressively removed from the surface at 400 °C, leading to an increased wear. The measured wear rates are two times lower, up to 200 °C, compared to the reported values for conventional 316L due to the fine microstructure and higher hardness of DMLS SS 316L. This results in potentially rendering it suitable for applications where high-temperature (up to 200 °C) wear-resistant SS is needed. This study provides further insights into the importance of post-treatment of DMLS parts for temperature beyond 400 °C. • High temperature wear behavior of SS 316 L steel investigated against two counterparts. • The wear rate against alumina was less than that in the chrome steel test. • High wear resistance was observed at 200 °C against both counterparts. • A stable oxide layer formed at 200 °C. • Above 200 °C, the material softens, leading to severe wear loss against both the counterparts at higher temperatures of 300 °C, and 400 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral features of 4-(methylamino)-3-nitrobenzoic acid (MNA) have been probed by the techniques of Fourier transform infrared, Raman and UV–visible combined with density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP level with 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. By using potential energy distribution the detailed interpretation of vibrational spectral assignments has been carried out. Geometrical parameters reveal that the bioactive conformer of MNA molecule is in a planar position. The red-shifted N–H stretching wavenumber describes the N–H ⋯ O intramolecular hydrogen bonding evidenced by the vibrational analysis. Natural orbital and natural population analysis support this result. The strongest vibrational modes contributing to the bioactivity effect from the simultaneous infrared and Raman activities of the benzene ring C C, C–C stretching modes have been identified and analyzed clearly. The influence of electronic effects including back-donation and induction on the C–H stretching vibrations of methyl group causing the decrease of stretching wavenumbers has been extensively investigated. The antipsychotic activity of substituents is available which target amino acids as evidenced from molecular docking study. Frontier molecular orbital, the molecular electrostatic potential analysis was also analyzed. Image 1058 • Spectral features are described in both solid and gaseous state. • The vibrational analysis confirms the N–H ... O intramolecular hydrogen bonding. • NBO and NPA results confirm the intramolecular charge transfer interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore whether non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are associated with tubal disease leading to infertility.Design: Prospective observational study.Setting: Teaching hospital.Population: Women with tubal factor infertility.Methods: In all, 173 infertile women with tubal disease were investigated for genital tuberculosis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using polymerase chain reaction, culture and histopathological examination. On culture, NTM were grown in 23.7% of endometrial samples. The mycolic characteristics of these organisms were analysed.Main Outcome Measure: Whether NTM are associated with tubal disease leading to infertility.Results: The organisms identified in association with tubal disease were Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 30%, gonococci in 1.7%, Chlamydia in 7.5% and NTM in 23.7% of cases. Mycobacterium chelonae was the predominant organism identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. In ten women, for whom there was laparoscopic evidence of tubal disease, the only organism that was grown was NTM, and the tests for other organisms were negative. Tests for possible environment (theatre, instruments) contamination was reported negative.Conclusion: While evaluating infertile women for tubal disease, culture studies revealed a high prevalence of NTM in the endometrium. In the absence of M. tuberculosis, gonococci and Chlamydia infection, the presence of NTM suggests the possibility that these organisms may be responsible for tubal damage leading to infertility.Tweetable Abstract: On evaluating the causes of tubal disease, NTM were associated with tubal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Record linkage offers wide role in record identification and relevant datasets matching. The conventional researchers use probabilistic approach to identify reliable and unique datasets. Record linkage with probabilistic approach exploits data, which are common to an individual record pair. Classical methods have equality based record linkage in common fields. Therefore, errors associated with record linkage reduce the scalability. In this paper, a similarity between individual values of record pairs is improved using ontology-based semantic similarity model. Semantic similarity between the records is tested successfully using angle based neighborhood graph. To validate the proposed approach, a conventional record linkage algorithm is compared with angle based neighborhood ontology record linkage technique, which achieves improved accuracy and scalability. Finally, the accuracy of identifying similar semantic matches is more scalable in proposed technique than conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Synthesis of 1-(3-((4-(diethylamino)−2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)ethan-1-one (SA106). • SA106 was investigated by FTIR and XRD. • Evaluated UV, HOMO-LUMO and MESP using solvents. • The intermolecular interactions were analyzed by Hirshfeld surfaces. • The Molecular docking simulation was calculated. The Schiff base compound1-(3-((4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)ethan-1-one (34D2HA) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD techniques. The title compound was optimized. From the calculated perspective, the title compound's Natural bond orbital, Molecular Electrostatic Potential, Electron Localization Function, Localized-Orbital Locator, Frontier Molecular Orbital, Mulliken charges and Fukui function properties were also examined. The vibrational analysis of 34D2HA were investigated by means of computational calculations. The intensity of vibrational bands and the fundamental frequencies were evaluated by the standard B3LYP method on the basis set of 6–311G(d,p) combination with diffusion function + + are done by density functional theory (DFT). In addition to PED, VEDA was utilized to predict vibrational assignment. The absorptions were analyzed theoretically using UV–Vis spectra with different solvents. The experimental and computed bond parameters exhibit a strong agreement. The infrared frequency calculations lead overall agreement with observed spectral patterns. Beside, ADME studies have been carried out and this compound satisfies with Lipinski's rule of five. The results of protein- ligand docking using the Auto Dock method with various proteins suggest that the molecule has pharmaceutical properties against receptors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, interest in agro polymers has created great interest among researchers and industry alike, as these materials are found to be biodegradable and eco‐friendly. Since the fossil fuel based polymers have created greater environmental concern, these bio‐based polymers are addressing the concerns in some of impactful areas such as food packaging and contribute significantly to the sustainable development with minimum ecological problems. Among agro polymers, starch based polymers have made major stride to marketable products in food packaging field. It is estimated that by the year 2020, the biocomposite materials demand will touch 20% of total plastic utilization. This review enlightens various processing techniques used to produce starch based polymers and composites with their properties to address the poor properties of starch. Low toxic and good compatibility natural plasticizers are of great interest in the processing of thermoplastic starch (TPS). Further emphasis is also given on essential packaging film properties such as barrier, biodegradation, mechanical, and thermal properties for TPS based materials. The overview of literature indicates that, Final properties of the thermoplastic starch can be improved by using different fillers, as well as by changing the source of the starch. Since the quest to produce better, cheaper, and eco‐friendly materials never stops, a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve further improvement in the existing materials and to produce new class of materials that are eco‐friendly which can extend smarter and efficient services to customers. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2499–2522, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An E-glass-reinforced epoxy-based nanocomposite containing organomodified nanoclay (15-20 nm) and calcium silicate particles (75-149 μm) was developed through mechanical shearing mixing and hand layup techniques. Three weight fractions (2, 3 and 4%) of nanoclay were selected to study the effects of nanoclay on mechanical and wear behaviour of nanocomposites. Tensile and flexural properties of nanocomposites were evaluated and compared. The wear properties were evaluated for three speed (3.14, 4.19 and 5.24 m s) and load (20, 50, and 80 N) conditions based on a design of experiment (L16 matrix) concept. The wear loss results were statistically analysed to study the significance of load, speed and nanoclay content. The morphologies of wear surface and fracture surface were examined with the aid of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify the wear and fracture mechanisms. It was found that the wear loss increases with increasing nanoclay amount due to the particle agglomeration effects. Statistical analysis determines that the load is the most significant parameter affecting the wear resistance of nanocomposites. The mean and S/N ratio analyses rank the parameters significance in affecting wear resistance as follows: load > nanoclay content > speed. The wear mechanisms of nanocomposites are complex due to the observation of multiple features such as fibre thinning, matrix wear and fibre/matrix debonding as against abrasive wear in the pure epoxy. Tensile and flexural test results show that a good dispersion of nanoclay is achieved with 2 wt% amount in epoxy-based nanocomposites. The mechanical properties degrade above 2 wt% due to the excessive reinforcement, uneven distribution and the particle agglomeration effects. Fractography studies of tension-failed samples show that pure epoxy resin fails by multimode gauge explosive mode, whereas nanocomposites fail mainly by the matrix/fibre interface failure and fibre breakages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel bimodal size ranges of ceramic particles (SiC (115 m)and SiO(1.2 m) (labelled as SIL)), SiC (115 m) and mullite (4 m) (labelled as MUL)) iron matrix composite structures were processed by powder metallurgy. The physical, mechanical and tribological properties were evaluated for these composites. The dry sliding wear and friction tests were conducted at ambient temperature and 60% humidity in a laboratory scale dynamometer for braking material applications. We have selected four braking speeds (5, 10, 15 and 20 m/s) and two braking loads (100 and 200 N) to cover the broad spectrum of braking conditions experienced in a typical automobile and military aircrafts. The particle morphology, microstructure, wear surface morphology and mechanisms were discussed based on the scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, optical microscope and stereoscope examinations. Our work provides the following important results: (1) bimodal particle structure composites can be easily fabricated using powder metallurgy, (2) the wear resistance and the braking performance of bimodal particle-reinforced composites is superior than the typical automobile asbestos or non asbestos, metallic, semi-metallic and Al/SiC composites based brake materials, (3) Between mullite and silica reinforcements, the mullite-reinforced bimodal composite (MUL) provides higher wear resistance, braking performance (high friction coefficient, stopping distance, stopping time), higher flexural strength, stiffness and hardness. These improvements are attributed to the better powder consolidation, high elastic modulus of mullite and better distribution of mullite in the iron matrix, (4) Increasing sliding speed decreases the wear rate and increases the friction coefficient in the MUL composites, whereas the variations in the wear rate and the friction coefficient are random in the SIL composites and (5) the combined effects of abrasive, delamination, oxidation and tribofilm-controlled wear mechanisms are observed to be operative at all sliding speeds and load conditions for both the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosize B4C and/or MoS2 particles reinforced AA2219 alloy composites were prepared using the stir casting process. The wear properties were evaluated for several speed (3.14–5.65 m s−1), load (10–50 N) and distance (0–2500 m) conditions. The nanoparticles dispersion, density, wear resistance, morphology of the worn surface and loose wear debris were discussed in detail. The wear resistance improvement results by nanoparticle addition correspond well with the hardness. Between the nanocomposites, hybrid composites show significantly higher wear resistance for all load, speed and sliding distance conditions. The better wear resistance is attributed to the matrix strengthening by nanoparticles and the lubricant-rich tribolayer controlled wear in the hybrid composites. The intensity of abrasive, oxidation and delamination wear mechanisms decide the wear rate at any particular wear testing condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of inexpensive and flexible solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is critically important for the cost-effective electrochromic device (ECD) fabrication. The SPEs are also an integral part of the flexible ECDs which are projected to boost up the ECD's usability in several unexplored areas. Here we report the synthesis of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based aprotic salt (LiClO 4 ) containing SPEs, which are more or less electrochemically benign in the normal ECD operational voltage window. Experiments verified that the developed SPEs have good luminous clarity (transmittance>92%), high ionic conductivity of the order of 10 −4 S/cm and excellent dimensional stability, all of which are required for the ideal ECD operations. Impedance spectroscopy showed an enhancement in the ionic conductivity and decrease in the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) resistance with increasing salt loading. Two different device configurations using these SPEs were fabricated and then subjected to detailed electrochemical studies. Comprehensive analysis established long term cyclic durability of the SPEs. Prototype ECDs fabricated using these SPEs rendered excellent optical modulation and coloration reversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the effects of solid lubricants, braking load and sliding speed on the tribological behavior of Cu/silica composites were investigated using design of experiments and statistical methods. Three types of composites were prepared using different types of solid lubricants (h-BN, graphite, and MoS 2 ) by powder metallurgy. The wear and friction behavior of the composites were evaluated for a range of braking loads (300, 600, and 900 N) and sliding speeds (3, 6, and 9 m/s) in a subscale dynamometer. The composites were characterized for density, hardness, microstructure, wear surface morphology and surface roughness properties. A statistical model was developed to identify the significant factors affecting the wear resistance of the composites. The key findings of our study are: (1) MoS 2 reinforced composites possess the highest density, densification, hardness, and lowest surface roughness among the composites, (2) MoS 2 is the most effective lubricant in improving the wear resistance of the composites for the selected experimental domain, (3) Amongst the solid lubricant, brake load and sliding speed, the solid lubricant is the most significant factor affecting the wear resistance of the composites, (4) graphite reinforced composites provide higher braking performance at 3 m/s for all loading conditions whereas both h-BN and MoS 2 reinforced composites provide better braking performance among composites at higher speed (>3 m/s) and load (>300 N) conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conventional sintering methods of dental ceramics have limitations of high temperature and slow cooling rates with requirements of additional heat treatment for crystallization. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is an emerging technique that has the potential to process dental restorations with dense microstructures and tailor-made clinically relevant properties with optimized processing parameters. This study explored the potential of the SPS of zirconia-reinforced fluormica glass (FM) for dental restorative materials. Methods: FM glass frit was obtained through the melt-quench technique (44.5 SiO2–16.7 Al2O3–9.5 K2O–14.5 MgO–8.5 B2O3–6.3 F (wt.%)). The glass frit was ball-milled with 20 wt.% of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (FMZ) for enhanced fracture toughness. The mixtures were SPS sintered at a pressure of 50 MPa and a heating rate of 100 °C/min for 5 min with an increase in temperature from 650–750 °C–850 °C–950 °C. Phase analysis was carried out using XRD and microstructural characterization with SEM. Micro-hardness, nano-indentation, porosity, density, indentation fracture toughness, and genotoxicity were assessed. Conclusions: The increase in the SPS temperature of FMZ influenced its microstructure and resulted in reduced porosity, improved density, and optimal mechanical properties with the absence of genotoxicity on human gingival fibroblast cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Antiangiogenesis effect of the lupeol was studied in tumerogenic and non tumerogenic models. [•] Lupeol induces antiangiogenesis and thereby regress the tumor growth. [•] Lupeol is responsible for the differential angiogenic gene expression by altering the levels of MMP-2 & -9, VEGFa, HIF-1α, and flt-1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper we studied the tribological behavior of iron matrix composites at high sliding speeds (25–35m/s) typical of aircraft braking conditions. We developed two types of Fe matrix composites with different elastic modulus reinforcements: silica (71GPa) and mullite (143GPa) particulates using powder metallurgy. Two different size ranges: large ( ) and small sizes ( ) and a range of volume fractions of the particulates were also considered. The dry sliding wear and braking performance of the composites were investigated using a sub-scale disc braking dynamometer. The wear tests of the composites show that large size and high volume fraction of reinforcement particles provides better wear resistance and braking performance at high sliding speed conditions (25m/s–35m/s) for both Fe/silica composites and Fe/mullite composites. Significantly, Fe/mullite composites at lower volume fractions showed greater wear resistance than the Fe/silica composites due to the higher elastic modulus of the mullite particles. A wear track examination of composites showed that different wear mechanisms were operative at the different speeds. Our results indicate that composites with a high volume fraction of large sized reinforcement particles of high elastic modulus are to be preferred for braking performance and low wear loss at high sliding speed applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this work we investigated the friction and wear properties of Fe/SiC/graphite hybrid composites using a sub-scale dynamometer disk brake testing system. Two particle size ranges ( and ) and three particle volume fractions (10%, 15% and 20%) of SiC were considered. The sliding speed conditions considered in this study (25–35m/s) were comparable to that experienced by brake materials in high speed braking applications in aircrafts, race car and high speed trains. We examined the effect of coating the SiC particles with BaSO4 to improve interfacial properties and prevent potential undesirable interfacial reactions. The wear loss was found to decrease with increasing volume fraction of SiC for all particulate sizes. At low sliding speeds the composites with large particle sizes and high volume fractions were found to be more effective in controlling wear. On the other hand, at higher sliding speeds the high volume fraction composites were found to be more effective in controlling wear for all particle sizes. This is attributed to a transition in the wear mechanism at higher sliding speeds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Epoxy–nylon fabric laminate composites containing 0.1–0.7 phr clay reinforcements were prepared using a hand layup technique. The fabricated laminates were tested for thermal stability, impact resistance, mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The results indicated an increase in impact resistance, tensile strength, flexural strength and Young’s modulus to an extent and then a decrease as the clay content is increased. Overall results show that a 0.2-phr clay reinforcement into the epoxy–nylon fabric laminate has shown better impact resistance (33.9% more than the neat epoxy–nylon fabric laminate), tensile strength (nearly two times the neat sample), flexural strength (nearly five times the neat sample) and Young’s modulus (39.4% more than the neat sample). Thermal stability is found to decrease slightly upon addition of clay. UL-94 tests conducted on the composite laminate samples have shown a reduction in the burning rate. Also, the tests performed in the present study indicate that the materials under investigation have promising applications in construction, agriculture and decorative purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An array of seven atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes was commissioned at a high altitude site in Hanle in the Ladakh region of the Himalayas. The array called HAGAR has been designed to observe celestial γ-rays of energy >100 GeV. Each telescope is altitude-azimuth mounted and carries seven parabolic mirrors whose optic axes are co-aligned with the telescope axis. The telescopes point and track a celestial source using a PC-based drive control system. Two important issues in positioning of each HAGAR telescope are pointing accuracy of telescope axis and co-alignment of mirrors' optic axes with the telescope axis. We have adopted a three pronged strategy to address these issues, namely use of pointing models to improve pointing accuracy of the telescopes, RA-DEC scan technique to measure the pointing offsets of the mirrors and mechanical fine-tuning of off-axis mirrors by sighting a distant stationary light source. This paper discusses our efforts in this regard as well as the current status of pointing and monitoring of HAGAR telescopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fourier-transform Raman and infrared spectra of 2-nitroanisole are recorded (4000–100cm−1) and interpreted by comparison with respective theoretical spectra calculated using HF and DFT method. The geometrical parameters with C S symmetry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman scattering intensities are determined using HF/6-311++G (d, p), B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p), B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) and B3PW91/6-311++G (d, p) level of theories. A detailed vibrational spectral analysis has been carried out and assignments of the observed fundamental bands have been proposed on the basis of peak positions and relative intensities. The results of the calculations have been used to simulate IR and Raman spectra for the molecule that showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The SQM method, which implies multiple scaling of the DFT force fields has been shown superior to the uniform scaling approach. The vibrational frequencies and the infrared intensities of the C–H modes involved in back-donation and conjugation are also investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

ABSTRACT We present medium resolution optical spectroscopy of a sample of nine low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. For those that show clear signatures of active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission, we have disentangled the AGN component from stellar light and any Fe i and Fe ii contribution. We have decomposed the Hα line into narrow and broad components and determined the velocities of the broad components; typical values lie between 900 and 2500 km s−1. Of the galaxies in our study, UGC 6614, UGC 1922, UGC 6968 and LSBC F568−6 (Malin 2) show clear signatures of AGN activity. We have calculated the approximate black hole (BH) masses for these galaxies from the Hα line emission using the virial approximation. The BH masses are ∼3 × 105 M⊙ for three galaxies and lie in the intermediate-mass BHs domain rather than the supermassive range. UGC 6614 harbours a BH of mass 3.8 × 106 M⊙; it also shows an interesting feature bluewards of Hα and Hβ implying outflow of gas or a one-sided jet streaming towards us. We have also measured the bulge stellar velocity dispersions using the Ca ii triplet lines and plotted these galaxies on the M-σ plot. We find that all the three galaxies UGC 6614, UGC 6968 and F568−6 lie below the M-σ relation for nearby galaxies. Thus, we find that although the bulges of LSB galaxies may be well evolved, their nuclear BH masses are lower than those found in bright galaxies and lie offset from the M-σ correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of m-Xylol molecule have been recorded using Bruker IFS 66V spectrometer in the range 4000–100cm−1. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies in the ground state are evaluated using the Hartree-fock (HF) and B3LYP with 6-31+G (d, p), 6-31++G (d, p) and 6-311++G (d, p) basis sets. The computed frequencies are scaled using a suitable scale factors to yield good agreement with the observed values. The HF and DFT analysis agree well with experimental observations. Comparison of the fundamental vibrational frequencies with calculated results by HF and B3LYP methods indicate that B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) is superior to HF/6-31+G (d, p) for molecular vibrational problems. The complete data of this title compound provide some useful information for the study of substituted benzenes. The influences of Methyl groups on the geometry of benzene and its normal modes of vibrations have also been discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular and vibrational structure of 2,3-dimethyl naphthalene (2,3-DMN) has been undertaken in the present work. The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of 2,3-DMN were recorded in the region 4000–100cm−1. The optimized geometries were calculated by HF and DFT (B3LYP) methods with 6-31++G (d, p), 6-311G (d, p) and 6-311++G (d, p) basis sets. The harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman activities of the 2,3-DMN were evaluated with these methods. After scaling the computational wave numbers are in very good agreement with the experimental values. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 2,3-DMN is presented. The effects of substitution of methyl group on the molecule have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the effectiveness of the fuzzy hierarchical decision making (FHDM) method in technology choice. Information on the analytic hierarchy process; Details of the FHDM method; Case study on iron-making technology in India.

• Various aesthetic/energy-saving functions integrated into the electrochromic glass. • The devices could be tuned for four distinct user-selective operational modes. • The energy-saving is comparable to the energy-generation of Si-solar cells. • The devices exhibit charge-storage ~400 Ccm−3@10 mVs−1 (C ~ 21 Fcm−3 @ 0.1 mAcm−2). A generic strategy of incorporating diverse functions in electrochromic dynamic windows is presented by sensibly choosing the individual layers of a bilayered active electrode. Here, all-solid electrochromic devices (ECD) with a remarkably high visible modulation (60–80%) and superior near-infrared (NIR) shielding performance (>90% full scale) were fabricated by simple solution-processing. The concept is demonstrated by selecting materials with identical chemical composition, i.e., porous amorphous-WO 3 (a-WO 3) coated on top of polycrystalline WO 3 ·H 2 O nanosheets. These ECDs show four distinct voltage-selective modes in the ± 2.8 V range for enhanced privacy and energy saving. The IR modulation efficiency (IRME) of the devices stands at a record ~85%, with an outstanding solar modulation efficiency (SME) of ~63%. The initial energy storage estimations for the ECDs revealed superior volumetric stored charge density of ~400 Ccm−3@ 10 mVs−1, which is excellent for secondary energy sourcing. The fabricated EC glasses (with 50% usage) could directly save ~165 kWhm-2 yr-1 worth of energy by equating the energy-saving and generation. With reflected radiation reduction, the total saving may surpass the total energy generation from standard Si-Solar cells (~18% efficiency) of equal areal coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Wavefunctional studies LOL, ELF were carried out in aqueous phase. • Excited state properties were calculated by utilizing Gaussian 16W TD-DFT tool. • Solvation effect model was implemented for HOMO-LUMO studies. • Reactive sites were explored from MEP analysis in different solvents. • Molecular docking studies proven biological activity and bindings sites with cancer protein were predicted. In this present work, structural, wave functional and electronic properties of 3-{(E)-[-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)imino]methyl}benzene-1,2-diol are investigated by utilizing Gaussian 16W density functional theory tool. Optimized geometrical properties, wave functional properties like, localized orbital locators, electron localization functions and reduced density gradient are examined in aqueous phase. Band gap energies with solvation effect are calculated from HOMO-LUMO orbital's with different solvent molecules. Reactive sites are identified from MEP analysis in various solutions. Excited energies are calculated using TD-DFT method in different polar and non polar liquids. Intra molecular and intermolecular interactions are studied by NBO method to explain the charge transfer within the molecules. Spectroscopic (IR and Raman) wave numbers for headline compound are predicted computationally in monomer and dimer form. Moreover, adsorption, metabolism, excretion, distribution with toxicity are computed. Finally, to find biological and anticancer activities of title compound molecular docking study is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boiler tubes, steam and gas turbines are commonly affected by severe high-temperature erosion wear due to impingement of solid particles entrained in the stream of fluid. The investigation focuses on the applicability of thermal sprayed WC based coatings for turbines and boiler tubes by improving the erosion resistance of the base material. The present work includes high-temperature solid particle erosion behaviour of WC-Cr 3 C 2 –Ni coatings deposited by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) processes. The effects of temperature and impact angle on erosion performance of uncoated and coated specimens were comparatively studied using air-jet erosion tester (ASTM G76). The eroded surface morphology was analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Uncoated steel exhibit ductile mechanisms; however, both coated specimens follow the mixed mode of material removal under the same operating conditions. Erosion resistance of APS and HVOF coatings is approximately two and three times higher than uncoated specimens at higher temperatures under 30° and 90° impact angles. The HVOF coating offers higher erosion resistance than APS coating due to lower porosity, greater splat adhesion, a lower degree of decarburisation and higher inter-splat sintering at elevated temperatures. • The extensive interaction of WC with Cr 3 C 2 and decarburisation varies the microstructure and phase composition of coatings. • At 650 °C, erosion resistance of APS and HVOF coatings is two and three times higher than the SS 316L • At elevated temperatures, the HVOF coating has a lower erosion rate than APS coating. • Lower porosity, greater splat adhesion, and higher inter-splat sintering are responsible for lower erosion in HVOF coating. • Coated specimens exhibited mixed erosion mechanisms, and uncoated specimens are subjected to ductile mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work investigates comprehensively the tribological behaviour of WC-Cr 3 C 2 -Ni coatings prepared by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray methods. The dry sliding wear at room and elevated temperature (up to 800 °C), wet (oil-based fracturing fluid) sliding wear at room temperature were studied against an alumina ball using the ball-on-disc tribometer according to the ASTM G99 standard. The erosion wear was studied using air-jet erosion tester (ASTM G76) at the impact angles 30° and 90° and temperatures 500 °C and 650 °C. The HVOF coating showed higher hardness, dense morphological structure and a lower degree of decarburisation as compared to APS coating. The HVOF coating offers better wear resistance over the APS coating under both dry and wet sliding conditions. Significant improvement in the wear resistance, especially above 500 °C is attributed to the uniform formation of lubricious WO 3. The solid particle erosion resistance of both coatings is observed to be the same up to 650 °C under 30° and 90° impact angles. • HVOF coating has better wear resistance under dry and wet sliding conditions. • Lubricious tribo-film controls the wear under high-temperature in both coatings. • Higher erosion resistance of HVOF coating than APS coating • Higher wear in APS coating due to more decarburization, lower hardness and interlamellar cohesion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maize (Zea mays) grain sprouts (MGS) can be a potential source of green fodder for ruminants, especially when there is scarcity of land and water. Nutritional value of MGS grown with hydroponic technique was assessed for nutrient utilization, blood biochemical profile, immunity and growth performance in lambs. Methods: The MGS were produced in a polyhouse and harvested on 10th day and subjected to rumen in vitro incubation for gas production (RIVIGP) test to predict metabolisable energy (ME) value. The feeding cum growth trial was conducted for 120 days. Eighteen healthy male lambs of 3-4 months age and comparable body weight were randomly allotted in a complete randomized design to three dietary groups of six in each. The control (T1) group lambs were fed conventional green fodder (CGF), finger millet straw (FMS) and compounded feed mixture (CFM) at 50:10:40 ratio on DM basis, In treatment group two (T2), proportion of CGF and CFM was reduced by 50% and substituted with 45% MGS on DM basis (CGF, FMS, CFM and MGS on total DM basis was in 25:10:20:45 ratio, respectively). In treatment group three (T3), CGF was completely replaced with MGS (80%) and CFM was reduced to 25% of control (CGF, FMS, CFM and MGS on total DM basis was in 0:10:10:80 ratio, respectively). Result: Results indicated that MGS has ME (MJ/kg DM) of 9.70. The average DM intake (g/d/lamb) in T1, T2 and T3 groups was 764, 581 and 398, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG, g) in T1, T2 and T3 groups was 77.3, 48.5 and 20.9, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in DMI and ADG with reduced feed efficiency in lambs fed MGS. However, the per cent digestibility of nutrients, blood biochemical profile, immunity and serum minerals in lambs did not differ among the groups. It is concluded that replacement of compounded feed mixture or conventional green fodder with MGS will limit the dry matter intake, net nutrient availability and negatively affect the growth performance in lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]