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We pretend to describe from theoretical references the factors that contribute to the public stigma of people with visual impairment and its effects on their quality of life. An exploratory systematic review was conducted, including independent and duplicate search of: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, APA PsycNet, SAGE Journals, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, Psychology & Behavioral sciences collection, SocINDEX. The findings included the factors that contribute to public stigma are cultural perception of disability, use of the white cane, deterioration of the family and social support network, devalued social identity, ocularcentrism, among others. The effects of stigmatization include low levels of self-acceptance, negative affective reactions, discrimination, deterioration of quality of life, rejection of the use of non-optical aids, among others. The conclusion is that the fear of being recognized as visually impaired is identified when using assistive devices, since this way a stigmatizing feature is made visible, which influences adherence to rehabilitation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with low vision need a vision rehabilitation process that allows them to optimize their remaining vision and thus mitigate the impact of the disability. Objective: To describe the conditions for access to vision rehabilitation in Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area. Materials and Methods: A collective case study was conducted by taking elements from phenomenology. The theoretical position of Andersen and collaborators was assumed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 patients and professionals involved in care and rehabilitation residing in municipalities in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga. The analysis was done in three stages: discovery, coding, and interpretation of the data. Results: Two categories emerge from the study: 1) Vision rehabilitation: An incipient issue, and 2) People with low vision experience in low vision management care processes; the latter with the following subcategories: Failures in the identification and orientation to low vision management and difficulties in attending clinical care and accessing devices. Discussion: Describing the conditions for accessing rehabilitation services can contribute to designing intervention strategies to address the identified barriers. Conclusions: The consequences of low vision can be mitigated by accessing rehabilitation processes; however, in the four participating municipalities, people face multiple barriers to rehabilitation. This situation evidences the need to establish mechanisms that allow people with visual impairments to exercise their right to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In Colombia, only 4.9% of the population with disabilities has a university degree. This is what prompted this study to be conducted at Universidad Industrial de Santander and Universidad Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga, aimed at describing the perceptions of the educational community according to its interaction with students with disabilities. Methodology. Qualitative, descriptive exploratory research: 33 interviews were conducted with the academic community and analyzed following a discovery, coding and relativization process Results. Teachers experience difficulties in teaching students with disabilities, as they have no training or pedagogical tools to work with in the classroom. Their willingness and dedication to favor student learning is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate motivation as an essential element to the training process on education for the sexuality of an elementary and middle school group of teachers and to appreciate the changes achieved by the group. Materials and methods: Explanatory-quantitative-qualitative sequential mixed design study with 81 teachers from two public educational institutions of Oiba and Simacota, Department of Santander, who participated voluntarily in the research project during 2016. The quantitative stage, a cross-sectional design and non-experimental analytical empirical approach, evaluated the motivation of the group before starting the training. An instrument built and validated previously by the research team was used and it was analyzed using the Rasch model, establishing significant relationships between sociodemographic variables and types of motivation. In the qualitative stage, the phenomenological approach and the conversational technique were used to gather the essential of the experience lived by the group and achievements. Results: More than half of the group showed high internal motivation; the external motivation was distributed in low, medium and high and a demotivated group in a low-level was identified. The reliability of the individuals in the three groups was very low which may suggest that the sample was not the best to measure the construct, although the instrument (items) showed good properties to evaluate it. The qualitative stage corroborated high internal motivation in the group, expanded the understanding of quantitative results and identified important changes in the group. Conclusions: The testimonies contributed by many of the attendees evidenced changes in relation to the education for the sexuality, which was the objective to be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to determine the results of an educational intervention aimed at teachers to strengthen the healthy habits and psychosocial life skills of children attending elementary schools in public institutions in the city of Bogotá. Methodology: a qualitative study with a descriptive approach whose data collection technique was the focus group. The study sought to use the help of the participants to further understand their experience, methodology, implementation and results of an educational process focusing on health promotion while emphasizing the psychosocial skills for life and healthy habits of school students. The approach proposed by Taylor and Bogdan was taken into account when analyzing the data. Moreover, the analysis was further supported with the ATLAS ti (v. 6.2) software.6.2). Results: participation of teachers in training processes had an impact on various scenarios of their lives. This is how experiences are identified in their personal, family and work life. This can be explained by the following factors: the training process is a novelty, there is a great deal of creativity applied to its teaching and its implementation in educational institutions involves a lot of solidarity. Conclusions: the individuals who took part in the research perceived the participation methodology used in the training process as innovative and important for their adherence to the program, surpassing their initial predisposition to participate. Furthermore, strengthening the creativity of educators contributes to the teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop community-based actions with the indigenous population from the department of Chocó between December 2010 and April 2013, using health education focused on a differential approach thus contributing to the improvement of their health and nutrition. Methodology: A health education process was carried out within the Participation-Action-Research framework, which sought to provide elements for the modification of some health and nutrition conditions of children from the Department of Chocó. The phases developed were: Diagnosis-exploration, performing actions and action programming. The complete process involved 185 people representing the ethnic-territorial authorities, indigenous leaders in health, men, women, indigenous children. Results: Product of the process carried out during three years, through a participatory and consensual work, some issues on health and nutrition through the promotion of key actions to work in a communally and familiar way with indigenous communities were addressed, using methodologies adapted to their realities and educational materials with differential and inclusive approaches. Conclusions: According to the results it is possible to identify Participatory Action-Research as a methodological strategy that enables transformations of the realities of indigenous communities in relation with their health and nutrition status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the meanings youngsters give to their participation in three education programs for sexual and reproductive health in Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Lebrija and Socorro, which contribute to the improvement of the educational programs offered to these population groups. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive approach, carried out in Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Lebrija and Socorro in the period of October 2011 to April 2012. Semi-structured group and individual interviews were conducted with the youngsters of the four municipalities who participated in the program, using the Taylor & Bogdan's methodological design for the analysis of the interviews. Results: Youngsters participating in the educational programs identified them as a positive experience that impacted different scenarios in their lives, highlighting the strengthening of communication skills and sexual rights as thematic content of greater remembrance. Conclusions: The youngsters constructed meanings from their participation in the program both individually and in groups through social interaction, which have influenced their sexuality experience and the practices at various stages of their lives, in their roles as children, as friends, as a couple, as leaders and as part of a social group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Amblyopia is a visual disorder that arises during cortical development, and is considered the most frequent cause of preventable blindness. Early diagnosis and treatment have been demonstrated to be highly effective. However, it is often detected at a late stage, partly due to lack of knowledge. The purpose of this article is to describe the perceived knowledge of general practitioners and pediatricians in Bucaramanga on the early detection of amblyopia. Methodology. A descriptive, qualitative exploratory study was performed, by means of semistructured interviews of 20 healthcare professionals, using the approach suggested by Taylor and Bogdan. Results. The interview results found two types of issues: shortcomings in undergraduate and graduate training, lack of infrastructure to perform the visual assessment. It also detected four sub-categories, including incorrect concepts about amblyopia, lack of clarity about the right age to perform the first-time visual assessment, and erroneous beliefs about the assessment and referral to specialized optometry and ophthalmology services. Discussion. The study found gaps in knowledge by healthcare professionals as well as the different contributing factors to this problem, and indicates the importance of strengthening this subject in the curricula. Conclusion. It is necessary to strengthen knowledge among general practitioners and pediatricians to enable the early detection of children at risk of amblyopia and reduce the burden of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]