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The reasons for the appearance of small satellites have been revealed. The evolution of the military and civilian small satellites created in the 21st century for surveillance and intelligence, including dual-purpose ones, is reviewed. Three groups of tasks solved by small observation satellites are defined - applied, technological, and scientific, as well as their growing importance and areas of use. The need is substantiated, and steps are proposed in the Republic of Bulgaria, respectively in SRTI-BAS, to activate the activity of creating and using small satellites for observation for the needs of the economy, ecology, humanitarian, and other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for the emergence and use of aerospace systems (ASS) "Aerial launch" by the leading countries has been formulated. The types of ASS and the types of military space systems are revealed, as well as the connection between them. The functioning and perspective ASS "Aerial launch" with civil and military applications is analyzed. Based on a systematic analysis, a structure of ASS "Aerial launch" for the conditions of the Republic of Bulgaria, its advantages, disadvantages and main properties is proposed. Based on the performed modeling, a scheme of operation of ASS "Aerial launch" and stages of the flight of the MiG-29UB carrier aircraft for launching a nanosatellite (nanosatellites) into orbit in the conditions of our country is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]