Search

Introduction: Mission Balam Sukham's Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) combats malnutrition through prevention, treatment, and community engagement, ensuring children receive adequate nutrition for healthy growth. Objective: To document IYCF practices and risk factors of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among NRC beneficiaries Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted comprising of 63 children aged 6 months to 5 years having SAM alongwith complications admitted at NRC of South Gujarat over the duration of 10 months. Observations: 90.5% poverty, 57.1% migrants, 7.9% single parent. 69.8% initiated breastmilk within 1hr, 15.9% weren't fed with colostrum, 6.3% were given pre-lacteals. 93.7% were exclusively breastfed, 6.3% initiated breastmilk at the time of 6 months. 16%, 60% and 9.8% met the criteria of MDD, MMF and MAD respectively. Boys show significant association on admission and discharge both (t = 2.43, p= 0.026 on admission and t= 2.66, p= 0.015 on discharge). In 13-24 months, MDD group (t = 2.34, p=0.02), children not suffering from anaemia shows significant weight (t=-2.540, p=0.18). Conclusion & Recommendations: Children's weight improvement is linked to better IYCF practices, emphasizing its importance of caregiver attention and education, highlighting need to address cultural barriers and promote practices like exclusive breastfeeding and continuous breastfeeding, focusing on empowering mothers and caretakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the improvement of basic maternal and child health care services, the deaths due to malnutrition and infections are on a descending trend and due to westernization and lifestyle modifications, perinatal deaths due to anomalies are in ascending trend. Aim & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the antenatal proportion of congenital anomalies, types, pattern of anomalies and factors associated with anomalies in Tertiary Care Centre, South Gujarat. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study in Department of Fetal Medicine of New Civil Hospital, Surat. Methods and Material: Sample size was 435. First 10 consecutive high-risk ANC patients, who were referred to Fetal Medicine department from Obstetrics and Gynecology department per day were selected. Data was collected during September 2021 to February 2022. Statistical analysis used: Frequencies, proportions and tests of significance was applied for testing the association of sociodemographic variables, clinical variables etc on presence or absence of congenital anomalies. Results: Proportion of different types of congenital anomalies in high risk pregnant mother was 17.2%. There was significant association between presence of congenital anomalies with history of irregular menstruation (p value: 0.001, OR: 5.19, [CI: 1.76-15.27]) and inadequate amniotic fluid (p value: 0.00, OR: 14.5[CI: 7.23-29.06]). Among total detected anomalies in Ultrasonography scanning, most common anomalies were Cardio-vascular system anomalies (36.4%) and Central Nervous System anomalies (24%). Conclusions: Congenital anomalies were present in about 17 % of high risk antenatal mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Under Mission Balam Sukham, children of 6 months to 5 years having severe acute malnutrition (SAM) along with complications are managed at Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (NRC). They are admitted for 14 days with the provision of a nutritional diet and medicines. Objectives: To explore determinants of nutritional outcome of SAM children admitted at NRC Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted comprising 63 children aged 6 months to 5 years having SAM along with complications admitted at NRC of New Civil Hospital, Surat (NCHS) for 10 months. Results: The majority of participants were boys (54%), 12-23 months of age (50.8%), and Grade III socioeconomic class (39.6%). The duration of stay ranged from 2-36 days. The average duration of stay was 12.78 + 6.49 days; 14.26 ± 5.99 days for boys and 11.10 + 6.73 for girls. 18.8% stayed at NRC for 14 days. The average weight gain was 5.46 g/kg/day. A significant improvement in weight was seen in boys (t=2.20, p<0.05), working mothers (t=2.44, p<0.01), exclusively breastfed children (t=3.62, p<0.01) of 6-11 months, full-term children of 12-23 months (t=4.0, p<0.05). The children of 12-23 months (t=2.90, p<0.01) and boys (t=2.15, p<0.05) showed significant improvement in underweight (WAZ). Wasting improved significantly in age below 36 months (p<0.05). 20.6% could achieve the target weight. Conclusion: NRC is an effective life-saving modality for malnutrition but its outcome is associated with factors like boys, exclusive breastfeeding, and full-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) encompass a spectrum of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic cell growth, ranging from benign molar pregnancies to malignant trophoblastic neoplasms. This systematic review explores the molecular underpinnings of GTDs, focusing on genetic and epigenetic factors that influence disease progression and clinical outcomes. Based on 71 studies identified through systematic search and selection criteria, key findings include dysregulations in tumor suppressor genes such as p53, aberrant apoptotic pathways involving BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma), and altered expression of growth factor receptors and microRNAs (micro-ribose nucleic acid). These molecular alterations not only differentiate molar pregnancies from normal placental development but also contribute to their clinical behavior, from benign moles to potentially malignant forms. The review synthesizes insights from immunohistochemical studies and molecular analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of GTD pathogenesis and implications for personalized care strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]