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Kulon Progo is a poorest district and has the highest development inequality in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) based on Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) publication. The local government has made various efforts to overcome the problems, one of which is by establishing growth centers since 2003. However, Kulon Progo Regency has experienced rapid development with the existence of Yogyakarta International Airport, which affected the dynamics of regional growth centers. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential Rural Growth Center (PPD) and identify the spatial patterns of PPD shifts in Kulon Progo to see the trickle down effect. This study used descriptive quantitative methods using scalogram index, centrality index, urban network analysis, and gravity index, also moran’s I index and Local Indicator Of Spatial Association (LISA). The results showed that there was a shift in rural growth centers, but the spatial analysis did not show any trickle down effect from rural growth centers that had been formed before. However, new centers were formed that were not related to the previous rural growth centers. These results indicates that the rural growth centers in Kulon Progo cannot have a growth effect on the surrounding area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: p‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) is a potent contact allergen found in many hair colour products. However, not all individuals develop allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) although they are regularly exposed to PPD. It is unclear whether these asymptomatic individuals are true non‐responders to PPD or whether they mount a response to PPD without showing any symptoms. Methods: Skin biopsies were collected from 11 asymptomatic hairdressers regularly exposed to PPD and from 10 individuals with known ACD on day 4 after patch testing with 1% PPD in petrolatum and petrolatum exclusively as control. RNA sequencing and confocal microscopy were performed. Results: T cell activation, inflammation and apoptosis pathways were up‐regulated by PPD in both asymptomatic and allergic individuals. Compared to asymptomatic individuals with a negative patch test, individuals with a strong reaction to PPD strongly up‐regulated both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines genes. Interestingly, PPD treatment induced significant up‐regulation of several genes for chemokines, classical type 2 dendritic cell markers and regulatory T cell markers in both asymptomatic and allergic individuals. In addition, apoptosis signalling pathway was activated in both non‐responders and allergic individuals. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there are no true non‐responders to PPD but that the immune response elicited by PPD differs between individuals and can lead to either tolerance, subclinical inflammation or allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Hair dye dermatitis is a common problem that is localized to the head or even generalized, and in many countries, it runs as an outbreak problem. Many patients could present with facial melanosis but without an obvious history of dermatitis. Objective To record patients with facial melanosis that was triggered by black hair dying and to highlight this concealed cause of facial pigmentation. Methods This is a cross-sectional descriptive study where 102 patients with black hair dye facial melanosis were seen during the period from 2014-2022. All patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV. Full demographic features were clarified. History and examination were carried out, and skin biopsies for histopathological assessment were done in selected cases. All other causes of facial melanosis were excluded. The therapeutic trial used Mometasone Furoate 0.1% cream twice a day for one month. Results A total of hundred two patients with facial melanosis were analyzed; their ages ranged from 30-60 years with a mean of 50 years,70 (68.6%) males and 32 (31.4%) females with a ratio of 2:1. History and examination showed that all patients were applying black hair dye from 0.5-4 years and the duration of facial pigmentation ranged from 1-5 years. Patients mentioned some itching of the face, while others mentioned a history of an erythematous rash of the face in the early course of the disease. On examination, all patients revealed deep brown to dark hyperpigmentation of the face, neck, and hands. Woods light examination gave no contrast, while histopathological assessment showed an increase in the melanin stores both in the epidermis and dermis. Topical therapy with Mometasone Furoate, 0.1% cream, gave a very satisfactory response by lightening the skin. Conclusion Black hair dye is an important cause of facial melanosis that is often overlooked and confused with other causes of facial melanosis, commonly diffuse lichen planus actinicus, where its therapy will be very difficult unless hair dying is prevented. Therapy with mometasone Furoate 0.1% cream showed a satisfactory result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While purified protein derivative (PPD) is commonly used as skin diagnostic reagent for tuberculosis (TB) infection, it cannot distinguish effectively Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria infection. The new skin reagent ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) has favorable sensitivity and specificity, which can overcome limitations associated with PPD. At present, EC skin test reactions are mainly characterized by erythema, while PPD mainly causes induration. We conducted a comparative study on the potential differences between EC-induced erythema and PPD-induced induration using a guinea pig model. The size of EC-dependent erythema was similar to that of PPD-induced induration, and an inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration of monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, as well as tissue damage, appeared at the injection site. The lymphocytes included CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, which released IFN-γ as the main cytokine. Both EC erythema and PPD induration could lead to increased levels of acute-phase proteins, and the differential pathways were similar, thus indicating that the main induced immune pathways were similar. The above results indicated that erythema produced by EC could generate the main delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response characteristic of PPD induration, thereby suggesting that erythema might also have a certain diagnostic significance and provide a possible theoretical basis for its use as a diagnostic indicator for detecting MTB infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barley is a long-day plant with a major gene (PPD-H1) that determines its photoperiod sensitivity. Under long days (i.e. 16 h), flowering occurs earlier in sensitive (Ppd-H1) than in insensitive (ppd-H1) genotypes, while under short days (i.e. 12 h) both flower late and more or less simultaneously. We hypothesized that (i) the sensitive line should flower later than the insensitive line under very short days (<12 h), and (ii) both the sensitive and insensitive lines should have similar phenology under very long days (>18 h). When comparing a pair of spring isogenic lines for sensitive and insensitive PPD-H1 alleles (introgressing the PPD-H1 allele into the barley cultivar 'WI4441'), we found responses fully in line with expectations for the commonly explored range from 12 to 16–18 h. When the responses were extended to very short days, sensitivity increased noticeably, and time to flowering of the sensitive line was longer than that of the insensitive one. Under very long days, the sensitive line did not respond further (it seemed to have reached its minimum time to flowering under a 16 h period), while the insensitive line continued shortening its time to flowering until c. 21 h. Consequently, both lines flowered similarly under very long days, which opens opportunities to easily test for differences in earliness per se , as in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric PPDs that reduce the pour point of crude oil are one of the most important chemicals utilized in the petroleum industry, especially when transporting waxy oil. The regulation of the structure of such polymers with different hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance makes it possible to select an effective PPD to improve the low-temperature properties of crude oil. On this basis, the current work presents a series of syntheses of copolymers based on α-olefins and maleic anhydride and their modification by the amidation reaction with primary amines: butylamine, hexylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, and benzylamine. The structure of the copolymers was determined through FTIR spectroscopy and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight of the copolymers was identified by the method of light scattering. The study of the effect of modified copolymers on rheological behavior and lowering the pour point was performed for waxy crude oil from the Akshabulak field (Kazakhstan). Rheological tests have shown that the synthesized copolymers improve the fluidity of oil and reduce the values ​of the yield stress of oil. Optical micrograph showed that the modified copolymers form fine crystals of paraffins and exhibit dispersing properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of pregnancy in women, and its pathogenesis mainly involves disturbances of the neuroendocrine regulation, immune system, neurotransmitters, hormone secretion, and the gut microbiome. Gut microbes play essential physiological and pathological roles in the gut-brain axis' pathways which are involved in various central nervous system (CNS) and psychiatric disorders, including PPD. Numerous studies have identified the fundamental role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of PPD patients and also correlates with other pathogenic mechanisms of PPD. Disturbances in gut microbes are associated with the disruption of multiple signaling pathways and systems that ultimately lead to PPD development. This review aimed to elucidate the potential connections between gut microbes and the established PPD network, and this might serve as a guide for the development of new efficient diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic strategies in the management of PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The description of long photoperiod sensitivity in wheat and barley is a cause of confusion for researchers working with these crops, usually accustomed to free exchange of physiological and genetic knowledge of such similar crops. Indeed, wheat and barley scientists customarily quote studies of either crop species when researching one of them. Among their numerous similarities, the main gene controlling the long photoperiod sensitivity is the same in both crops (PPD1 ; PPD-H1 in barley and PPD-D1 in hexaploid wheat). However, the photoperiod responses are different: (i) the main dominant allele inducing shorter time to anthesis is the insensitive allele in wheat (Ppd-D1a) but the sensitive allele in barley (Ppd-H1) (i.e. sensitivity to photoperiod produces opposite effects on time to heading in wheat and barley); (ii) the main 'insensitive' allele in wheat, Ppd-D1a , does confer insensitivity, whilst that of barley reduces the sensitivity but still responds to photoperiod. The different behaviour of PPD1 genes in wheat and barley is put in a common framework based on the similarities and differences of the molecular bases of their mutations, which include polymorphism at gene expression levels, copy number variation, and sequence of coding regions. This common perspective sheds light on a source of confusion for cereal researchers, and prompts us to recommend accounting for the photoperiod sensitivity status of the plant materials when conducting research on genetic control of phenology. Finally, we provide advice to facilitate the management of natural PPD1 diversity in breeding programmes and suggest targets for further modification through gene editing, based on mutual knowledge on the two crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal comfort is an important element in students' learning activities. The object chosen was the classroom of the Sawah Besar 01 Public Elementary School in Semarang, Indonesia built in a densely populated area, resulting in a window design that has varying orientation directions but with a homogenous façade design. This affects the level of thermal comfort in the classroom. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively - namely, to obtain a thermal comfort index, PMV, and PPD according to the Indonesia National Standard and ASHRAE. The thermal comfort conditions of all selected rooms on the 1st and 2nd floors, either indoor or outdoor, did not meet the comfortable thermal comfort standard for classrooms. The PMV index is above +1 and is mostly categorized as slightly warm, warm, and hot, and all of the PPD percentages are above 10%, indicating that most of the occupants are not satisfied with the temperature in the classroom. New façade opening designs and mechanical ventilation aids need to be applied to improve thermal comfort according to the Indonesia National Standard and ASHRAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postpartum mood disorders develop shortly after childbirth in a significant proportion of women and have severe effects. Two evolutionary explanations are currently available. The first is that poor postpartum mental health is a consequence of an evolutionary trade-off – a compromise of neurological changes in the maternal brain during pregnancy which, on the one hand, maintain pregnancy, and on the other, increase the likelihood for postpartum women to develop psychopathology. The second explanation is that poor postpartum mental health is a disease of civilization. This theoretical paper demonstrates that both explanations ignore the crucial event of childbirth. I elaborate on environmental features of childbirth, a physiological process that is substantially different in the current versus evolutionary childbirth and postpartum setting, and argue that maternal brain neuroplasticity and biochemical alterations are not an evolutionary trade-off, but an adaptation. Additionally, the incidents of poor postpartum mental health are better viewed as a maladaptation of the typical modern environments – an evolutionary mismatch. Thus, the potential to suffer from poor mental health in postpartum is an external, contingent happening, dependent on contemporary childbirth and postpartum environments, and not due to any essential property women possess as a result of evolutionary compromise. In fact, women are probably adapted to feel like superwomen right after birth, a state of mind that is an aid in adapting to motherhood. Distinguishing between evolutionary concepts in the context of pregnancy, birth, and motherhood is vital for developing more accurate preventions and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of experimental resin dental composites containing a conventional photoinitiating system (camphorquinone CQ and 2-(dimethylami-no)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)) to a photoinitiator system containing 1-phenyl-1,2 propanedione (PPD) with 2-(dimethylami-no)ethyl methacrylate) or acting alone phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (BAPO). The manually produced composites consisted of an organic matrix: bis-GMA (60 wt. %), TEGDMA (40 wt. %), and silanized silica filler (45 wt. %). The composites contained 0.4/0.8 wt. %, 0.8/1.6 wt. %, and 1/2 wt. % of PPD/DMAEMA and another group included 0.25, 0.5, or 1 wt. % of BAPO. Vickers hardness, microhardness (in the nanoindentation test), diametral tensile strength, and flexural strength were assessed, and CIE L* a* b* colorimetric analysis was conducted for each composite produced. The highest average Vickers hardness values were obtained for the composite containing 1 wt. % BAPO (43.73 ± 3.52 HV). There was no statistical difference in the results of diametral tensile strength for the experimental composites tested. The results of 3-point bending tests were the highest for composites containing CQ (77.3 ± 8.84 MPa). Despite the higher hardness of experimental composites including PPD or BAPO, compared with composites with CQ, the overall results indicate that the composite with CQ still represents a better solution when used as a photoinitiator system. Moreover, the composites containing PPD and DMAEMA are not promising in terms of color or mechanical properties, especially as they require significantly longer irradiation times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Textile dye mix (TDM) is included in the European baseline series (EBS), but it is unknown if TDM identifies all patients with a textile dye allergy. Objectives: To assess the added value of performing patch testing with individual textile dyes in addition to TDM. Methods: Two hundred and nine patients suspected to have a contact allergy to textile dyes were patch tested between January 2015 and December 2021 with the EBS, as well as an individual textile dye test series containing textile dyes part of TDM (TDM‐dyes) and outside the scope of TDM (non‐TDM dyes). Results: Fifty‐four patients (25.8%) tested positive for TDM or an individual textile dye. Disperse Orange 3 (9.6%) followed by Disperse Blue 106 (4.8%) were the most common individual textile dyes causing a positive patch test reaction. Of the 54 dye positive patients, 28 (51.9%) had a clinically relevant reaction. No clinically relevant reactions were seen in patients that solely tested positive for non‐TDM dyes. Conclusions: It is beneficial to test individual textile dyes in addition to TDM in patients suspected of having a textile dye allergy. Otherwise, 46.3% of the dye positive patients and 35.7% of the patients with a clinically relevant reaction would have been missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of non‐caseating granulomas. Cutaneous involvement of sarcoidosis is common and has a wide variety of clinical presentations. Herein, we present a case of cutaneous sarcoidosis mimicking pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD) in a 26‐year‐old female treated with topical tofacitinib cream and a literature review of all other reported cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis with PPD‐like features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which infects the epidermal cell layers leading to their hyperproliferation. The concept of immunotherapy has recently come to light. It acts by mounting delayed cell-mediated and humoral immunity against the HPV in the host. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the intralesional PPD versus intralesional vitamin D3 for the management of recalcitrant warts. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized trial was conducted on patients between the ages of 12 and 65 years with two or more recalcitrant extragenital warts. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, namely, group A (PPD) and group B (vitamin D3). In group A, a purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin was employed without any prior pre-sensitization testing. Each patient in group I received 0.1--0.2 mL of antigen at the base of the largest wart. In group B, the patients received 0.1--0.2 mL in a similar manner. Results: In group A, 39 (78%) patients had complete clearance while, in group B, 38 (76%) had complete clearance in injected warts (p = 0.8). As far as distant warts were concerned, in group A, 35 (70%) had a complete response while, in group B, 29 (48%) had a complete response. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with a greater degree of clearance in distant warts with the tuberculin PPD (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Both the tuberculin PPD and vitamin D3 are reliable and safe management options for recalcitrant, treatment-resistant, and extensive warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health complication of pregnancy and increases risk for maternal mortality and poorer outcomes for children. Despite its importance, screening rates vary across organizations and care team members. The goal of the current study was to explore the perspectives from care team members in both behavioral health and acute care settings about how they screen and refer pregnant and post pregnant women for PPD, what training around PPD is currently offered by their organization, and if they could benefit from additional PPD training. Data were collected from an online self-report survey of care team members from behavioral health and acute care settings in the US. Questions focused on (1) when/if the care teams had a screening protocol for PPD, (2) beliefs about the efficacy of their organization's PPD screening, identification, and referral process, and (3) if their organization currently offered or needed training around the topic of PPD. A total of 794 care team members in behavioral health and acute care responded to the survey between December 2021 and May 2022. Nearly, all (96.7%) reported having a specific protocol for screening for PPD when they know a patient is pregnant; however, only 69.6% of respondents routinely screen regardless of symptoms being reported by the patient. While 93.3% of the sample believed their organization does a good job screening for and identifying PPD, gaps in the referral processes were described, especially in acute settings. 95.3% of the sample reported their organization currently gives training in screening, identifying, or treating PPD or in the process for establishing outpatient referrals for PPD care for care team members who have direct contact with pregnant patients; however, 96.5% also reported their organization would benefit from additional training in one or more of these areas. High rates of self-reported PPD screening and training indicate that care team members in both behavioral health and acute care are aware of the importance of maternal mental health issues. However, other research indicates that high rates of screening may not lead to improved outcomes, and there are still high rates of maternal suicide and suicidal ideation in the US. It is possible that high self-reported screening rates may indicate a false sense of security such that care team members feel the issue is addressed while problems remain. Alternatively, many respondents felt their organizations would benefit from further training, perhaps indicating an awareness of this gap. Care team members in behavioral health and acute care settings should increase collaboration to ensure high rates of screening lead to improved maternal mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of heterocyclic ring-fused analogs of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain and multidrug-resistant strains (USA300, NRS-1, NRS-70, NRS-100, NRS-108, NRS-271, XJ017, and XJ036) were evaluated. [Display omitted] • Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are becoming a life-threatening issue. • 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol derivatives were synthesized based on the hit compound. • Most derivatives exhibited moderate to potent antibacterial activities. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are becoming a life-threatening issue in public health; therefore, it is urgent to develop novel antibacterial agents for treating infections caused by MDR bacteria. The 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) derivative 9 was identified as a novel antibacterial hit compound in screening of our small synthetic natural product-like (NPL) library. A series of novel PPD derivatives with heterocyclic rings fused at the C-2 and C-3 positions of the A-ring were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Newman strain and MDR S. aureus strains (USA300, NRS-1, NRS-70, NRS-100, NRS-108, NRS-271, XJ017, and XJ036) were evaluated. Among these compounds, quinoxaline derivative 56 (SH617) exhibited the highest activity with MICs of 0.5–4 μg/mL against the S. aureus Newman strain and the eight MDR S. aureus strains. Its antibacterial activity was comparable to that of the positive control, vancomycin. In the zebrafish, 56 revealed no obvious toxicity even at a high administered dose. In vivo , following a lethal infection induced by USA300 strains in zebrafish, 56 exhibited significantly increased survival rates in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: allergic contact dermatitis; Alopecia areata; case report; hair dye; hair loss; henna tattoos; multiple sclerosis; non-scarring alopecia; PPD; p-phenylenediamine EN allergic contact dermatitis Alopecia areata case report hair dye hair loss henna tattoos multiple sclerosis non-scarring alopecia PPD p-phenylenediamine 536 539 4 11/11/22 20221201 NES 221201 Several types of alopecia may be triggered by scalp allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) including telogen effluvium1 and scarring alopecia.2 We hereby describe an unusual case of alopecia areata (AA) activated by severe ACD to a permanent hair dye. Two years after the events of ACD and AA, the patient was subsequently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). In predisposed individuals, MS may be diagnosed prior to or after AA.10 AA may also be triggered by alemtuzumab, a therapy used in MS. [Extracted from the article]

Objective(s): Here, immune responses and long-lived IgG responses of HBsAg-Alum, HBsAg-MF59, as well as HBsAg-MF59 were compared when formulated with PPD. Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were vaccinated subcutaneously three times with a twoweek -interval. Then, specific IgG, long-lived IgG responses up to 220 days, and IgG1/ IgG2a isotypes, and IFN-γ and IL-4 on spleen cell culture supernatant were assessed using ELISA. Results: IFN-γ cytokine response between MF59- and Alum-adjuvanted vaccines did not show a significant difference. HBsAg-Alum revealed an increase in IL-4 cytokine versus HBsAg-MF59 at borderline (P=0.0553). In addition, HBsAg-MF59+PPD 10µg showed a significant decrease in IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines versus HBsAg-MF59. Furthermore, HBsAg-MF59+PPD10 µg showed a significant increase in the IL-2/IL-4 ratio versus HBsAg-MF59 (P=0.0339). Specific IgG antibody showed a significant increase in HBsAg-MF59, as compared with HBsAg-Alum. Furthermore, HBsAg-MF59 plus PPD showed a significant increase in IgG responses versus HBsAg-MF59 and HBsAg-Alum groups. Long-lived IgG responses showed a significant increase in HBsAgMF59 versus HBsAg-Alum group and PPD in the HBsAg-MF59 vaccine formulation, resulting in a significant increase in IgG responses versus HBsAg-MF59 group. In addition, HBsAg-MF59 plus PPD suppressed IgG1 response versus HBsAg-Alum. However, HBsAg-MF59 showed a significant increase in IgG2α versus the HBsAgAlum group (P=0.0190). Immunization with HBsAg-MF59+PPD (10 µg) showed a significant increase versus the HBsAg-MF59 group (P=0.0040). IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in HBsAg-MF59+PPD1µg and HBsAgMF59+PPD10 µg groups showed a significant increase versus HBsAg-MF59 groups (P<0.0345). Conclusion: PPD leads to a more potent long-lived IgG responses in the HBsAg vaccine, highlighting its potential as a component of a complex adjuvant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Genital warts are common sexually transmitted diseases caused by definite types of human papillomavirus. There are many strategies for the treatment of genital wart and intralesional immunotherapy is considered to be a safe and effective treatment modality. However, there are lack of studies that comparing the clinical effectiveness of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) and Candida antigen (CA) in genital wart treatment. To investigate the effectiveness and safety of PPD and CA in the treatment of genital warts. Eighty patients were enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups with 40 patients in each. Each antigen was injected intralesionally at a dose of 0.1 ml into the largest wart every 2 weeks until complete improvement or for a maximum of four sessions. Complete clinical response was demonstrated in 65%, 62.5% in PPD and CA groups, respectively. There was no statistically difference between both groups. After the 3‐month follow‐up period, 72.5%, 85% of patients showed complete clearance in PPD and CA groups respectively. Side effects were mild and insignificant in both groups. Recurrence was observed in only one patient in each group. Immunotherapy by intralesional PPD and CA injection is considered to be effective and well‐tolerated modalities in treatment of genital wart with minimal side effects and recurrence rate compared to other modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Warts are common in children and can be difficult to treat. Many treatments for warts are destructive and painful in contrast to intralesional immunotherapy using different types of antigens. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) versus intralesional zinc sulfate 2% in the treatment of pediatric warts. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 120 children with multiple warts divided into two equal groups. Group Ⅰ received intralesional 10 IU (0.1 ml) of PPD, group Ⅱ received intralesional zinc sulfate 2% in the largest wart every 2 weeks till improvement or for a maximum five treatment sessions. The follow‐up period was 6 months after the last treatment session. Results: The overall response was equal in both groups (81.7%), but the response of the injected wart was higher in the zinc sulfate group (93.4%) versus PPD group (83.3%) with no significant difference. The highest cure rates were after the 5th session in the PPD group and the 1st session in the zinc sulfate group with slightly lower numbers of sessions needed for cure in the zinc sulfate group (3 sessions) versus the PPD group (4 sessions). The zinc sulfate group showed statistically significant higher rates of complications (pain, inflammation, necrosis, and scar) than PPD group. The zinc sulfate group showed non‐significant higher rates of recurrence during the follow‐up period. Conclusion: Both intralesional PPD and zinc sulfate 2% are effective in pediatric warts with higher safety profile of PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassava storage roots are an important source of food, feed, and material for starch-based industries in many countries. After harvest, rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) reduces their palatability and marketability. During the PPD process, vascular streaking occurs through over-accumulation of coumarins, the biosynthesis of which involves the key enzyme p-coumaroyl shikimate/quinate 3′-hydroxylase (C3′H). Repression of MeC3′H expression by RNA interference in transgenic cassava plants caused a significant delay in PPD by decreasing scopoletin and scopolin accumulation in field-harvested storage roots. This study demonstrates that MeC3′H is the key enzyme participating in coumarin biosynthesis during PPD and shows that MeC3′H is a useful target gene for editing to prolong the shelf life of cassava storage roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an intractable progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to a range of movement and motor defects and is eventually lethal. Purkinje cells (PC) are typically the first to show signs of degeneration. SCA1 is caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the ATXN1 gene and the subsequent buildup of mutant Ataxin-1 protein. In addition to its toxicity, mutant Ataxin-1 protein interferes with gene expression and signal transduction in cells. Recently, it is evident that ATXN1 is not only expressed in neurons but also in glia, however, it is unclear the extent to which either contributes to the overall pathology of SCA1. There are various ways to model SCA1 in mice. Here, functional deficits at cerebellar synapses were investigated in two mouse models of SCA1 in which mutant ATXN1 is either nonspecifically expressed in all cell types of the cerebellum (SCA1 knock-in (KI)), or specifically in Bergmann glia with lentiviral vectors expressing mutant ATXN1 under the control of the astrocyte-specific GFAP promoter. We report impairment of motor performance in both SCA1 models. In both cases, prominent signs of astrocytosis were found using immunohistochemistry. Electrophysiological experiments revealed alteration of presynaptic plasticity at synapses between parallel fibers and PCs, and climbing fibers and PCs in SCA1 KI mice, which is not observed in animals expressing mutant ATXN1 solely in Bergmann glia. In contrast, short- and long-term synaptic plasticity was affected in both SCA1 KI mice and glia-targeted SCA1 mice. Thus, non-neuronal mechanisms may underlie some aspects of SCA1 pathology in the cerebellum. By combining the outcomes of our current work with our previous data from the B05 SCA1 model, we further our understanding of the mechanisms of SCA1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigmentary purpuric dermatosis (PPD) is a chronic dyspigmentation characterized by reddish-brown, irregular maculae with dermal hemosiderin deposition, usually affecting the legs. The -SH group in the thioglycolic acid (TGA) strongly binds to iron molecule, solubilizes it, and clears the pigment. We conducted a longitudinal, right-left leg study for assessing the effectiveness and side effects of TGA 10% peel in treating PPD. For preparation of 10% TGA peel, 80% TGA was diluted with distilled water to 10% concentration by mixing 0.5 mL of acid with 3.5 mL of water before every peel session. The peel was applied on the left leg, weekly for 6 weeks. Assessment was done at baseline and at weeks 3 and 6. Any improvement was noted by the patient and another independent dermatologist. The right leg was untreated. Any side effects during peel application and afterwards were noted. According to the patient assessment, 4/10 patients observed mild improvement, 5/10 patients had moderate improvement, and only a single patient had marked improvement. In the physician assessment, 2/10 patients had >50% improvement, 5/10 patients had 30-40% improvement, and 3/10 patients had 10-20% improvement. Side effects included slight burning during application and foul odor. A single patient had intense erythema and mild swelling of the leg after peel application. 10% TGA is effective in the partial clearance of PPD dyspigmentation with weekly sessions for 6 weeks without any serious side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the risk of postpartum depression (PPD) among women who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to women who delivered before the COVID-19 pandemic and how economic challenges are associated with PPD. Methods: Data were collected from 2332 women. This includes 1197 women from healthcare facilities in 2019 who were followed up at 2-4 and 10 weeks postpartum. Additionally, we recruited 1135 women who delivered from March 16, 2020 onward when COVID-19 restrictions were mandated in Kenya in the same catchment areas as the original sample to compare PPD rates. Results: Adjusting for covariates, women who delivered during COVID-19 had 2.5 times higher odds of screening positive for PPD than women who delivered before COVID-19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.92-3.15). Women who reported household food insecurity, required to pay a fee to cover the cost of PPE during labor and delivery and/or postnatal visit(s), and those who reported COVID-19 employment-related impacts had a higher likelihood of screening for PPD compared to those who did not report these experiences. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly increased the economic vulnerability of women, resulting in increases in PPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry's excessive energy usage necessitates practical solutions to address this pressing issue. Windows are crucial architectural elements as they allow the majority of natural light to enter a structure. The poorly designed window and related components cause the space to overheat, consuming more energy. However, it negatively impacts the building's thermal and visual comfort. The paper introduces a novel approach for optimizing control parameters for egg shadings through multi-objective methods. The recommended approach significantly reduces the building's energy consumption and enhances its thermal and visual comfort. EnergyPlus is a software utilized for conducting energy-related simulations. The JEPLUS software has therefore considered seven design variables, such as differences in the vertical and horizontal angles of the shade, length and horizontal dimensions, depth and vertical dimensions, and window positioning. These year-round simulations are performed in four different orientations for four different Iranian towns with various climates. The data is improved by using the program JEPLUS + EA. To find the best locations on the Pareto front, the data is optimized using the NSGA-II approach. The optimization results indicate that a lower angle improves visual comfort but takes more electricity for lighting. The findings of multi-objective optimization of controlled blind characteristics improved thermal and visual comfort with ranges of 5–45% and 55–100%, respectively, and lowered overall building energy consumption by 1–19% yearly, depending on the building's geographic orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intralesional immunotherapy with purified protein derivative (PPD) is an effective and tolerable therapeutic modality for the treatment of common warts. However, the complete clearance rates are still unsatisfactory. We thought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding low dose isotretinoin to intralesional PPD versus PPD monotherapy for viral warts. The study included two groups: Group (A) was treated by intralesional PPD at 2‐week intervals until complete clearance or for a maximum of six sessions in addition to an oral placebo. Group (B): was treated with both intralesional PPD and low dose isotretinoin for a 3‐month course. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the therapeutic response. In common warts, the low dose of isotretinoin did not add a true therapeutic value in the studied groups. Perhaps higher doses of isotretinoin could provide a better response, which warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different modalities are used for treatment of common warts, but none of them had been proved the best in achieving complete cure. We aim to compare the effect of cryotherapy, intralesional injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and cryotherapy combined with intralesional injection of tuberculin PPD in the treatment of multiple common warts. This study is a randomized clinical trial in which the patients were randomly divided into three groups; group (A) included 25 patients subjected to cryotherapy, group (B) included 25 patients subjected to intralesional injection of tuberculin PPD and group (C) included 25 patients subjected to cryotherapy plus intralesional injection of tuberculin PPD. All the three groups showed a significant clinical improvement (p < 0.001) with statistically significant difference between cryotherapy group (A) and intralesional injection of tuberculin PPD group (B) (p < 0.001) and between cryotherapy group (A) and cryotherapy plus intralesional injection of tuberculin PPD group (C) (p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between both intralesional injection of tuberculin PPD group alone (B) and cryotherapy plus intralesional injection of tuberculin PPD group (C) (p = 0.213). In Conclusion the cryotherapy combined with intralesional injection of PPD and intralesional injection of PPD alone are better than cryotherapy alone in treatment of multiple common warts. However, better response could be reached in combination of both cryotherapy and intralesional PPD with less number of sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis has been present in the world's population for as long as there has been written language. It is a disease known to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Hebrews, but its etiology eluded the world for thousands of years. Even after the germ theory was accepted and early scientists hypothesized a pathogen as the cause, the identity of the sleeping killer in society remained a mystery. That is until Robert Koch was able to grow and visualize Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Koch introduced his Old Tuberculin solution as a diagnostic therapy of tuberculosis (TB), with the intent to reduce the number of infected persons and stop its spread. Old Tuberculin's ability to treat TB proved minimal, but its diagnostic potential paved the way for more effective tests from von Pirquet, Calmette, Wolff-Eisner, and Mantoux. Florence Seibert set out to identify and purify the active principle in Koch's Old Tuberculin and ended up creating purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin which is still used as the standard for the tuberculin skin test (TST). Interferon-c release assays (IGRAs) are a more modern diagnostic tool for detecting latent TB infection that offer some benefits (and some disadvantages) to TST. TSTs and IGRAs can determine if an individual has been infected with M. tuberculosis but are equally unable to predict progression to active tuberculosis, the diagnosis of which relies on assessment of clinical symptoms, radiographic imaging, and sample culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TGFβ1 signaling pathway is associated with many diseases, which can induce the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and induce liver fibrosis. Studies have shown that 20S-protopanaxadiol (PPD) has a therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis, but the target is unknown. In this study, we confirmed that PPD reduced the mRNA expression of downstream genes of the TGFβ1 pathway, which suggesting PPD is associated with the TGFβ1 pathway. The protein dissociation temperature and dissociation constant (Kd) of PPD on TGFβR1 and TGFβR2 were determined, which showed that PPD combined with TGFβR1 (Kd = 1.54 μM). The docking and simulation methods were used to find their binding sites. Site mutations, protein expression and in vitro binding experiments were performed to demonstrated these sites. In particular, these sites of TGFβR1 were also the active sites of TGFβR2. Therefore, we speculated that PPD blocked the combination of TGFβR1 and TGFβR2 by binding to the D57, R58, P59, and N78 of the TGFβR1 extracellular domain. Thus, PPD could block the transmission of TGFβ1 pathway and inhibit the activation of HSCs, and treating fibrosis. Our studies showed that PPD has the potential to treat diseases related to the TGFβ1 pathway and broadens its clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In automobiles, the demand for HVAC has been rising for decades and the key variables that affect the thermal comfort in a car were identified as air velocity, temperature, radiant temperature, and relative humidity. Thermal comfort estimation in a vehicle depends on the transient behavior of the cabin space and boundaries. The predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) are the available methods to describe and optimize thermal comfort in cabin space. In this paper, the cabin thermal comfort of a minivan was analyzed for reduction of energy consumption with the help of experimental and numerical simulation. Using CFD simulation and validation with experimental data, the flow dynamics inside a vehicle cabin is evaluated based on air velocity, temperature, and comfort indices. With some error for the extreme planes, a strong agreement was reached between the experimental values and the CFD model. With the reduction in the air velocity from 2.3 m/s to 1.3 m/s, the average power required to run the blower can be reduced by 43%, providing an advantage of reducing the capacity of the compressor. The higher PPD values were observed on the walls of the cabin and at the outlet of the AC vents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple viral warts represent a frustrating challenge for both patients and physicians. Management is difficult, primarily due to recalcitrance to standard therapy and high recurrence rates. Recently, intralesional antigen immunotherapy has shown promising efficacy in the treatment of warts. Objective: The aim of our study was to compare efficacy and safety of intralesional PPD versus measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the management of multiple warts. Materials and Methods: One hundred and five patients having multiple warts were randomly divided into group A (PPD), group B (MMR) and group C (normal saline), with 35 patients in each group. In each group, the largest wart was injected intralesionally with 0.1 mL of vaccine at 2 weeks interval until complete clearance or for a maximum of 8 weeks. Results: Out of 105 patients enrolled in the study, 27, 25, and 21 patients completed the study in group A, group B, and group C, respectively. Rest were lost to follow up due to various reasons such as pain and long treatment duration. Complete clearance was seen in 14 patients (51.85%) in group A, 14 patients (56%) in group B, and 0 patients in group C. Partial clearance was seen in four patients (14.81%) in group A, four patients (16%) in group B, and three (14.28%) patients in group C. Nine patients (33.33%) in group A, seven patients (28%) in group B and 18 (85.71%) patients in group C did not respond to immunotherapy. Conclusions: Intralesional immunotherapy by both vaccines is a promising, effective, and safe treatment modality with MMR having slight edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) could contribute to warts and prevalence of warts is estimated to be from 7 to 10 percent of population. Immunity system could recognize bacterial, fungal as well as viral antigens. Researchers got benefit of this through development of antigen immunotherapy intralesional management. Purified protein derivative (PPD) is an intralesional immune-treatment for warts that has shown promising results. Objective: To determine whether intralesional PPD is effective and safe in common warts management. Patients and methods: The study involved twenty patients. History taking, general exam, and complete dermatological exam were performed on each patient to determine the type and number of warts, as well as the size and location of each wart in every patient. Without any pre-sensitization, all patients were then given PPD injection of 0.1 ml into the largest wart every two weeks for a maximum of six treatment sessions, or until the wart was completely cleared. The effectiveness of the treatment was determined by the size and number of warts. PPD injections were also evaluated for patient satisfaction and side effects. There was a follow-up evaluation for wart recurrence six months after the end of the treatment. Results: After 1/3 sessions, the mean of wart size reduction was 11.25 ± 14.67 whereas after 2/3 sessions the mean was 29.80 ± 28.72. After all sessions, the wart size reduction ranged from 0 -- 100 with a mean of 55.55 ± 42.65. 35% of patients had complete wart clearance, 20% had a moderate response, and 40% had an inadequate response, 5% showed marked response. Conclusion: Common warts can be treated with intralesional immunotherapy using PPD, which is a safe, effective, and tolerable treatment modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intralesional immunotherapy using different types of antigens is considered an effective and safe treatment option for different types of warts. However, there are few studies that illustrate the use of these antigens in the treatment of periungual warts as a distinct type of warts. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of three antigens: measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, Candida antigen, and purified protein derivative (PPD) in the treatment of periungual warts. Methods: The study included 150 patients who were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 50 patients in each. Each agent was injected intralesionally at a dose of 0.1 mL into the largest wart at 2-week intervals until complete clearance or for a maximum of 5 sessions. Results: Complete clearance of warts was observed in 70%, 80%, and 74% in PPD, Candida antigen, and MMR vaccine groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the therapeutic response between the 3 studied groups. Adverse effects were transient and insignificant in the 3 groups. No recurrence of the lesions was reported in any of the studied groups. Conclusions: Intralesional antigen immunotherapy seems to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of periungual warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La tuberculosis en una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, que puede cursar sin síntomas en personas sanas. El objetivo de esta investigación se basó en, analizar la relación entre las pruebas bacteriológicas, inmunológica y las radiografías de tórax y comorbilidad más frecuente en pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con tuberculosis pulmonar. Se planteó un estudio transversal analítico, se realizó una revisión de la base de datos de vigilancia epidemiológica de El Salvador de los años 2015 al 2017 del Hospital Nacional General y de Psiquiatría "Dr. José Molina Martínez"; se realizó revisión de expedientes clínicos de cada paciente para establecer las características sociodemográficas de la población y recolectar información de los resultados de las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas. Pacientes que cumplieron criterios de inclusión n=37. La información se procesó en Epi Info 4.2. Los resultados establecen que: Rayos X de tórax positivos en un 86%, prueba de baciloscopia positiva en el 62%, prueba GeneXpert positiva en el 58%; y el derivado proteico purificado (PPD) positivo en el 100% de los pacientes. Al analizar la asociación de variables se utilizó Prueba exacta de Fisher, la asociación entre Rayos X de tórax y baciloscopia da un OR de 22 con p<0.05 (p=0.016); y entre PPD y Rayos X de tórax se obtiene p<0.001 (p=0.001) El resto de las pruebas como el cultivo LJ y el GeneXpert no tuvieron asociación significativa. La prueba bacteriológica que más se asocia con los resultados radiológicos positivos es la baciloscopia y le sigue la PPD [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous warts are frequent conditions that possess much challenge to treat. Objective: To evaluate safety and efficacy of intralesional injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) antigen injection vs MMR (mumps, measles, rubella) antigen for the treatment of multiple warts. Methods: The study included 90 Patients who were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). Each group consisted of (30) patients. Group (A) subjects received intralesional PPD injections. Group (B) subjects received intralesional MMR antigen injection and Group (C) received intralesional saline injection. Results: Full clearance of warts was observed in 18 (60%) of patients in group (A) (70%) vs 24 patients (80%) in group (B). Distal warts completely disappeared in 18 (60%) of patients in group A and 12 (40%) of patients in group B. Infrequent side effects including pain, erythema, and minimal induration were reported in both groups. Conclusion: We established a good safety and efficacy profile for tuberculin PPD and MMR antigens in resistant wart treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immunotherapy for wart employs ability of immune system to recognize certain viral, bacterial, and fungal antigens in previously sensitized individual inducing Type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (up-regulated Th1 cytokines IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ; down-regulated Th2 cytokines IL-10), not only to injected antigen but also against wart virus. Aims: To evaluate and compare the pattern of production of Th1 cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10) in patients receiving immunotherapy with purified-protein-derivative (PPD), Mycobacterium w (Mw), or mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Methods: The cohort study conducted on patients receiving immunotherapy with PPD, Mw, or MMR which was injected intradermally at baseline, repeated every 2 weeks for 6 doses?. Five-millilit?e?r blood was collected for evaluation of cytokines at baseline and 12 weeks of treatment. Blood was centrifuged to separate serum, stored at -80°C. Cytokines were measured by ELISA using a standard kit. Results: Nine participants in PPD group, 11 in Mw group, and 12 in MMR group completed the study. IL-1 was raised from baseline in all study arms and was significant in PPD group (P = 0.008). There was a predicted increase in IFN-γ in Mw and MMR groups but not in the PPD group. In the PPD group, IFN-γ was found to be down regulated. IL-10, a Th 2 cytokine was down regulated in all the groups at the study end from baseline, significantly so in the PPD group (P = 0.027) and MMR group (P = 0.001). TNF-α, being a Th1 cytokine was down regulated in all groups instead of an increase. In PPD group, IL-10 was significantly low at study end in patients who had complete resolution of warts. Limitations: Longer follow-up could not be done due to logistic issues. Conclusion: IL-1, TNF-α upregulation and IL-10 downregulation confirm that cytokine milieu plays an important role in wart immunotherapy. TNF-α has no contributory role. IL-10 can be used as a biomarker of complete response in PPD therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intralesional immunotherapy by different antigens has shown promising efficacy and safety in the treatment of warts. However, the use of these antigens for the treatment of plane warts has been investigated in two studies only. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of three antigens; Measles Mumps, Rubella vaccine (MMR), Candida antigen, and purified protein derivative (PPD) in the treatment of multiple plane warts. The study included 120 patients who were randomly assigned to three groups, 40 patients in each group. Each agent was injected intralesionally at a dose of 0.1 mL into the largest wart at 2‐week intervals until complete clearance or for a maximum of five sessions. Complete clearance of warts was observed in 55% of the PPD group, in 70% of the Candida antigen group, and in 62.5% of the MMR group. No statistically significant difference in the therapeutic response was found between the three groups. Intralesional antigen immunotherapy seems to be a promising well‐tolerated and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of multiple plane warts, with relatively higher efficacy of Candida antigen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Heat Shock Transcription Factor in a key regulatory factor in defense from abiotic stresses in planta. [ Method) In this reasarch, a HSF gene designated MeHSF18 was isolated from cassava leaven through RT-PCR method. The physicochemical properties, protein domain, phylogenetic tree, and expression profiles of MeHSF18 were analyzed. (Result) The full-length cDNA of MeHSF18 Was 867 hp, encoded a polypeptide of 289 amino acid residues with a predicted relative molecular mass of 31.67 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.90. Multiple alignment showed that MeHSF18 shared a significant degree of sequence identify with other HSF proteins in Hevea brusiliensis and Jatropha curcas. The expression profile of 11 cassava tissue showed that the high expression of MeHSF18 wan in root. The transcriptome data results indicated that MeHSF18 was upregulated by drought stress and ABA treament. The expression of MeHSF18 was also induced in cassava PPD process. [Conclusion] These results suggested that MelHSF18 might be involved in ABA mediated drought stress response and participated in PPD process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plant height is an important wheat trait that is regulated by multiple genes, among which Rht is of the utmost value. In wheat, Rht-B1p (=Rht17) is a mutant allele of the Rht gene that encodes for a DELLA-protein and results in the development of gibberellin-insensitive plants with a dwarfing phenotype. The pleiotropic effects of dwarfing genes on yield are highly dependent on both the genetic background and the environmental conditions. In Russia, the Central Non-Black Earth Region and Krasnodar Krai are two economically important regions that require differing management for sustainable wheat production for food, feed and industry. The purpose of our study was to compare the pleiotropic effects of Rht-B1p on the main valuable agronomic traits in the F3:4 families of the spring bread wheat Chris Mutant/Novosibirskaya 67 in the genetic background of Vrn-B1a/vrn-B1 (spring/winter phenotype) and Ppd-D1a/Ppd-D1b (insensitivity/sensitivity to photoperiod) alleles in a field experiment in Moscow and Krasnodar Krai. Results: Plant height was reduced on average by 21 cm (28%) and 25 cm (30%), respectively; Ppd-D1a slightly strengthened the dwarfing effect in Moscow and mitigated it in Krasnodar Krai. Grain weight of the main spike was reduced by Rht-B1p in Moscow and to lesser extent in Krasnodar; Ppd-D1a and Vrn-B1a tended to partially compensate for this loss in Krasnodar Krai. Thousand grain weight was reduced on average by 5.3 g (16%) and 2.9 g (10%) in Moscow and Krasnodar Krai, respectively, but was partially compensated for by Ppd-D1a in Krasnodar Krai. Harvest index was increased due to Rht-B1p by 6 and 10% in Moscow and Krasnodar Krai, respectively. Rht-B1p resulted in a delay of heading by 1–2 days in Moscow. Ppd-D1a accelerated heading by 1 day and 6 days in Moscow and in Krasnodar Krai, respectively. Conclusions: Rht-B1p could be introduced into wheat breeding along with dwarfing genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b. Special attention should be paid to its combination with Ppd-D1a and Vrn-B1a as regulators of developmental rates, compensators of adverse effects of Rht-B1p on productivity and enhancers of positive effect of Rht-B1p on harvest index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus are the most common dermatological diseases being contagious, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Most routinely used treatment modalities are destructive and can cause scarring. Immunotherapy is emerging as new modality of treatment, which enhances cell-mediated immunity against human papillomavirus for clearance of both treated and distant warts. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare efficacy between intralesional Vitamin D3, measles rubella (MR) vaccine, and purified protein derivative (PPD) injection in cutaneous warts. Settings and Design: This was a hospital-based interventional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with cutaneous warts were selected and divided into three groups with 15 patients in each. Treated with Vitamin D3 2 units of 6,00,000IU (15 mg/mL), 0.5 mL/dose 2 units of MR vaccine, and 10 TU of tuberculin PPD (0.1 mL) with 2 units of injections, respectively, with minimum three injections at 2-week intervals given. Follow-up of patients were done for 4 months. Statistical Analysis Used: A total of 45 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into three groups containing 15 patients each with the help of computer-generated random numbers. Results: Patients treated with Vitamin D3 showed complete clearance (12/15) with 3–4 sessions; side effect was pain at the site of injection. Injection with PPD was effective with complete clearance (10/15) but the number of session was higher. MR vaccine needs 6–8 sessions for complete clearance (3/15). Palmoplantar warts were more responding to treatment. Conclusion: Intralesional Vitamin D3, MR vaccine, and PPD are equally efficient in treating verrucae, although Vitamin D3 can be considered safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FDA has approved brexanolone specifically for treatment of adults with postpartum depression (PPD). Administered I.V., it can relieve severe signs and symptoms of PPD within days rather than weeks. This article discusses the benefits and risks of brexanolone as a treatment for PPD, including nursing considerations and patient teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, an investigation of the UFAD system for thermal comfort has been conducted in a high-rise building located in the tropics. The indoor air conditions including temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature have been obtained by conducting the fieldwork while the clothing insulation value and the metabolic rate of the occupants have been obtained by observing the occupants, where these data were used to obtain the predicted mean vote (PMV) and the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) of the examined areas. In addition, the effects of the airflow pattern in the indoor thermal comfort have been investigated, where two different types of diffusers have been compared in order to find out which diffuser can provide a better thermal comfort to the occupants. The FloEFD simulation software is used to simulate the airflow pattern of these diffusers and to analyze the indoor air conditions of the UFAD system and also to examine the local mean age value. Based on the results obtained, the average PMV is approximately − 1.5 for each examined area, where a proper design of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system in a hot and humid country, the PMV result should be approximately equal to − 1. As for the PPD, the range of the PPD obtained falls in between 27.4 and 67.5%, in which it indicates that about more than half of the occupants have dissatisfied with the indoor conditions in the examined building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassava tuberous root, as a staple food crop and industrial raw material worldwide, is highly sensitive to postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) caused by wound. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PPD tolerance remains elusive in cassava. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system is activated at the preliminary stage of PPD and peroxidase (POD) can effectively eliminate ROS. The expression level of MePOD12 and POD enzymatic activity in cassava tuberous roots was considerably up-regulated with PPD occurrence. Yeast two-hybrid and luciferase reporter assay showed that MePOD12 physically interacted with lignin-related cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 15 (MeCAD15) in vitro and in vivo. The MePOD12 -silenced tuberous roots decayed more than control, especially stored at room temperature for 3 and 5 days after harvesting. The total antioxidant capacity, activities of POD, SOD, CAT, CAD and lignin content were lower than those of control. Particularly, after harvest for 3 days, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion substantially increased compared to control. In addition, a proposed model was generated to elaborate the response mechanism of MePOD12 participating in PPD regulation via ROS elimination and lignin accumulation. It provides a new clue for breeding cassava PPD-tolerant varieties. • MePOD12 and MeCAD15 play a positive role in PPD tolerance. • MePOD12 physically interacted with MeCAD15. • MePOD12 participating in PPD regulation via ROS elimination and lignin accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a computational investigation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) interaction with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) within PPD/DNS charge transfer (CT) complex. All calculations were performed by M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory in vacuum, water and methanol. EDA analysis was used to control the complexation process and suggested that electrostatic and dispersion energies contributes greatly in stabilizing PPD/DNS CT complex. The results of energy optimization showed that PPD/DNS CT complex is stable with negative complexation energy; the obtained geometries showed that ammonium group of PPD is closed to carboxylate one of DNS enabling the establishment of large number of interactions. Additionally, different analyses were performed on obtained optimized structures: TD-DFT, NBO, QTAIM and NCI. Consequently, NBO, QTAIM and NCI analysis give that PPD/DNS CT complex is stabilized by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports on an experimental study performed in a seminar room of the University of Luxembourg in a building of the 1970ies without a major renovation. This lecture room is typical for this building period and has a capacity of 60 seats. It is equipped with a mechanical ventilation system that is normally in operation on workdays for 11 hours a day in semester periods (8:00–19:00h), while windows can be opened manually. A blower‐door test revealed that the room is not airtight. During a year, the ventilation system was shut "on" and "off" in periods of some weeks and the consumed final‐energy was measured, as well as the indoor climate assessed by physical and psychological measurements. For instance, the measured CO2 concentrations are marginally better with the ventilation system „on", which was not perceived in any way by the occupants during the investigations. It was not possible to properly identify the impact of ventilation on the consumed heat‐energy, as the room could not be thermally separated from the rest of the building. But with the system "on", there was a clear increase in consumed primary energy due to the electric consumption of the fans. No relationship between the perceived percentage of dissatisfied and perceived climate could be observed. It is concluded that the typical normal operation modus is questionable for seminar rooms in older buildings with variable occupancy and that a simple shut down or semi‐automatic user‐controlled modus by low‐cost retrofit seems advantageous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Viral warts are caused by human papillomavirus. Many therapeutic options are available for treating warts. Newer and effective treatments include intralesional immunotherapy, has been tried in the recent times with variable success rates. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intralesional vitamin D3 versus purified protein derivative (PPD) in the treatment of multiple cutaneous warts. Methods: A total of 62 patients were included in the study, each patient had at least 3 common warts, one or more of them injected with 0.1 of intralesional PPD, one or more injected with 0.5 of vitamin D3 and one or more were control according to number of warts of each patient and up to 4 sessions. The clinical assessment was done by photographic measurements at baseline, before each treatment session, and after the completion of treatment. Results: In PPD-injected lesions. 43 patients (69.4%) showed complete clearance (100%) and 13 patients (20.9%) showed partial response (25% - 99%). While, in vitamin D3-injected lesions, 22 patients (35.5%) showed complete clearance while 21 patients (33.9%) showed partial response. On comparing between PPD, vitamin D3 and control, both PPD and vit D3 were statistically significant compared to control and PPD was more statistically significant than vit D3 (P3 = 0.019) in effectiveness and less in recurrence rate. Conclusions: PPD and vitamin D3 were found to be effective, well-tolerated modalities of treatment of multiple common warts. Intralesional PPD was more statistically significant in effectiveness and less in recurrence rate than intralesional vitamin D3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indoor thermal environment of buildings influences people's health, well-being and productivity, as well as energy consumption. The importance of thermal comfort in buildings has been recognized for decades. However, this aspect is still incipient in the Colombian construction industry, especially in housing projects. In this research, the thermal performance of three common housing types in the city of Medellin was analyzed. To do this, the operative temperature, the predicted mean vote (PMV) and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) were calculated in accordance with ISO 7730:2005. The results showed that the thermal inertia of two of the three types of housing examined was insufficient to offer adequate thermal conditions, despite the temperate climate of the Aburra Valley. These results warn about the vulnerability of urban population in Colombia to extreme temperature fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an ongoing discussion on whether routinely patch testing with p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) 1.0% pet. is safe, owing to the risk of patch test sensitization. Late‐appearing patch test reactions may reflect patch test sensitization, but may also be attributable to a low degree of pre‐existing sensitization. Objectives: To follow the positive patch test reactions to PPD and its salt PPD dihydrochloride (PPD‐DHC) in order to characterize reaction patterns concerning time and dose in PPD‐sensitized individuals. Methods: Volunteers with previous reactions to PPD 1.0% were included and patch tested with PPD and PPD‐DHC in equimolar dilution series. There were then seven follow‐up visits over a period of 28 days. Results: Twenty‐six volunteers completed the study, of whom 23 of 26 (88%) reacted to PPD 1.0%, and 69% reacted to PPD 0.32%. Altogether, 42% and 27% reacted to the corresponding equimolar concentrations of PPD‐DHC. After day 7, no new reactions were observed to any concentration tested, either of PPD or of PPD‐DHC. Conclusion: No late‐appearing reactions to PPD or PPD‐DHC were observed at any dose. There is a risk of missing contact allergy when the dose is decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]