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Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the density of nerve fibers in the functional layer of the endometrium in patients with endometriosis in order to determine if it could be used as a minimally invasive diagnostic method for endometriosis. A secondary goal was to assess the relationship between the severity of pelvic pain due to endometriosis and the density of nerve fibers in endometrial sampling materials. Methods: Endometrial sampling was performed in 67 patients who presented at the hospital between August 2011 and November 2012. Endometriosis was diagnosed by surgical histopathological examination. A total of 34 patients diagnosed with endometriosis were selected as the study group. Thirty-three patients who were operated on for benign conditions other than endometriosis were selected as a control group. Immunohistochemical detection of the nerve fiber marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used to analyze the endometrial samples for nerve fibers. Visual Analogue Scale scores were used to evaluate the correlation between nerve fiber density and the severity of pelvic pain. Statistical analyses were calculated with SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The mean density of nerve fibers was 1.85±1.74 fibers/mm2 in the endometriosis group. In the control group, the mean density was 1.15±1.48 fibers/mm2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.08). The pelvic pain score did not correlate with PGP 9.5 intensity. Conclusion: The detection and measurement of nerve fibers in the eutopic endometrium using the PGP 9.5 marker was not found to be a decisive noninvasive method to diagnose endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the relationship between pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free betahuman chorionic gonadotropin (ßhCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), nuchal translucency (NT), crown-rump length (CRL), and second trimester Doppler ultrasound (US) indices of uterine arteries and birth weight, and evaluated predictive value of the data for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Methods: A total of 103 patients in first trimester who came to the hospital obstetric clinic for routine prenatal examination between June 2010 and June 2011 were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: IUGR group with birth weight below 10th percentile and the control group. In all, 83 infants were of normal birth weight and 20 were small for gestational age (SGA). Results: Mean body mass index (BMI) of women who delivered SGA babies was significantly lower than that of the control group (p=0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of PAPP-A levels, ßhCG levels, CRL, NT measurements, or hemoglobin levels. There was no difference in fetal biophysical measurements. Although diastolic notch in uterine arteries was seen more frequently in SGA group, it did not reach the level of significance. Second trimester maternal serum AFP levels evaluated as multiple of median (MoM) were higher in SGA group than in the control group (p=0.009). Findings were confirmed with Pearson correlation analysis (p=0.028; r=-0.327). Conclusion: First trimester maternal serum screening markers were not associated with SGA fetus. Presence of diastolic notch in bilateral uterine arteries at 20 and 24 weeks may have a value for predicting SGA fetus. Higher MoM levels of maternal serum AFP were associated with SGA fetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the type of HPV that causes lesion in women with genital warts and to compare them with cervical HPV and cytology samples Materıal And Methods: HPV typing and cervical cytology were performed from women who applied to our hospital between April 2014 and April 2015 due to genital warts. The study was a prospective study and approval was obtained from the ethics committee of our hospital and the informed consent was obtained to the women who accepted to participate in the study. Forty women were given to our study. Results: Our study was carried out on 44 patients whose ages ranged from 17 to 60 years. The mean age of the patients was 35.75 ± 11.67 years. While 17 (38.6%) of the cases were under 30 years of age, 27 (61.4%) were over 30 years of age. In HPV typing in genital lesion, 35 (79.5%) HPV type 6-11 were detected, 3 (6.8%) HPV type 16-18 were detected, and 6 (13.6%) could not have HPV. When the cervical HPV results were examined; 30 (68.2%) HPV type 6-11, 3 (6.8%) HPV type 16-18, 2 (4.5%) HPV other high type were observed, 9 (20.5%) cases were cervical HPV negative. When the cervical cytology of the patients were examined; While 35 (79.5%) smear results were normal, 5 (11.4%) ASCUS and 4 (9.1%) LGSIL were detected. Conclusıon: It should be considered that increased risk of cervical HPV and cervical dysplasia in patients presenting with genital warts. Cervical examination should be performed carefully in non-virgin patients with condyloma, cytological sampling should be taken and colposcopy- guided biopsy should be taken if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Operations performed with only local anesthesia may be extremely painful and discomfortable for patients. The present study aims to investigate the optimal analgesic method in endometrial sampling and fractional curettage procedures. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical study was conducted at our Clinic between March 2007 and December 2014. Two hundred fifty patients were randomized into five groups as follows: intrauterine saline group (group 1, n=50), paracervical lidocaine group (group 2, n=50), intrauterine lidocaine group (group 3, n=50), oral and vaginal misoprostol group (group4, n=50), oral misoprostol and 550 mg naproxen sodium group (group 5, n=50). All groups were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) before the procedure, during the procedure and 30 minutes after the procedure. Results: Assessment of increase in pain during the procedure showed that the paracervical lidocaine group and intrauterine lidocaine group were effective in providing mild pain (VAS: 0-2). These two groups were also effective to prevent maximal pain (VAS: 7-10). The paracervical lidocaine group had the lowest median VAS score was compared with all groups. Conclusion: Effective analgesia for endometrial sampling and fractional curettage were provided with the paracervical lidocaine and intrauterine lidocaine administration. The procedure with the lowest median VAS score was paracervical lidocaine administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the colposcopic examination findings and biopsy results in women who tested positive for oncogenic Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) types other than HPV-16 and 18 while having otherwise normal Pap test results. Material and Method: This paper analyzes the results from a total of 300 women who tested positive for non-16/18 HPV types but had otherwise normal Pap test and underwent a colposcopic examination in our hospital between January 2017 and December 2017. The study subjects presented with postcoital bleeding, had a family history of cancer or exhibited macroscopic examination findings which were suspected to be malign. A co-test was scheduled one year later for 39 patients (13%) who had no lesions suspected of malignancy and a colposcopy-guided tissue sample was performed on 261 patients. Results: Histological examination results included inflammation (in 186 patients [62%]), CIN 1 (in 61 patients [20.33%]), CIN 2 (in 9 patients [3%], CIN 3 (in 3 patients [1%]) and cervical cancer (in 2 patients [%0.67]). Conclusion: One should keep in mind that a diagnosis of CIN 2 or more severe lesions or even cervical cancer can be made using a colposcopy-guided biopsy in women who test positive for non 16/18 HPV types but have otherwise normal Pap smear test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]