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Communities in a network are groups of nodes that are more strongly connected to each other. This article proposes a novel method for community detection in dynamic networks, focusing on influential nodes and overlapping communities. The method, named community detection based on adaptive multi-centrality aggregation (CDAMA), tackles two key challenges identifying influential nodes and overlapping communities. CDAMA introduces the Adaptive multi-centrality aggregation (AMCA) approach to identify influential nodes. AMCA integrates multiple centrality measures. The adaptive overlap control and merging (AOC-CM) approach addresses overlapping communities. AOC-CM utilizes structural, temporal, and semantic factors to strategically merge communities while preserving those with minimal overlap. CDAMA consists of five phases: receiving network snapshots, selecting influential nodes, launching communities, checking overlap and merging communities, and updating communities. Evaluation on three benchmark datasets demonstrates that CDAMA outperforms existing state-of-th-art methods in terms of Newman modularity, Modularity with split penalty and density modularity and Execution time. This suggests CDAMA is a valuable tool for tasks like viral marketing, information diffusion analysis, and network resilience studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the strategy for developing large-scale solid aluminum structures with multi-bead multi-layer (MBML) overlapping using wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The study addresses challenges, i.e. material accumulation, surface irregularities, and inter-bead and inter-layer gaps, by examining deposits' geometrical characteristics, process parameters, and deposition methods. Initial test coupon solid blocks are printed and analyzed using optical microscopy, and subsequent statistical optimization leads to the successful printing of a defect-free 140 mm × 150 mm × 28 mm solid block. The flat surface achieved in the MBML structure is attributed to maintaining an optimal overlap coefficient and a parabolic profile with the maximum width at the base. Microstructural analysis reveals the absence of fusion gaps, with an average porosity of 11.7 ± 2.45%, due to hydrogen evolution and reheating effects, with few larger pores near fusion lines. The microstructural and mechanical analyses confirm the homogeneity of properties along the overlapping direction (OD), with microhardness averaging 85.80 ± 6.63 HV0.1 and tensile strength of 161.55 ± 1.19 MPa with 2.18 ± 0.08% elongation. Microhardness fluctuations along the OD are attributed to fusion boundaries, partially melted and heat-affected zones. The research revealed that careful consideration of bead geometry and process parameters is crucial for achieving defect-free aluminum solid structures in WAAM through MBML overlapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of a logical formal representation of the overlapping signs of child abuse (CA) is a knowledge gap that affects identification, evaluation, and intervention processes in different fields of knowledge, especially forensic and clinical. This study aimed to analyze through a literature review to what extent the signs and symptoms of the different types of CA present co-occurrence and overlap (intersection) between them; what is exposed as an input to propose a logical formal representation. To do this, a quick literature review of the scientific production published on the co-occurrence of signs in the different modalities of child abuse is carried out. Twenty-six articles published from 2017 to October 2022 were systematized. The results show the challenges that professionals have in the evaluation processes and the establishment of the causal link, given that sharing the signs between different types of CA could generate false positives and false negatives; therefore, caution must be exercised when establishing relationships between psychological and behavioral manifestations and MI hypotheses. Finally, a logical formal representation of the superposition of signs is proposed and with it, empirical evidence to the frame of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe system thermal-hydraulic (STH) code SAM has been coupled to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Simcenter STARCCM+ utilizing a hybrid domain overlapping coupling method in space and an explicit coupling in time. The coupling aims to extend the STH code’s applicability to scenarios where local momentum and energy transfers are important yet difficult for STH standalone models to capture, such as three-dimensional (3D) mixing and thermal stratification. The coupling method’s numerical stability was previously verified against multiple test cases including two closed-loop configurations, and it was validated against a double T-junction experiment with 3D scalar mixing.In the present work, the method is validated against the TALL-3D STH/CFD coupling benchmark facility. TALL-3D is a liquid-metal facility with a large, pool-type enclosure (test section) that exhibits 3D flow effects to be modeled by a CFD code. The rest of the system exhibits approximately one-dimensional behavior that is well predicted by a STH code. First, a STAR-CCM+ CFD model of the 3D test section is validated against experimental temperature data. Then a SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model is validated against six different TALL-3D steady states and includes SAM standalone results for comparison. Last, the coupled model is validated against two TALL-3D transients: one exhibiting flow reversal in the test section and one exhibiting nonlinear, limit cycle oscillations (LCOs).For the first transient, the SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model properly predicts an increase in the test section’s inlet temperature during flow reversal, and this increase is not predicted by the SAM standalone model. The coupled model also better predicts initial flow recovery and subsequent oscillations as the system approaches a final natural circulation state. For the second transient, no true final steady state is observed due to LCOs. Neither the SAM-STARCCM+ coupled model nor the SAM standalone model can perfectly capture the experiment’s changing oscillation frequency during the transient. Nevertheless, the coupled model does reproduce the general oscillatory feedback observed.This is a significant achievement because the present coupling only uses an explicit coupling in time, as opposed to a tighter, semi-implicit coupling. In comparison, STH/CFD coupling efforts previously performed by other authors required a semi-implicit coupling to obtain similar results to this work. The strengths of the novel coupling scheme validated in the present paper lie in the superior convergence characteristics and the much simpler, nonintrusive implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a past few years, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process faced many issues such as cavity creation, unstable thermal capillary convection, and thermodynamic instability during the printing of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy. Hence, the important LPBF process variables such as exposure duration (ED) of 300, 400, and 500 µs; laser power (LP) of 370, 420, and 470 W; and overlapping percentage (OP) of 20, 40, and 60% needs to be examined based on the interactions of various combinations of parameters to fabricate a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy parts with reduced porosity, maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and minimum nano-indentation depth (NID). Moreover, analytical studies were also performed based on the COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) approach. The proposed analytical approach shows better concurrence with the experimental observations. The optimal and initial variables obtained from the analytical and experimental approach were compared. The Cu-Cr-Zr alloy printed with optimal parameter settings possesses maximum UTS of 367 MPa and minimum NID of 321.51 nm. These enhanced results were mainly due to the occurrence of reduced porosity of 0.27%. Moreover, FESEM based fracture mechanism were investigated to study the propagation of cracks based on the defects formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a web application that seeks to facilitate the selection of research articles that are relevant or not to a topic. The process starts when a researcher writes a search string, which is sent to the Scopus API. With the results obtained, a grouping process is carried out to generate a visualization by groups or topics instead of the traditional ordered lists of results, making it easier for users to discard groups of articles irrelevant to their query. The proposal uses five clustering algorithms, among which Spectral and K-means exhibited the best performance in classical information retrieval metrics on four state of the art datasets. The application was assessed in two rounds by researchers of Universidad del Cauca, who, in the final round, considered that 71.4% of the clusters had a good title, 92.9% of the clusters had a good document order, and 65.8% of the articles were well clustered. The implementation of overlapping in grouping stands out since it allows articles to belong to several topics. Finally, the results are promising, and the application constitutes a valuable contribution for researchers in developing their projects. However, the results are not generalizable, and the need to create better labeling algorithms to generate more descriptive titles is evident, along with the use of tools to assist the user in query construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Savonius-like hydrokinetic turbine (SAHT) in low-speed flow streams of perennial rivers is not much explored. In this paper, a triple-bladed double-stage SAHT is designed, and its performance is investigated for low flow speeds within 0.45-0.65 m/s under the effect of blade overlapping (within 10-20% in each stage), turbine diameter (within 208-234 mm), and without and with space between the stages (5.0 mm) at different operating speed ratios. Different combinations of design and operating input parameters are studied to obtain a reliable assessment of SAHT performance. After analyzing the results, the best conditions of input parameters and output performance parameters are reported in their nondimensional forms for future use of the obtained results. The torque produced by the turbine increased with the applied brake load, leading to its maximum value at the highest brake load 0.83 times the maximum load. The highest coefficient of performance is obtained as 0.086 at a space 0.25 times the maximum space (i.e. 20 mm), overlapping 15%, brake load 0.83 times the maximum load, tip speed ratio 0.276. And for this, the corresponding power 0.85 times the maximum power (i.e. 0.201 W) at free-stream flow speed of 0.85 times the maximum flow speed (i.e. 0.65 m/s) is obtained. The present turbine with space and overlapping exhibits better performance than some available SAHT designs of single/double stage, two-blade/multi-blade with/without overlap configurations. The novelty of the work is that an improved SAHT has been developed for low-flow speed perennial river applications in the band of low tip speed ratios by combining design conditions like double-stage, space between stages, and overlapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recommender system (RS) aims to predict user preferences based on automatic data acquisition, and those collected data assist in achieving the final decision. However, RS suffers from data sparsity issues over the newly launched system, and the lack of time to deal with the massive data is also a challenging factor. To acquire proper outcomes, cross-domain RS intends to transfer knowledge from the specific domain with quality enriched data to help recommendations to the target domains. The entities may or may not be overlapped, and it is common for the entities of two domains to be overlapped. These overlapping entities may show variations in their target domain, and avoiding these issues leads to distorted prediction outcomes over the cross-domain RS. To address these issues, this research concentrates on modeling and efficient cross-domain RS using the generative and discriminative adversarial network (CRS-GDAN) model for kernel-based transfer modeling. Domain specific is considered to handle the feature space of overlapped entities, and transfer computation is adopted to handle the overlapping and non-overlapping entity correlation among the domains. Based on the anticipated concept, knowledge transfer is achieved rigorously even in the case of overlapping entities, thus diminishing the data sparsity issues. The experimentation is performed using an available online dataset, and the model attains a 20% better outcome than other approaches. The outcomes specify that the knowledge transfer from source to destination target is advantageous even in overlapping issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the characteristics of overlapping meta-analyses based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which reported PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in non-small cell cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Meta-analyses were identified from English and Chinese databases until January 1, 2022. Differences in characteristics of overlapping meta-analyses that conducted in China and other countries were compared to assess their publication propensity. The corrected covered area (CCA) and coverage of relevant RCTs were analyzed for subtopics according to detailed intervention types. The waste and redundancy of evidence were assessed in the case of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy for second-line treatment for NSCLC. Results: Fifty-nine meta-analyses published in English and 17 meta-analyses published in Chinese reporting 26 RCTs were identified. Fifty-three (69.74%) meta-analyses were conducted in China. The overlapping meta-analyses in China were more likely to be from hospitals, supported by government funding, integrate first and second-line therapies. Five of the six subtopics had overlapping meta-analyses according to specific types of interventions. The CCA of overlapping meta-analyses ranged from 33.33 to 63.19%, and the coverage of relevant RCTs ranged from 63.64 to 100%. All the conclusions of overlapping meta-analyses have been consistent in the subtopic of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy for second-line treatment since 2017. Conclusion: Overlapping meta-analyses of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC hints that meta-analyses under this topic probably exist serious redundancy. Future research should focus on prospective registration of protocols for systematic reviews/meta-analyses, scientific designed PICO, and cumulative meta-analysis to reduce redundant and wasted studies. Journals should strengthen the requirement for reviewing previously published evidence in manuscript review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concurrent engineering through overlapping of activities (i.e., fast-tracking) has been used as a schedule acceleration technique. Fast-track construction projects are generally recognized as riskier and subject to risks arising due to the concurrency of work. This work reports the risk perception of construction professionals to three different degrees of overlapping. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data, and the analysis applied data transformation and descriptive statistics. The risks were mainly perceived in the middle degree of overlapping and in activities occurring earlier in the schedule. The low and high degrees of overlapping were mainly perceived as having no risk or not being feasible, respectively. The four risk types accounted for most of the perceived threats: construction error, design change, crew interference, and poor construction productivity. The findings of this study suggest that construction professionals perceive risks differently based on the amount of activity overlapping. It is consistent with previous studies that found that risks decrease as the project advances and that fast-track projects face additional risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze fraud in depth based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code in agreements that may result in breach of contract, as well as to examine the legal implications of commercial contracts containing elements of fraud based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code, where fraud can be annulled or declared void ab initio. The method used in this research is normative research on legal principles contained in Article 1328 of the Civil Code. The data used in this research are secondary data. The secondary data used in this research consist of primary legal materials that are authoritative, meaning they have authority, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that fraud based on Article 1328 of the Civil Code in agreements does not result in breach of contract. This is because breach of contract and fraud in civil law have different elements. Breach of contract is regulated in Article 1243 of the Civil Code, while fraud in civil law is regulated in Article 1328 of the Civil Code. Breach of contract (negligence or inadvertence) by a party can take four forms: First, not doing what was promised to be done; Second, performing what was promised but not as promised; Third, performing what was promised but late; Fourth, doing something that, according to the agreement, should not be done. Meanwhile, fraud, as referred to in this research, consists of the concept of fraud found in Article 1328 of the Civil Code, namely, the presence of defects in will. Defects in will are caused by: mistake or negligence, coercion, and fraud. Therefore, to determine when breach of contract occurs and when fraud occurs depends on a person's intention. If there was already a malicious intent before the contract was closed/signed, then this constitutes an act of fraud. If a person's malicious intent arises after the contract is closed/signed, then this is an act of breach of contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community detection has been (and remains) a very important topic in several fields. From marketing and social networking to biological studies, community detection plays a key role in advancing research in many different fields. Research on this topic originally looked at classifying nodes into discrete communities (non-overlapping communities) but eventually moved forward to placing nodes in multiple communities (overlapping communities). Unfortunately, community detection has always been a time-inefficient process, and datasets are too large to realistically process them using traditional methods. Because of this, recent methods have turned to parallelism and graph stream models, where the edge list is accessed one edge at a time. However, all these methods, while offering a significant decrease in processing time, still have several shortcomings. We propose a new parallel algorithm called community detection with seed sets (CoDiS), which solves the overlapping community detection problem in graph streams. Initially, some nodes (seed sets) have known community structures, and the aim is to expand these communities by processing one edge at a time. The innovation of our approach is that it splits communities among the parallel computation workers so that each worker is only updating a subset of all the communities. By doing so, we decrease the edge processing throughput and decrease the amount of time each worker spends on each edge. Crucially, we remove the need for every worker to have access to every community. Experimental results show that we are able to gain a significant improvement in running time with no loss of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compensation is one important factor that can motivate employees to improve performance. The compensation given by the company must be commensurate with the company's workload, job risks, and the competencies that accompany the position. The company is obliged to provide both financial and non-financial compensation so that the employees' standard of living needs (KHL) can be met. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate compensation system based on job value. The object of this research is UKM Catering located in Bekasi City. UKM Catering is engaged in the culinary field, which focuses on the catering sector. The research methods used are quantitative and qualitative methods based on trusted scientific journals and articles. This research focuses on the compensation system and standard of living needs of UKM Catering employees. The data processing and analysis method used to develop a job value-based compensation system and job grading in Catering UKM is using Compensable Factors analysis using Adhered Salary Mapping, Salary Mapping Overlapping. The results of this study indicate that an effective compensation system to be implemented by Catering UKM is by using the Overlapping method. This is because the overlapping method of salary distribution is more profitable because the salary increase is not as big as the adhered method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dramatically increasing nitrogen fertiliser prices and growing environmental awareness emphasise the need to optimise machine operability to avoid double overlapping of the target dose rate in different field units, including headlands and field bodies, to be more congruent with satellite-based nitrogen prescription maps. However, the map grids frequently do not correspond with farmers' management practices, specifically machine operability. To this end, this study develops an algorithm that subdivides any given field into operable units by considering pneumatic spreaders based on the actual tramline on the field and placing the operable units along with this. The newly developed algorithm allows ex-ante specification of the required fertiliser amount. It shows how well such techniques can implement an optimised application map supported by the statistical information for each field unit. Uniform fertilizer application can further be compared with variable rate application (VRA) as well as machinery with and without section control, allowing the identification of areas with the greatest deviation and the excess amount of nitrogen applied. A more precise nitrogen application on both homogeneous or heterogeneous field units saves nitrogen and decreases the negative environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the compensation system in XYZ SMEs based on overlapping methods. The research method used is to collect data through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that XYZ SME entrepreneurs still use an improper compensation system. As a result, the compensation received by workers is not proportional to the performance already produced. The compensation system used by XYZ SMEs is an overlapping method with several performance appraisal indicators. However, there are some shortcomings to this system such as lack of flexibility in assessing the performance of employees who have different duties and responsibilities. Boya Dwilingga Ramdaniar, Dennisa Nasyavini Putri, Lindawati Kartika, Naufal Fahar Muhammad, Nazwa Nurshadrina, Sisca Marisa 782 Syntax Idea, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 2023 This study also analyzed overlapping methods for compensation systems in XYZ SMEs. This method can provide a more comprehensive and holistic picture of performance to employees. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that adjustments need to be made so that the compensation system in XYZ SMEs can better suit the needs and characteristics of employees and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of reviews aims to collect, assess, and synthesize evidence from multiple systematic reviews (SRs) on a specific topic using rigorous and reproducible methods. An important methodological challenge in conducting an overview of reviews is the management of overlapping data due to the inclusion of the same primary studies in SRs. We present a free, open‐source R package called ccaR (https://github.com/thdiakon/ccaR) that provides easy‐to‐use functions for assessing the degree of overlap of primary studies in an overview of reviews with the use of the corrected cover area (CCA) index. A worked example with and without consideration of chronological structural missingness is outlined, illustrating the steps involved in, calculating the CCA index and creating a publication‐ready heatmap. We expect ccaR to be useful for overview authors, methodologists, and reviewers who are familiar with the basics of R and contribute to the discussion on different methodological approaches for implementing the CCA index. Future research and applications could further investigate the functionality or potential limitations of our package and other potential uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas chromatography (GC) techniques for analyzing and determining the cannabinoid profile in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) are widely used in standard laboratories; however, these methods may mislabel the profile when used under rapid conditions. Our study aimed to highlight this problem and optimize GC column conditions and mass spectrometry (MS) parameters to accurately identify cannabinoids in both standards and forensic samples. The method was validated for linearity, selectivity, and precision. It was observed that when tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiolic acid (CBD-A) were examined using rapid GC conditions, the resulting derivatives generated identical retention times. Wider chromatographic conditions were applied. The linear range for each compound ranged from 0.02 μg/mL to 37.50 μg/mL. The R2 values ranged from 0.996 to 0.999. The LOQ values ranged from 0.33 μg/mL to 5.83 μg/mL, and the LOD values ranged from 0.11 μg/mL to 1.92 μg/mL. The precision values ranged from 0.20% to 8.10% RSD. In addition, forensic samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) in an interlaboratory comparison test, with higher CBD and THC content than GC–MS determination (p < 0.05) in samples. Overall, this study highlights the importance of optimizing GC techniques to avoid mislabeling cannabinoids in cannabis samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated disease that leads to dysregulation of epidermal proliferation. Plaque psoriasis is the most common psoriasis variant characterized with pruritic, well-defined erythematous plaques accompanied with thick silvery scales. Widespread lesions may require long-term immunosuppressive treatments that can lead to certain opportunistic infections such as verruca vulgaris. The role human papillomavirus (HPV) in psoriatic skin lesions is still unclear. It is thought that HPV is associated with the precipitation of psoriatic lesions. We report a case of a 65-year-old male patient with severe plaque psoriasis with an uncommon clinical presentation of widespread verruca vulgaris overlapping the psoriasis lesions thought to be caused by long-term treatment of methotrexate, prompting physicians to be more aware of the potential complications of using immunosuppressants for the management of various immunological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the advent of DNA profiling, fingerprints still play an important role in suspect identification. However, if single crime scene marks may be challenging to identify, overlapping fingermarks, understandably, pose an even greater challenge. In the last decade, mass spectrometry-imaging methods have provided a possible solution to the separation of fingermarks from two or more donors, based on the differential chemical composition. However, there are no studies attempting to separate overlapping marks from the same donor. This is important in relation to fingermark deposition at different times, which could be critical, for example, to ascertain legitimate access to the scene. In the work presented here, we investigate whether Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Imaging can separate the same donor's fingermarks deposited at different times based on intra-donor fingermark composition variability. Additionally, the hypothesis that the different times of deposition could be also determined was investigated in the view of linking the suspect at the scene at different times; the dating window of MALDI MSI within the selected molecular range was explored. Results show that it is possible to separate overlapping fingermarks from the same donor in most cases, even from natural marks. Fresh marks (0 days) could be separated from those of fourteen days of age, though the latter could not be distinguished from the set aged for seven days. Due to the use of only one donor, these are to be considered preliminary data, though findings are interesting enough to warrant further investigation of the capabilities and limitations of this approach using a larger cohort of donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the authority of provincial governments related to mining business permits. Moreover, DPRD supervision of local governments related to overlapping of overlapping mining business permits in North Maluku Province. The research method used in this study is the type of research used in the research is normative legal research as a process to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced. The scientific logic that in normative legal research is built on scientific discipline and the ways in which normative legal science works, legal science whose object is law itself. The results of this study show that the authority of provincial governments related to mining business permits is explicitly regulated in the provisions of Article 14 paragraph (1) Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government which reads "the implementation of government affairs in the fields of forestry, marine, as well as energy and mineral resources becomes a concurrent affair which is a division of authority between the central and provincial governments", The provisions of Article 14 paragraph (1) regulate mining business permits (IUP) which are no longer the authority of the regency government anymore, but become the authority of the provincial and central governments. The transfer of authority to issue mining business licenses (IUP), has a juridical impact on the provisions related to this matter will certainly change, but in its implementation the old provisions are used until there are new provisions that adapt to these rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze law enforcement of misuse of personal data related to illegal online loans (fintech) as a form of mayantara crime in a cyber perspective and examine the liability of illegal online loans (illegal fintech desk collectors) in a criminal law perspective. The research method used in this study is the type of research used in the research is normative legal research as a process to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced. The scientific logic that in normative legal research is built on scientific discipline and the ways in which normative legal science works, that is, legal science whose object is law itself. The results of this study show that the enforcement of the Law on Misuse of Personal Data Related to Online Loans (Illegal Fintech) as a Form of Mayantara Crime in a Cyber Perspective is based on the reason that the rampant public activities on electronic media, the Electronic Transaction Information Law was born, namely Law Number 19 of 2016 on Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions concerning Electronic Information and Transactions ( ITE) with Considerations can be found in the consideration section, especially in the "Considering" section which states that information globalization has placed Indonesia as part of the world information society so that it requires the establishment of regulations regarding the management of Information and Electronic Transactions at the national level so that the development of Information Technology can be carried out optimally, evenly, and spread to all levels of society in order to educate the nation's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical model was developed for rectangular overlapped platelet reinforced composites subjected to unidirectional axial load. Two sets of the matrix/platelet displacement solutions (far-field and transient), were exactly derived based on the theory of elasticity. These displacement solutions were then superposed for achieving analytical expressions for the matrix/platelet 3D stress field components over the entire composite system including the platelet end region, using the adding imaginary fiber technique. The platelet/matrix components could exactly satisfy the equilibrium and compatibility conditions and satisfy the equilibrium requirements and the overall boundary conditions. The obtained analytical results were then validated by the Shear-lag model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tensor completion methods based on the tensor train (TT) have the issues of inaccurate weight assignment and ineffective tensor augmentation pre-processing. In this work, we propose a novel tensor completion approach via the element-wise weighted technique. Accordingly, a novel formulation for tensor completion and an effective optimization algorithm, called tensor completion by parallel weighted matrix factorization via tensor train (TWMac-TT), is proposed. In addition, we specifically consider the recovery quality of edge elements from adjacent blocks. Different from traditional reshaping and ket augmentation, we utilize a new tensor augmentation technique called overlapping ket augmentation, which can further avoid blocking artifacts. We then conduct extensive performance evaluations on synthetic data and several real image data sets. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm TWMac-TT outperforms several other competing tensor completion methods. The code is available at https://github.com/yzcv/ TWMac-TT-OKA [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The exponential growth of published systematic reviews (SRs) presents challenges for decision makers seeking to answer clinical, public health or policy questions. In 1997, an algorithm was created by Jadad et al. to choose the best SR across multiple. Our study aims to replicate author assessments using the Jadad algorithm to determine: (i) if we chose the same SR as the authors; and (ii) if we reach the same results.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Database of SRs. We included any study using the Jadad algorithm. We used consensus building strategies to operationalise the algorithm and to ensure a consistent approach to interpretation.Results: We identified 21 studies that used the Jadad algorithm to choose one or more SRs. In 62% (13/21) of cases, we were unable to replicate the Jadad assessment and ultimately chose a different SR than the authors. Overall, 18 out of the 21 (86%) independent Jadad assessments agreed in direction of the findings despite 13 having chosen a different SR.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the Jadad algorithm is not reproducible between users as there are no prescriptive instructions about how to operationalise the algorithm. In the absence of a validated algorithm, we recommend that healthcare providers, policy makers, patients and researchers address conflicts between review findings by choosing the SR(s) with meta-analysis of RCTs that most closely resemble their clinical, public health, or policy question, are the most recent, comprehensive (i.e. number of included RCTs), and at the lowest risk of bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease with a low transmission rate, affecting the skin, peripheral nerves, eyes, and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, yet it may also be systemic. Cases of borderline leprosy are the acute or subacute stages of the disease. They are immunologically unstable and reflect the gradual variation in resistance against the etiological agent. Localized scleroderma or morphea is a fibrosing disease of the skin and underlying tissues that results from the disrupted function of growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, i.e., PDGF) and receptor expression (as in the case of transforming growth factor ß, i.e., TGF-ß). Herein, we report a female patient with borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT) who, during multidrug treatment (MDT), developed an indurated lesion of morphea exactly on the surface of an infiltrated patch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel technique for efficient computation of bivariate empirical copulas and, by extension, non-parametrical copulas. The algorithm addresses discrete and finite equations, integrating mathematical-statistical components. It introduces two novel concepts: Propagation and Overlapping, to enhance computations and their comprehension during empirical copula construction. The algorithm is presented in pseudo-code for its implementation in any programming language. Comparative performance assessments demonstrate computing speeds ranging from 60 to 250 times faster than the standard algorithm across multiple case studies. Recent research highlights the utility of copulas in Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for enhanced predictions [8]. Existing studies center on parametric copulas, underscoring the significance of introducing a methodology for non-parametric copula implementation because this approach facilitates precise modeling of non-linear relationships among random variables, offering substantial improvements over conventional techniques, and boosting its integration, within the realm of artificial intelligence. • This study harnesses the superior capacity of non-parametrical copulas for modeling non-linear relationships compared to parametrical alternatives. However, owing to their substantial computational demands, this analysis primarily centers on the challenges associated with memory use and computation time. • In this work, in subsection 1.1, is addressed an engaging discussion concerning the advantages and disadvantages of employing non-parametrical copulas. In the same subsection are considered expert opinions, it is concluded that non-parametric copulas offer a unique advantage by excellent replicating nonlinear joint distributions, making them suitable candidates for application in artificial intelligence techniques. • In section 2, an algorithm was proposed to compute the empirical copula, exhibiting a speed improvement, of at least, 60-fold compared to the standard method, whose results are shown in Table 3. Its pseudocode, presented in subsection 2.2, is adaptable to any computing language. • In this work, it is proposed a new method based on concepts of propagation and overlapping, they are explained in depth in subsection 2.1. In order to clarify them, extensive graphical depictions of data placement within the empirical copula matrix are shown. These illustrations aid in making a reflection on the reduction in calculations quantity and, consequently, the reduction in computational time. • In section 3, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the precision of outcomes generated by our proposed methodology in comparison to those yielded by the standard method. It is imperative to note that while the precision of the standard method's results is assumed, our proposal's results adhere to the designated tolerance levels assigned to them. This robust evaluation underscores the reliability and accuracy of our proposed approach, ensuring compliance with predefined error tolerances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyses 61 years of phenological observations (1961–2021) of five herb, five shrub, four tree, and one bird species representing the prevalent spring species of floodplain forest ecosystems in the Czech Republic, central Europe. The in situ observations were conducted at the Vranovice site (48°48′ N, 16°46′ E, 170 m above mean sea level) representing the Plaček' forest National Reserve. The observed plants and bird species showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) shifts in phenological terms to an earlier date of the year, but the rate of the shift among the observed species differed. The most progressive shifts were detected for the herbs (14 days), followed by the shrubs (13 days), trees (9 days), and finally by the bird species (8 days). All the phenophases were significantly correlated with the daily maximum temperature (r = 0.72–0.91). The results also showed a decline in the correlation for species among the phenophases of the herbs and trees. The phenophases that were highly correlated in the past were less correlated and had higher variability in the last decades. We conclude that the phenological response of the ecosystem to warming in the spring resulted in higher variability and a lower correlation among the observed phenophases mainly caused by the most expressive phenological shifts of the early herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate identification of overlapping Agaricus bisporus in a factory environment is one of the challenges faced by automated picking. In order to better segment the complex adhesion between Agaricus bisporus, this paper proposes a segmentation recognition algorithm for overlapping Agaricus bisporus. This algorithm calculates the global gradient threshold and divides the image according to the image edge gradient feature to obtain the binary image. Then, the binary image is filtered and morphologically processed, and the contour of the overlapping Agaricus bisporus area is obtained by edge detection in the Canny operator, the convex hull and concave area are extracted for polygon simplification, and the vertices are extracted using Harris corner detection to determine the segmentation point. After dividing the contour fragments by the dividing point, the branch definition algorithm is used to merge and group all the contours of the same Agaricus bisporus. Finally, the least squares ellipse fitting algorithm and the minimum distance circle fitting algorithm are used to reconstruct the outline of Agaricus bisporus, and the demand information of Agaricus bisporus picking is obtained. The experimental results show that this method can effectively overcome the influence of uneven illumination during image acquisition and be more adaptive to complex planting environments. The recognition rate of Agaricus bisporus in overlapping situations is more than 96%, and the average coordinate deviation rate of the algorithm is less than 1.59%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the authors have reported the investigation on the use of USB camera for morphological characterization to optimize the processing parameters in laser microstructuring of Si surface. For this, microstructures are generated on a monocrystalline silicon (Si) surface using nitrogen nanosecond laser. The wavelength, pulse energy, and pulse duration of the laser are of 337 nm, 170 µJ, and ∼3.5 ns, respectively. The USB Digital Microscope Endoscope (UDME) Camera is used to capture the images of microstructures generated on the Si surface. It is a compact, portable, easy to handle, and inexpensive camera calibrated by ImageJ software. It has been used for two purposes, first, for conforming whether the microstructures are formed on the surface of Si or not in given laser processing parameters and determining the dimensions of the laser textured region. The second information is used for deciding the overlapping condition. This overlapping is mostly essential for growth of microstructures in large area surface of Si through raster scanning mode. Field emission scanning electron microscopy is done to cross verify the results obtained in UDME Camera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following seminal study on journalistic attitudes towards wars and peace journalism, in this study we investigated the perceptions of conflict reporters in the three most deadly countries in the world including Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. A total of 317 journalists participated in this study. Though generally we found support for the earlier study, the analysis shows journalists engage in wider practices than predicted that overlap war and peace journalism approaches. A closer examination showed that journalists favored active war journalism practices and passive peace journalism practices. Finally, we did not find that journalistic experience and contextual factors influenced preferences towards war and peace journalism substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine perspectives of surgeons regarding simultaneous surgery in patients undergoing posterior spine instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods A survey was administered to orthopaedic trainees and faculty regarding simultaneous surgery for primary PSIF for AIS. A five-point Likert scale (1: 'Strongly Disagree' to 5: 'Strongly Agree') was used to assess agreement with statements about simultaneous surgery. We divided simultaneous surgery into concurrent, when critical portions of operations occur at the same time, and overlapping, when noncritical portions occur at the same time. Results The 72 respondents (78.3% of 92 surveyed) disagreed with concurrent surgery for 'one of my patients' (response mean 1.76 (sd 1.03)) but were more accepting of overlapping surgery (mean 3.94 (sd 0.99); p < 0.0001). The rating difference between concurrent and overlapping surgery was smaller for paediatric and spine surgeons (-1.25) than for residents or those who did not identify a subspecialty (-2.17; p = 0.0246) or other subspecialty surgeons (-2.57; p = 0.0026). Respondents were more likely to agree with explicit informed consent for concurrent surgery compared with overlapping. Conclusion Orthopaedic surgeons disagreed with concurrent but were more accepting of overlapping surgery and anaesthesia for PSIF for AIS. Respondents were in greater agreement that patients should be explicitly informed of concurrence than of overlap. The surgical community's evidence and position regarding simultaneous surgery, in particular overlapping, must be more effectively presented to the public in order to bridge the gap in perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The data on using novolimus-eluting DESolve bioresorbable scaffolds (BVS) for long-segment coronary artery lesions remains insufficient. In this study, our main objective was to assess the long-term effects of the overlapping applications of both DESolve-DESolve and the drug-eluting stent (DES)-DESolve. Methods: A single-centered study of 103 patients scheduled for DESolve placement for long-segment lesions (>28 mm) was conducted (October 2013 to November 2016). A DESolve-DESolve overlap was used on 43 patients and a DES-DESolve overlap on 60 patients. Acute procedural success and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (stent thrombosis, targeted vessel revascularization, targeted lesion revascularization, and cardiac death) were evaluated. The patients were followed up for 48 months. Results: Revascularization was performed on 4 (6.7%) patients in the DES-DESolve group and 5 (11.6%) patients in the DESolve-DESolve group for target lesion revascularization. Among the study population, 10 (9.7%) patients had MACE, including 5 (8.3%) patients in the DES-DESolve group and 5 (11.6%) patients in the DESolve-DESolve group. Conclusion: The positive results of our study concerning the use of DESolve for the treatment of long coronary lesions demonstrate that BVS will emerge with new platforms and become non-inferior to the DES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the thermal analysis of many energetic compounds, there is a phenomenon of melting before decomposition, and the melting endothermic process is masked by the subsequent rapid exothermic decomposition, which has affected the research of separation in melting and thermal decomposition processes. 2-oximemalononitrile, an energetic intermediate whose melting and decomposition processes had the overlapping, was used as the research object in this paper, and the complete melting and decomposition processes were acquired by MATLAB software, separately. In addition, the kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition of 2-oximemalononitrile were investigated by Málek method, which was used as guidance for the safe application in handling, processing, and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) has been studied numerically by several researchers using single spark simulation during finite element modeling (FEM) for analyzing the material removal rate (MRR). However, the process includes the stochastic nature of the spark striking that leads to complexities. Because of this randomness, FEM based multi-spark simulation has not attempted till date. This article attempts to develop an improved model based on a randomly oriented multi-sparks for estimating the MRR. Gradually growing spark behavior and Gaussian heat input are utilized for acquiring the temperature distributions within the work-material. The temperature distributions are further processed to evaluate the MRR with consideration of craters overlapping formed during the multi-spark occurrence. The predicted results exhibit a fair agreement with the experimental results. The simulation-based parametric studies are performed on MRR using applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and energy transference since it influences the total heat input energy given by the sparks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the friction stir processing passes overlapping effect on AA3105/SiC is studied by evaluating the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties of the produced composites. The results indicated that the decrease of offset amount in different passes mediated by the more homogenous distribution of strengthening particles in the processing zone, the composite tensile strength and hardness have increased. The wear rate has decreased by 36%, compared with the sample without the strengthening phase. Also, no significant variations in the hardness, strength, and wear resistance is not seen by the friction stir processing on both sides of the sample. Although, the effect of tool shoulder induced flow is so strong that it restricts the uniform particle mixture and the access of pin-induced flow upwards the stirring region, but the offsetting decrease in the different passes reduces the tool shoulder-induce flow. The obtained highest tensile strength and the lowest wear rate of the fabricated composite equaled to 189.40 MPa and 3.6 × 10−6 gr/m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imbalanced dataset classification is challenging because of the severely skewed class distribution. The traditional machine learning algorithms show degraded performance for these skewed datasets. However, there are additional characteristics of a classification dataset that are not only challenging for the traditional machine learning algorithms but also increase the difficulty when constructing a model for imbalanced datasets. Data complexity metrics identify these intrinsic characteristics, which cause substantial deterioration of the learning algorithms' performance. Though many research efforts have been made to deal with class noise, none of them focused on imbalanced datasets coupled with other intrinsic factors. This paper presents a novel hybrid pre-processing algorithm focusing on treating the class-label noise in the imbalanced dataset, which suffers from other intrinsic factors such as class overlapping, non-linear class boundaries, small disjuncts, and borderline examples. This algorithm uses the wCM complexity metric (proposed for imbalanced dataset) to identify noisy, borderline, and other difficult instances of the dataset and then intelligently handles these instances. Experiments on synthetic datasets and real-world datasets with different levels of imbalance, noise, small disjuncts, class overlapping, and borderline examples are conducted to check the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm offers an interesting alternative to popular state-of-the-art pre-processing algorithms for effectively handling imbalanced datasets along with noise and other difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overlapped onomatopoetic words can be used as a modal complement or a degree complement in modern Chinese. When used as a modal complement, it has fewer syntactic expressions and free syntactic changes with semantic features such as continuity and loud volume ; when used as a degree complement, it can only be complement and has adhesivity with virtual semantics. Onomatopoeic complements can enhance the speechs mood and vividness and have the function of synaesthesia, mainly used in novels, crosstalk and other discourse literary works. Driven by contextual influence and metaphorical mechanism, the semantic of overlapped onomatopoetic words are generalized and grammaticalized. Consequently, its descriptive meaning is weakened while the degree meaning is prominent so as to derive a function of expressing high degree from the original expression of modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Single‐species distributions are well known to present random, aggregate, or regular patterns. However, at the community level, multi‐species aggregate distribution patterns are not simply the lumped aggregate distribution of each species in the community. Actually, the superimposition of specimens of different species on a distribution map can present an interacting distributional pattern: different species may overlap with each other (or conversely, avoid each other). To this end, other than aggregation, it is necessary to further quantify distributionally overlapping patterns of different species at the community level. Methods and results: In this study, we combined the conspecific‐encounter index v and Moran's I index to disentangle community‐level distributional aggregation versus superimposition. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the two indices, calculated from biodiversity data collected using the sequential sampling of specimens along line transects, were effective and complementary in predicting multi‐species distribution patterns. The conspecific‐encounter index was sensitive to the change in the degree of distributional aggregation while being insensitive to the change in the distributionally overlapping pattern of different species at the community level. In contrast, Moran's I index can detect the change in the degree of distributional overlap while being insensitive to the change in the level of distributional aggregation at the community level. Moreover, through additional simulations, we showed that the conspecific‐encounter index was robust despite many specimens from dominant species being omitted in the sampling. Finally, an empirical test on the Barro Colorado Island (BCI) forest plot in Panama revealed that tree assemblages in that region presented both random and non‐overlapping distributions, the latter being reported herein for the first time. Conclusions: The performance of Moran's I index and the conspecific‐encounter index are complementary when disentangling multi‐species aggregate versus overlapping distributions at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imbalanced learning is a challenging task for conventional algorithms. Sampling techniques address this problem by synthesizing minority class samples or selecting part of majority class samples to provide a balanced data. A large number of related researches emerged in the past decades. Recent studies show that the samples in overlapping area play a more important role in improving the classification performance for imbalanced data. However, how to eliminate majority class samples in overlapping area efficiently while avoiding classification performance deterioration caused by loss of original distribution is still an open problem. This paper proposes to deal with the overlapped samples with an Evolutionary Hybrid Sampling technique (EHSO). The main purpose of EHSO is to make the decision boundary more visible through removing useless majority class samples and to avoid the possible unexpected data introduced by synthetic new minority samples. EHSO applies evolutionary algorithm to find the optimal compromise between classification performance and the replicate ratio of random oversampling. Numerical experiments on all the binary-class imbalanced datasets (100 datasets) of KEEL repository have demonstrated its superiority compared with other well-known sampling methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In structural engineering, buckling is usually associated with compressive stress and/or shortening deformation states. Recently, several works came to light alerting to the propensity of some structural systems to buckle under tension. Within this context, the present work examines the buckling and post-buckling behaviours of repetitive rods systems under tensile axial loading, and comprises three distinct parts. At first, the tensile stability behaviour of a single rigid rod with an edge section supported by a slider that is forced to follow a pre-established path, developed in the literature that lays behind us, is revisited and related to the buckling behaviour of an alternative two rods system whose buckling propensity arises from a secondary compressed bar overlapping the tensioned one. In the second part of the paper, overlapping is used to create innovative repetitive frames that buckle under tension, in the present case a sequence of lined up rigid rods connected by rotational joints. The tensile critical load shows little change as new modules are added to the system, in clear contrast with the compressive case. The tensile post-buckling behaviour is also assessed, in some cases showing original shapes, and overlapping is used to create repetitive frames with negative thermal expansion coefficient as well. In the third part of the paper, the effects of applying global gradients to the relevant mechanical properties, in the form of smooth variations of the joints rigidities and rods lengths as the module is repeated, on the stability behaviour under tension are assessed. Although these variations are smooth and kept within small values, they provoke significant changes on the tensile buckling load, on the buckling type and on the type of buckling as well. The findings pave the way to the development of innovative repetitive frames, cellular materials, polymer chains and origami structures showing original constitutive behaviours under tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirical behavior of a classifier depends strongly on the characteristics of the underlying imbalanced dataset; therefore, an analysis of intrinsic data complexity would appear to be vital in order to choose classifiers suitable for particular problems. Data complexity metrics (CMs), a fairly recent proposal, identify dataset features which imply some difficulty for the classification task and identify relationships with classifier accuracy. In this paper, we introduce two CMs for imbalanced datasets, which help in explaining the factors responsible for the deterioration in classifier performance. These metrics are based on the weighted k‐nearest neighbors approach. The experiments are performed in MATLAB software using 48 simulated datasets and 22 real‐world datasets for different choices of neighborhood size k considered as 3, 5, 7, 9, 11. The results help to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the Bounded Fuzzy Possibilistic Method (BFPM) by addressing several issues that previous clustering/classification methods have not considered. In fuzzy clustering, the data object's membership values should sum to 1. Hence, any data object may obtain full membership in at most one cluster. Possibilistic clustering methods remove this restriction. However, BFPM differs from previous fuzzy and possibilistic clustering approaches by allowing the membership function to take larger values with respect to all clusters. Furthermore, in BFPM, a data object can have full membership in multiple clusters or even in all clusters. BFPM relaxes the boundary conditions (restrictions) in membership assignment. The assigned boundaries satisfy the necessity of obtaining full memberships and overcome the issues with conventional methods (overlapping). The functionality of the proposed method has been proved in geometry, set theory, and other disciplines, when learning methods should provide the important arithmetic operations on different domains. Weighted Feature Distance function (WFD) is also used to cover diversity. Validity and comparison indexes have been applied to evaluate the accuracy of BFPM. Conventional fuzzy and possibilistic methods are compared with BFPM and BFPM-WFD, in terms of accuracy, fuzzification constant, different norms, and covering diversity and overlapping. The results show that the proposed algorithms perform better than other fuzzy and possibilistic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiretroviral fixed‐dose‐combination drugs are best assayed with high‐performance liquid chromatography, or liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. However, most scientists in developing nations have no access to these expensive instruments. A more affordable quantitative technique is the use of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy—where often the absorption spectra of these antiretrovirals are overlapping; thus complex derivative methodologies are required for quantification. A simple, rapid, and accurate thin layer chromatography–ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the quantification of binary mixtures of lamivudine, zidovudine, and tenofovir–disoproxil–fumarate in tablet formulations was developed. Lamivudine/tenofovir–disoproxil–fumarate and lamivudine/zidovudine were extracted and separated on glass thin‐layer chromatography plates. Drugs were identified in ultraviolet light at 254 nm and quantified in acidic medium using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The retardation factors were 0.43, 0.79, and 0.81 for lamivudine, tenofovir–disoproxil–fumarate, and zidovudine, respectively, with corresponding absorption maxima at 270, 260, and 265 nm. Linearity ranged from 1 to 40 µg/mL for all drugs (R = 0.9998–0.9999), while recovery studies were 95.10–102.11% and amount in formulations ranged from 97.99 ± 0.63 to 101.47 ± 2.39%. The paired t‐test (n = 5) indicated no significant difference between the proposed and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods, hence comparable and can be used as an alternative method in routine quality determination of antiretroviral medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closely related species are often similar in morphological and ecological characters, which may lead them to compete when occurring in sympatry. In this sense, we analyzed trophic niche overlap among three Leptodactylus species, Leptodactylus macrosternum, L. fuscus and L. aff. podicipinus, in a floodplain environment from a Protected area in the Brazilian Amazon. In addition, we applied Network and Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis. We found 18 prey categories, most of them belonging to Arthropoda (94.4%). Coleoptera, Isoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera were the most abundant prey on the diet shared among the three species. The rarefaction curve of prey richness did not reach an asymptote, indicating that the diet composition may be higher by increase the sample. The species presented a broad niche breadth, however, no relationship between jaw width and prey size were found in the studied species. Despite the line-up in NMDS with Bray Curtis Index indicated that the species' diets are similar with few different attributes, with some food items overlapping among species (Stress= 0.00201), the niche overlap between the pair of species was not high (Ojk < 0.7). Therefore, we believe interactions such as competition would be better demonstrated addressing data on prey availability and microhabitat use patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]