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It was aimed that the morphometric development of the hyoid bone throughout the fetal period be anatomically researched and its clinical importance be evaluated. A total of 90 human fetuses (44 male, 46 female) whose ages varied between 18 and 40 gestational weeks and without an external pathology or anomaly were involved in the study. The fetuses were divided into groups according to gestational weeks and trimesters. In the wake of making the general external measurements of fetuses, the neck dissection was performed. Following the localization of the hyoid bone, the morphometric parameters pertaining to the hyoid bone were measured. The averages of the measured parameters according to the gestational weeks, trimesters and months, and their standard deviations were determined. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age ( p < 0.001). Between the genders, there was no difference among the other parameters, except for those regarding the distance between the hyoid bone and columna vertebralis, the hyoid bone corpus length, the hyoid bone right cornu majus initial width, the hyoid bone left cornu majus initial width, and the upper distance between the hyoid bone cornu majus (es) ( p > 0.001). We are of the opinion that the data obtained during our study will be of use to forensic physicians and the involved clinicians in the evaluation of the development of the hyoid bone area during the fetal period, and in clinical studies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal period of time during which the fetus grows rapidly and the organs are formed. The prenatal and postnatal analyses of the fetal structure provide information as to fetal growth, growth retardation, gestational age and congenital malformations. The development of the skeletal system during the intrauterine period takes place in an orderly manner as it also does in other systems. It was aimed that the morphometric development of the forearm in human fetuses during the period between 20-40 gestational weeks be radiologically investigated and that its clinical importance be evaluated, as well. A total of 100 fetal forearms (50 fetuses: 23 male, 27 female), the ages of which varied between 20-40 gestational weeks, without having any external pathology or anomaly were incorporated into the study. The fetuses were separated into groups according to weeks, trimesters and months. After the general external measurements of the fetuses had been performed, the mammographies and forearm radiographies of the fetuses were shot in the way that the forearms would remain in a prone position. Morphometric measurements pertaining to forearm structures were taken from the forearm radiographies that were shot with the help of a digital compass. Later on, the morphometric measurements in question were statistically evaluated. The mean values and the standard deviations of the measured parameters were determined according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age (p<0.001). In the comparison of the measured parameters between trimesters and months, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.05). Separately, it was also determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of the parameters, which was made between genders and right-left forearms (p>0.05). As for the results obtained in our study, we are of the opinion that the data obtained during this study period will be beneficial for the involved clinicians, such as those in charge of gynecology, radiology, forensic medicine and perinatology, in terms of evaluating the clinical studies related to the morphometric development of the forearm throughout the fetal period, in determining the fetal age and sex, and also in determining the pathologies and variations regarding the development of fetal skeletal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was aimed in this study that the morphometric development of the hand in human fetuses throughout the fetal period be radiologically investigated and the clinical importance of this period be evaluated. A total of 50 fetuses with no external pathology or anomaly, and the ages of which varied between 20-40 gestational weeks were incorporated into the study. The fetuses were separated into groups according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. After the general external measurements of the fetuses were performed, mammography and hand radiographies of the fetuses were shot in the way that their hands would be in a pronational position. Afterwards, the morphometric measurements of the hands were performed with the help of a digital caliper through the hand radiographies that were shot. The averages and standard deviations of the measured parameters were determined according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age (p<0.001). Additionally, it was observed that there was some difference among the groups in the comparison of the measured parameters involving trimesters and months (p<0.05). We are of the opinion that in evaluating the clinical studies regarding the morphometric development of the hand throughout the fetal period and in determining the pathologies and variations related to the fetal hand development, the data obtained in our study will be of use to the clinicians engaged in gynecology, and forensic medicine as well as those involved in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]