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In this study, we investigated the effects of different Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the water column on the growth and molting of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. We used three concentrations of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ and tested these in culture experiments over a period of four complete molting cycles. Analyses revealed that increasing concentrations of Ca2+ in the water led to a gradual reduction in the expression levels of MIH and a gradual increase in the expression levels of EcR and chitinase, thus accelerating molting frequency and shortening the molting cycle. However, high concentrations of Ca2+ significantly reduced the survival rate of M. rosenbergii. Increasing concentrations of Mg2+ in the water column led to a significant increase in heart beat count (P < 0.05); in addition, malate dehydrogenase activity during postmolt A and intermolt C tended to increase, and energy metabolism was accelerated. Furthermore, increased Ca2+ concentrations in the water column promoted an increase in the Ca2+ content of muscles and shells. In contrast, as the Mg2+ concentration in the water column increased, the Mg2+ content in the muscles and shells showed different patterns of change. Too low or too high Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the external environment had differing degrees of negative effects on the gill tissue such as edema and necrosis. In summary, low levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the external environment reduced ion levels in the muscle and shell; inhibited growth, molting, and survival; and exerted negative effects on the gill tissue. Furthermore, high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ may accelerate molting rate and energy metabolism, but can cause more serious damage to gill tissue and reduce the survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a major debt crisis occurs in a listed company, the stock prices of related enterprises may also fluctuate sharply, resulting in the spread of debt risk to more enterprises. Taking the stocks of listed companies as network nodes, we constructed a complex stock market network over three periods of time through the logarithmic return rate of stocks for the three periods of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase of the debt crisis. We studied the topological characteristics of the network and destructiveness over the three periods. Finally, the minimum spanning tree was used to construct a network and the community structure of the network. The empirical analysis took the debt crisis of the China Evergrande Company as an example to analyze the impact of its major debt crisis on the Chinese stock market. The research findings were as follows: First, the debt crisis increased the inter-industry connections within the network, that is, the correlations between enterprises in different industries was enhanced. Second, the closeness of the cross-industry connections increased the connectivity efficiency of the network, but compared with the other two periods, the debt crisis in the metaphase was less stable. Third, community research showed that in the metaphase of the debt crisis, the enterprises became the core nodes of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the differences of water content and tissue structure of fresh tobacco leaves with different maturity, Yunyan 116 and Yunyan 87 were taken as the research objects to explore the water content and tissue structure differences of flue-cured tobacco in different parts and at different harvesting time. The results showed that compared with Yunyan 87, the moisture content in main veins, whole leaf and leaf blade of Yunyan 116 in the same stage was slightly higher. The thickness of main vein epidermis and xylem increased slightly with the delay of harvest time. There was no obvious difference in the epidermis of main veins between the two cultivars, and the xylem of main veins of Yunyan 116 was thinner. With the delay of harvest time, the thickness of palisade tissue gradually decreased and that of sponge tissue increased. Compared with Yunyan 87, the palisade tissue of Yunyan 116 was thinner and the spongy tissue was thicker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing studies on government organizational structure focus on its economic functions but ignore the environmental aspect, which is especially important for developing countries. To fill the gaps, this paper identifies the effect of a flattening reform of government environmental monitoring and enforcement agencies on transboundary water pollution with the help of a quasi-natural experiment. We found that the flattening reform significantly improved transboundary water quality. Specifically, the reform increased DO concentration by about 7%, reduced COD concentration by about 2%, and reduced NH3-N concentration by about 4%. A series of robustness tests confirmed that the results were convincing. Further results showed that the mechanisms of the reform mainly included: ① the strengthening of the awareness of local governments in controlling transboundary pollution; ② the adjustment of personnel appointment powers that broke the collusion between local government officials and local environmental protection agencies, which effectively improved the environment at the border. In addition, the study found that the abatement effect existed only at urban borders, while there was no significant change in environmental quality at provincial borders, suggesting that the transfer of authority over environmental monitoring and enforcement to higher levels of government was one of the keys contributing to the effect of this reform. This paper reveals that the flattening reform of government environmental monitoring and enforcement agencies is more in line with China' s pollution characteristics and needs at this stage, and thus the government should appropriately strengthen the monitoring and enforcement capabilities of the central government or higher-level local governments. It is hoped that this study can enrich the research related to pollution control and the organizational structures of government and provide a reference for decision-makers to mitigate the transboundary pollution problem in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During negotiations in the initial stage of multinational megaprojects, technical issues are underemphasized compared to diplomatic or political perspectives despite varying relevant standards of participating countries. If the organization structures are established soundly while overcoming heterogeneous aspects of involved countries, decision making among countries satisfying both could be made timely and properly. With the aim of positive multilateral relationships and negotiations concerning engineering factors collectively, a framework is presented for identifying the roles and responsibilities of multinational joint clients with a hierarchical organization structure composed of a decision maker, senior responsible owner, project sponsor, and project manager. US forces relocation program in the Republic of Korea, a $1.4 billion megaproject, was analyzed where political and cultural aspects were attempted to melt down in a hierarchical organization. Results from interviewing high-level decision makers from both countries show that upper-level participants focus on political issues, while lower-level practitioners aim to achieve satisfactory technical quality. The involvement of engineers in earlier negotiation stages with upper-level counterparts is essential in establishing realistic goals. The uniqueness of the framework compared to previous factor-driven perspectives between different joint-client structures are as follows: Identical hierarchy of level from the countries supports defining roles with integrated scope management, and neutral consultative body for arbitrating conflict between countries and in-house departments within a country is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of technical and vocational education would depend on several factors among which are: the quality of management, the management adopted philosophy, the organization structure, the quality of workshops and laboratories, the competencies of academic and managerial staff, the level of interactions with related industries, health and safety codes and conducts, and the quality of high school graduates who are interested in joining technical and vocational institutions. However, the quality of management is considered the main dominate in the success or failure of technical and vocational education in producing graduates with the require knowledge, skills, and attitude that are mostly needed by industries. In other word, it is the mentality, philosophy, and practice that is being adopted by the management of technical and vocational education that would determine the quality of the outcomes which would consequently contributes in the reduction of the level of dependence on expatriates particularly in essential sectors of the Kuwaiti economy (e.g., oil, electricity and water, health sector, communications, and navigations). In this paper, a model is introduced to reconstruct the management philosophy, practice, and organization structure at the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PAAE&T, Kuwait. The aim is to tackle the weakness of the present management philosophy, practice, and organization structure and proposed instead an effective and efficient management philosophy, practice and organization structure that would enhance the quality of technical and vocational graduates. The outcomes of this paper would significantly contribute in creating a general awareness of the real notion and application of technical and vocational education and the requirements that would, without any doubt, allows a better and efficient utilization of human and material resources in achieving the overall country's manpower plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between organizational structures and the growth strategies of organizations, and to reveal whether organic and inorganic growth strategies cause a change on functional and matrix organizational structures. The research universe consists of the companies included in the ISO 500 list, and the sample consists of 24 companies that have been found to have increased their net sales during 2015-2020.Document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used as the data analysis method. The data were obtained using the document analysis and 683 corporate documents including public corporate announcements about organizations, documents on their web pages, books and news, were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, 11 organizations that made a growth strategy decision within the scope of 2015-2020 were determined and their organizational structure change was examined. As a result of the research, it was determined that organizations appliying an inorganic growth strategy transformed to matrix organization structure, and those who applied organic growth strategy preserved their functional organizational structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan and Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) of Korea are among the most acknowledged public research institutes in East Asia. This paper applies the evolutionary perspective for a comparative case study, emphasizing the path dependence with the innovation system context. Also, this paper elucidates the factors that configured the dynamics of ITRI and KIST in populating spin-offs and advancing biotechnology, respectively. It sheds new light on what particular organizational structures and routines would posit functionality in propagating certain activities and outcomes. The case of ITRI implies a strong mechanistic push in its organization to expedite its research activities and spin-offs. Meanwhile, KIST is endowed with patient capital and instituted service seniority in its career ladder, thus enabling it to develop science-based technologies and to evolve into a university-like institute. The structures and routines of the two PRIs are profound and productive in advancing their respective desired research agendas. However, their instituted routines might limit their pursuit of other kinds of growth ventures. This paper shows a depiction of organizational career ladders and spin-off mechanisms, which provides a useful guide for a government aspiring to construct similar structures and routines for certain outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic research libraries can employ several approaches to advance the institutional mission. First, libraries can shift from goals focused on collections and traditional library services and instead align with their campus academic plan and an emphasis on supporting the institution's strategic initiatives. A second approach is for libraries to modify their organizational structures from being function-based on the tasks that traditional libraries performed (e.g., public services, technical services, collection development) and move instead toward organizational units that directly support their university's missions (e.g., undergraduate education; graduate and professional education; research, scholarship, and creative activity; and public engagement). The key is to have library staff engaged in work that contributes to vital institutional outcomes such as student success and faculty research productivity. Academic research libraries should also continue to work towards an assessment program that demonstrates the value of the academic research library in providing quality services that advance the institutional mission. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Colleges and universities' missions are typically comprised of educating students, training professionals, engaging in scholarship and research, promoting creative activity, improving healthcare, and providing public service. Academic libraries exist to support these core functions, yet most academic libraries are organized based on library functions rather than the primary missions of their college or university. This article describes one academic library's attempt to align library strategy and structure with its university's academic plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We complement the rich conceptual work on organizational corruption by quantitatively modeling the spread of corruption within organizations. We systematically vary four organizational culture-related parameters, i.e., organization structure, location of bad apples , employees' propensity to become corrupted ("corruption probability"), and number of whistle-blowers. Our simulation studies find that in organizations with flatter structures, corruption permeates the organization at a lower threshold value of corruption probability compared to those with taller structures. However, the final proportion of corrupted individuals is higher in the latter as compared to the former. Also, we find that for a 1,000-strong organization, 5% of the workforce is a critical threshold in terms of the number of whistle-blowers needed to constrain the spread of corruption, and if this number is around 25%, the corruption contagion is negligible. Implications of our results are discussed. Highlights • Bridges two research streams, organizational corruption and social contagion. • New quantitative time-evolved cross-complex organizational networks corruption model. • Assesses impact of organization structure, bad apple locations, on corruption spread. • Introduces, and assesses impact of, whistle-blowers on corruption spreading. • Flatter structures are more easily corruptible but spread is lower than taller ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This paper examines the role of organizational structure within government(s) in attempts to implement intersectoral action for health in Danish municipalities. We discuss the implications of structural reorganization and the governance structures that are established in order to ensure coordination and integration between policy sectors. Methods: The paper is based on 49 interviews with civil servants from health and non-health sectors of 10 municipalities. Based on participants’ experiences, cases have been described and analyzed in an iterative process consulting the literature on Health in All Policies and joined-up government. Results: Continuous and frequent processes of reorganizing were widespread in the municipalities. However, they appeared to have little effect on policy change. The two most common governance structures established to transcend organizational boundaries were the central unit and the intersectoral committee. According to the experiences of participants, paradoxically both of these organizational solutions tend to reproduce the organizational problems they are intended to overcome. Even if structural reorganization may succeed in dissolving some sector boundaries, it will inevitably create new ones. Conclusions: It is time to dismiss the idea that intersectoral action for health can be achieved by means of a structural fix. Rather than rearranging organizational boundaries it may be more useful to seek to manage the silos which exist in any organization, e.g. by promoting awareness of their implications for public health action and by enhancing the boundary spanning skills of public health officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to overcome the disadvantage of the synergy shortage of the traditional functional organization structure of the coal mineÿthe projectized organization structure was set up, and the theory of information entropy was introduced for establishing the evaluation model of organization structure synergy order degree from the perspective of organization structure validity and accuracy of information transmission, then, through the calculating and comparing, it is prove that the ordering and synergy of projectized organization structure are better, and more suitable for underwell project management of coal mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an area of research, specifying crucial conditions under which international public administration (IPA) may enjoy independence from member-state governments has become an increasingly vibrant research area. This collection responds to three as yet unresolved research tasks: (1) systematically comparing IPAs by offering large-N data across cases; (2) taking organization seriously by identifying how the organizational architectures of IPAs affect decision-making processes and subsequently the pursuit of public policy-making; and (3) examining the varied consequences of the autonomization of IPAs, notably for member-state public sector governance and for the integration of transnational regulatory regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Entry of new construction companies into the market and increased competition between them leads to the closure of many companies. Therefore, the question of reliability of a construction organization is becoming important. In the development of the organization not the methods of achieving results but trends of improvement becomes relevant. Thus, in any developing construction organization main priority is to determine the direction of development and improvement which leads to the best outcome of overall construction organization activities. Construction organizations realize their activities in various accidental and external factors conditions. As a rule, organizations possess different financial turnovers, levels of technical equipment, different climate zones where their functions are realized. In the compiling of activities complex impacting the improvement of organizational-technical reliability, it is important to consider the efficiency of activities applied to a concrete organization. It has been concluded during the compiling of the plan of improving organizational –technical reliability that the individual approach is essential. In compiling of the plan of improving organizational-technical reliability, the conclusions on the necessity of individual approaches were made.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a strategy leading to the achievement of the objectives of the organization is a very complex and challenging task for managers. The strategy gives a basic direction for all activities in the company and the organizational structure is one of the assets in the hands of manager that leads to the accomplishment of the chosen strategy. The goal of this work is to give theoretical analysis of the influence of corporate strategy into the organization structure model choice. The research is of theoretical character and it will be used a method of analysis and synthesis. First, the fundamental charactheristics and types of strategy will be presented. Then, the functional and divisional model of organization structure will be presented. We can conclude that different types of strategy implicate different organizational structures. Establishing the coherence between strategy and structure represents the important prerequisite to realize high organization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hasan Polatkan airport has a unique structure among airports in the world in terms of that it is operated by cooperation of government and university and it's international operations. Problem of this research is flexibility which is needed due to the university's autonomous structure and dynamic nature of the aviation industry, conflicts with bureaucracy that has dominant position on government. Purpose of this paper is to determine optimal leadership style for organization structure of Hasan Polatkan Airport. This will contribute to decrease the impact of bureaucracy resulting from structure of the organization and enable to organization to act faster in a dynamic sector like aviation as well. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) that is a method for multi-criteria decision-making was used as a method in this paper. In scope of the work, leadership styles obtained from literature are accepted as alternatives. Further of the work, aim and alternatives are transformed to hierarchical structure, compared and prioritized using AHP. As a result of prioritization and comparison, optimal leadership style for Hasan Polatkan Airport is determined as engaged leadership. The paper is expected to present contributions to literature and determination of organization structure of airport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study offers hypotheses concerning differences in organization design among for-profit (FP), nonprofit (NP), and local government (LG) organizations. We empirically examine design in a sample of 105 Minnesota nursing homes, using data from an original survey. The findings generally support our hypotheses: (a) NP and LG nursing homes delegate more decision-making authority to their nurses than their FP counterparts, (b) NP and LG nurses enjoy greater efficiency wages than their FP counterparts, (c) NP homes rely more on the social networks of their employees to recruit new employees than FP and LG homes, (d) FP tend to use more performance-based incentives than NP and LG, and (e) there is little difference in the extent to which FP, NP, and LG homes monitor their nurses. The differences that we do detect are significant but are probably tempered by regulation, market competition, and institutional pressures for similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business arena in which organization realizes its mission is characterized by uncertainty, complexity and dynamics. Environment is just one of the factors of organizational design. The task of the management is to design organizational structure with which it is going to be able to deal with the degree of uncertainty which organization is faced with in its business environment. The goal of this article is theoretical analysis of environmental characteristics effects on the choice of company's organizational structure. The research is of theoretical character and analysis method will be used. The article is divided into three parts. In the first part, the concept and content of the environment will be presented. In the second part of the article, two important characteristics of the environment will be presented-complexity and dynamism. The third part of the article analyzes the effect of environment characteristics on organizational structure. By analyzing characteristicscomplexity and dynamism of the environment and their influence on structure parameters, it is confirmed that there are cause and effect relations between environment and organization. We can conclude that different types of the environment implicate different organizational structures, or models of organizational design. Establishing the coherence between the environment and structure represents the important prerequisite to realize high organization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined community and institutional factors that influence offering online workforce development programs in community colleges. The study included a random sample of 321 community college in the United States. Findings conclude that colleges operating under statewide governance structures and in states with more highly centralized statewide practices have more online occupational programs than other types of institutions. In addition, student racial demographics factor into online course offerings. Institutions with higher percentages of White students are more likely to offer online occupational programs. These findings illustrate a potential need for additional online program development in colleges with larger percentages of students of color and raise questions about how states with decentralized systems can increase educational access by facilitating additional online workforce development programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ahead of the context of the existence of formal groups that emerge in the model of project structure and of the dynamics of alternation of positions of the members (in each phase of the project) in organizational structures that if they base on quality models as the CMMI, this work has as objective to show the points on which if it develops this dynamics in the organization structure and the formal groups, beyond bringing the relations of being able that they occur in the alternation of the positions. For the reach of this objective, related theoretical questions to the organization structure, relations of being able and alternation of positions are approached, as delineation of the study. The used methodology is the study of only case in an Institute of Innovation in Technology of the Information and situated Communication in the Porto Digital, in Recife/PE. The study it was of qualitative nature, carried through by means of half-structuralized interviews, with members that had participated of the analyzed project, and comment not-participant. It was identified enters the members of the analyzed project the relations of solidarity (without considering the manager) and of representation (when of the presence of the manager). Already how much to the bases of being able of the manager, the authority and imposition predominate, whereas dependence enters the too much members, predominates and influence one mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Mismatch between organization structure and employee preferences reduces productivity and profits. [•] The less prosocial employees in an organization are, the more complex and sophisticated and therefore more expensive the organization structure must be. [•] The organization structure optimized for prosocial employees is simpler and cheaper than the structure optimized for less prosocial employees. [•] The more complex are employees’ tasks, the greater the divergence of the optimal organization structure with alternative employee preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administration, because of it's position in the state structure and it's social role that has in making indirect contact with citizens, improves social development or makes barrier to the state economical prosperity. Organizational structure or principles of constituation of public administration are first segment of the public governance racionalization, while material part of public administration or it's working method is another segment that ensures functionality of public administration and application of the principles of public administration: legality, costeffectiveness, efficiency, transparency. Good governance or principle of good governing through public sector is european concept and standard that requires the highest level of profesionalism in public administration or application of the principle of the participation, accesiblity, accountability, transparency, with imperative of implementation of the rule of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a model of adding relation to a linking pin organization structure where every pair of siblings in a complete binary tree of height H is adjacent such that the communication of information in the organization becomes the most efficient. For a model of adding an edge between a node with a depth M and its descendant with a depth N, we formulated the total shortening distance which is the sum of shortening lengths of shortest paths between every pair of all nodes and obtained an optimal pair of depth (M,N)* which maximizes the total shortening distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical international organizations are formally governed by ministers who have their primary institutional affiliation at the national level. The European Commission, on the other hand, represents a notable organizational innovation in the way that executive politicians at the top, i.e., the commissioners, have their primary institutional affiliation at the international level. Thus, the Commission constitutes a ‘laboratory’ for experiments in supranational institution-building: what is the relative importance of nationality and organizational position with regard to explaining actual decision behaviour? This article takes stock of the existing literature in the field, and also launches a future research agenda. Concerning Commission officials, nationality seems to play a minor role. Nationality matters somewhat more regarding commissioners' behaviour, but makes up only one of several components of their highly compound role, thus making behaviour at the top of the Commission qualitatively different from behaviour in, for example, the European Council. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How states choose to organize and structure their human service agencies determines to a great extent how state human service systems function and how human services are delivered to clients. Little attention has been paid in the social work administration literature to this obviously important issue. Using data from the American Public Human Services Association (APHSA), the authors look at how states have organized their human service systems at three times (1986, 1997, 2006) over a 20-year period. Specifically, the article looks at change and continuity in: 1) the structures and functions of the 50 designated state human service agencies, and (2) preferences for larger centralized umbrella-type agencies versus multiple smaller more specialized human service agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a model of placing a liaison which forms relations to two members of different levels in a pyramid organization structure such that the communication of information between every member in the organization becomes the most efficient. For the model of adding a node of liaison which gets adjacent to a node with a depth M and its descendant with a depth N in a complete K-ary tree of height H which can describe a pyramid organization structure with K subordinates, we obtained an optimal pair of depth (M,N)* which maximizes the sum of shortening lengths of the shortest paths between every pair of all nodes in the complete K-ary tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper is a discussion of the derivation of the Nursing Services Delivery Theory from the application of open system theory to large-scale organizations. Background. The underlying mechanisms by which staffing indicators influence outcomes remain under-theorized and unmeasured, resulting in a 'black box' that masks the nature and organization of nursing work. Theory linking nursing work, staffing, work environments, and outcomes in different settings is urgently needed to inform management decisions about the allocation of nurse staffing resources in organizations. Data sources. A search of CINAHL and Business Source Premier for the years 1980-2008 was conducted using the following terms: theory, models, organization, organizational structure, management, administration, nursing units, and nursing. Seminal works were included. Discussion. The healthcare organization is conceptualized as an open system characterized by energy transformation, a dynamic steady state, negative entropy, event cycles, negative feedback, differentiation, integration and coordination, and equifinality. The Nursing Services Delivery Theory proposes that input, throughput, and output factors interact dynamically to influence the global work demands placed on nursing work groups at the point of care in production subsystems. Implications for nursing. The Nursing Services Delivery Theory can be applied to varied settings, cultures, and countries and supports the study of multi-level phenomena and cross-level effects. Conclusion. The Nursing Services Delivery Theory gives a relational structure for reconciling disparate streams of research related to nursing work, staffing, and work environments. The theory can guide future research and the management of nursing services in large-scale healthcare organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Semantic interoperability of mineral exploration geodata is a long-term concern in mining projects. Inconsistent conceptual schemas and heterogeneous professional terms among various geodata sources in a mining project often hinder their efficient use and/or reuse. Our study of a controlled vocabulary focuses on interoperability of mineral exploration geodata of different mining projects of a mining group in China. In order to achieve this purpose, a proper representation of concepts and their inter-relationships in the knowledge domain of mineral exploration for mining projects is proposed. In addition, we propose that for wider interoperability of mining project geodata the controlled vocabulary underpinning them should be interoperable with concepts in related applications in the mineral exploration domain. In developing our controlled vocabulary, we adopted/adapted national standards of geosciences taxonomies and terminologies. The organization structure of terms, coding method, metadata schema for database applications and an extensible structure of our controlled vocabulary are discussed. The controlled vocabulary we developed was then used to reconcile heterogeneous geodata and to set up integrated databases for various mining projects of the mining group. Our study shows that a properly organized controlled vocabulary not only allows for efficient reconciliation of heterogeneous geodata sources in similar or related projects, but also makes related geodata to be interoperable with extramural applications in the same knowledge domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was aimed to explore the effects of different thawing strategies on the properties of sea bass myofibrillar protein (MP) and organization structure. Results revealed that magnetic nanometer combined with radio frequency thawing (RT-Mag) and magnetic nanometer combined with microwave thawing (MT-Mag) increased the α-helical content and decreased β-sheet content, while RT-Mag had minimal effect on the secondary protein structure. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and SEM analysis revealed that RT-Mag and radio frequency thawing (RT) reduced the mobility and loss of immobilized and non-mobile water, had the most compact and ordered network structure. Decreases in the T max and enthalpies were observed in the thawing treatments expect for RT-Mag during the thawing process. The appearance of polymerized protein band of SDS-PAGE indicated that RT-Mag and MT-Mag occurred a mild oxidation. In addition, the changes of particle size indicated that MP pretreated by RT-Mag and MT-Mag had less aggregation and degradation. The UV second derivative showed that the effect of RT-Mag treatment was closer to that of FS, and the improvement effect of protein aggregation and oxidation was better. Therefore, RT-Mag of New thawing method can be used as an alternative method to improve MP performance and meat quality. ● The two new thawing method of RT-Mag and MT-Mag were adopted. ● Protein structure and thermal stability of sea bass thawed by different methods were studied. ● RT-Mag and MT-Mag could improve MP performance and meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes two models of adding relations to a linking pin type organization structure where every pair of siblings in a complete K-ary tree of height H is adjacent: (i) a model of adding an edge between two nodes with the same depth N and (ii) a model of adding edges between every pair of nodes with the same depth N. For each of the two models, an optimal depth N* is obtained by maximizing the total shortening path length which is the sum of shortening lengths of shortest paths between every pair of all nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the establishment and evolution of effective internal communications in pre-IPO start-ups, with a focus on 6 variables: employee communications, organizational structure and culture, public relations and communication models, leadership styles, decision-making approaches, and employee motivation. The qualitative study explores how these variables establish effective internal communications in growing pre-IPO start-ups. In addition, the study provides an ideal internal communications model to guide entrepreneurs in establishing start-ups. The findings also emphasize human resources (HR) as a 7th influential variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valuable knowledge in organizations is too often ‘locked in’ within one unit. The contribution of this paper is to provide insights into the knowledge-sharing effect of inter-unit coordination mechanisms. This topic has not yet received in-depth study. We fill this gap with a case study of a UK-based multinational, in which we explore knowledge sharing between business units. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interviews. The findings from our study highlight that formal coordination is preferable. Informal networking as an inter-unit coordination mechanism was not perceived as beneficial for knowledge sharing. The knowledge-sharing enablers, trust and knowledge complexity, largely dominated the possibilities for inter-unit knowledge sharing whatever coordination was used. Especially, the perceived knowledge complexity caused problems that could not be fully compensated for by any type of coordination mechanism. The study also highlights the unexpectedly minor role of common knowledge and the only indirect effect of coordination through values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past half-century, the study of organizations has been an active area within sociology. I provide an overview of the emergence of this specialty during the second half of the twentieth century, its relation to the larger field of organiza-tion studies, and the important theoretical advances associated with the adoption of an open system framework during the 1960s. Among the recent trends I describe are changes in our conceptions of organization boundaries, strategies, and controls, and the beginning of a shift from an entity-based to a process-based view of organiza-tion. Evidence of success--the number of sociologists now employed in professional schools--simultaneously raises concerns about the source of future organizational sociologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tensile properties of Natural bamboo fibers were studied. • Variation laws of tensile properties on radial direction were analyzed. • Organization influence factors were discussed. • Fracture patterns of fiber cells were analyzed with SEM images. Bamboo fiber cell wall was layered composite with fine mechanical properties reinforced by cellulose microfibril with lignin and hemicellulose as amorphous matrix. This paper aimed at study the organization structure and tensile properties of natural bamboo fibers extracted by handwork assisted with a laser micrometry device to monitor the deformation of fibers, and the variation law of tensile properties and organization structure on radial direction of bamboo stem. The results were that the average tensile strength, elastic modulus and strain to failure were 523.20 MPa(SD = 111.65 MPa), 22.27 GPa(SD = 6.29 GPa) and 3.08%(SD = 1.57%). From the inner part to the outer part of bamboo stem, tensile strength of bamboo fibers slightly tended to increase on the whole, while the tensile elastic modulus and the strain to failure had obviously increasing tendency and decreasing tendency respectively. The fracture behavior of fibers nearby the inner part was similar to brittle fracture, while that of the fibers nearby the outer part similar to ductile fracture. The phenomena were in accordance with the variation of the tensile properties of bamboo fibers on the radial direction of bamboo stem, which had closely relation with the variation of the organization structure of bamboo fiber cell wall in radial direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]