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The intensification of trade between countries has led to the need to regulate the conduct of trading partners. The World Trade Organization (WTO) forum emerged with the mission of arbitrating these disputes and making trade fairer. However, many countries choose not to participate in this forum because of the financial and legal resources required to conduct the proceedings. The purpose of this research was to verify how the relations within the WTO were configurated in 2014. We identified the dichotomy between central and emerging countries through the concept of forum shopping. The most important actors in the network were shown to be the United States and the European Union, whereas small economies had low participation, especially African and Central American countries. Thus, this study shows that many WTO's members do not use its forum, which allows inferring they choose regional forums due to the restriction of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to reopen the debate, of long standing in the field of international trade law, respect of the rule applicable to the case of trade measures relating to process and production methods that involve a ban on the import of goods. Some jurisprudence under gatt 1947 is tilted in favor of the application of Article XI of this Agreement concerning quantitative restrictions on trade, to the detriment of Article III, which enshrines the principle of national treatment. This essay attempts to show that, under the gatt 1994, the dilemma raised must be resolved in favor of the application of Article III, given the presence of a new regulatory context, which requires the interpreter to take into account the principle of sustainable development when analysing the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to reopen the debate, of long standing in the field of international trade law, respect of the rule applicable to the case of trade measures relating to process and production methods that involve a ban on the import of goods. Some jurisprudence under gatt 1947 is tilted in favor of the application of Article XI of this Agreement concerning quantitative restrictions on trade, to the detriment of Article III, which enshrines the principle of national treatment. This essay attempts to show that, under the gatt 1994, the dilemma raised must be resolved in favor of the application of Article III, given the presence of a new regulatory context, which requires the interpreter to take into account the principle of sustainable development when analysing the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to analyze Brazil's foreign trade policy, which is of growing importance and complexity, in the particular case of litigation with the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body. Such policy centralization with the Executive Branch is examined with focus on the decision making processes, with grounds on the political and economical context relevant to the selection of disputes to be initiated with the mentioned dispute settlement mechanism. Brazilian Chamber of Foreign Commerce (Camex)'s operations are scrutinized, as well as its interactions with other state bodies, which is followed by an investigation of the dynamics of the disputes' conduction and their repercussion on the WTO's trade agenda. Perceived results are that, despite decisions in respect to the litigation with the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body being centralized with Camex, dispute settlement decisions correspond to the country's trade mix and strategic international negotiation positions, and are closely connected to the Brazilian exports and major trade partners. Shaped by internal and external constraints, therefore, the strategies related to international trade disputes require enhanced transparency and cooperation with the private sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to analyze the reasons that stimulate the multilateral trade negotiations. The purpose is going to contribute for the comprehension about the basis (domestic and international) in the constitution of international coalitions, in the new context of the multilateral agenda. The international coalitions constitution trial has occupied central paper in the dynamic one of the multilateral and regional negotiations, in particular in what plays to the perspectives of the balance of forces center-periphery of the international system. The new thematic challenges about international trade and development introduce new studies about the international coalitions and alliances on the South level. This article analyzes the convergence and divergence of commercial interests between Brazil, India and Africa of the South, inside the chart of broader political-strategic interests, showing that the merely commercial aspects do not give to count of explain the kinds of alignments that are produced in the interior of the arena multilateral of commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]