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The following paper presents the research carried out by Banco Caja Social, in relation to its own digital transformation process. The article documents the methodology applied in the project named Ruta transformadora, and the results obtained to date. The methodology presented is based on strategic definitions for each of the specific objectives presented by the Bank. An initial diagnosis of each of the objectives was made, researching both about the Banking sector in Colombia, and making a bibliographic review of the current state of Banking. Subsequently, the characteristics, implementations, and decisions to implement were raised, to rethink the Institution's Operational Model, aligning it with the ultimate purpose of the organization. Therefore, the approach of this model intends to allow access and inclusion of financial value propositions that are relevant and pertinent for the popular sectors. In addition, it was possible to identify the importance of implementing a Multichannel Strategy to achieve the general objective of the Banco Caja Social. Consequently, it was concluded that the Bank's IT, based on its operating model, should focus on the following aspects: enhance customer management capabilities, automate business processes, and promote the incorporation of a multi-channel management strategy. The advance of the General Objective of the Bank is currently at 62%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, a group of eminent forensic scientists published The Sydney Declaration - Revisiting the essence of forensic science through its fundamental principles in Forensic Science International. The Sydney Declaration was delivered to revisit "the essence of forensic science, its purpose, and fundamental principles". At its heart, revisiting these foundational principles is hoped to "benefit forensic science as a whole to be more relevant, effective and reliable". But can these principles be translated operationally by a forensic services provider to achieve the benefits prescribed? How do we make the leap from a theoretical concept and begin to put it into practice to bring about the real and meaningful change that the declaration hopes to achieve? In this paper we will attempt to discuss how the Australian Federal Police (AFP) Forensics Command has reflected on the Sydney Declaration by relating reforms developed and implemented to our operating model with some selected principles. We hope to show that while the Sydney Declaration could be perceived as academic and disconnected from operations, it has the potential to impact and positively influence reforms and changes for forensic science providers. The AFP Forensics Command experience shows the operational relevance of The Sydney Declaration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of the public sector is a major discussion topic internationally. The discussion often refers to a need to review, renew or reform public regulation in an attempt to balance the public economy, citizens' needs, digitalisation, and the sustainable use of resources. For example, Finland aims to reform-built environment regulation and promote digitalisation both on local and national levels, while balancing efficiency needs. This paper explores the potential to improve public land use processes by enhancing efficiency in the building permit process. The paper studies possible solutions based on the case development processes of two Finnish cities, and reflects on them in a nationwide context by interviewing key persons in municipal land use management. Based on the findings, the challenges in achieving efficiency lie in the complexity of processes, public sector management, organisational culture, and the needs of co-operation on multiple levels. Particularly problematic is the unpredictability of the process, possibly outweighing the tangible benefits of the development. Digitalisation, including the use of data models and 3D BIM in automation, interaction and knowledge management, is expected to aid the efficiency of the land use and building permit processes in the long run. Findings suggests that emphasising development in land use and building permit processes, fostering a new way of thinking and redesigning the public sector's operating model are essential. The redesign should focus on more strategic management and on a new mindset for designing and conducting public processes. A successful new operating model and a renewed mindset would enable the adaptation of regulatory renewal, digitalisation and the sustainable use of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the coastal fisheries co-management regime in Japan, local fishers play important roles in deciding on and implementing local management measures. Therefore, using the case study of a hairtail trolling line fishery, we conducted a transdisciplinary research with fishers, processors, government officers, etc. Taking social and biological factors into account, we defined management criteria and targets (resource, economic, human community, and local food culture) in collaboration with local fishers. We chartered local fishing vessels to determine parameters that were easily understood by local fishers. We established a local consultative committee comprising fishers, processors, and distributors, and developed a fish distribution strategy to nurture the local hairtail food culture. The integrated effects of various management scenarios were evaluated by the operating model. We found that co-ordinated management by both the trolling line fishery and purse seiners in the neighbouring prefecture was required to achieve targets. Two realistic scenarios are recommended: a conservative scenario that could achieve targets even with few strong year classes, and an adaptive scenario that protects strong year classes, but relies on a higher frequency of these. We shared these results with the local fishers and government officers, which led to actual improvements in management measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete operating model for circular economy (CE) would benefit policymakers, firms, academia, society and NGOs for informed decision-making relating to CE operations, tactics and strategic goals. The current prevailing paradigm of a CE operating model encompasses three CE levels: micro-level for firms, meso-level for eco-industry parks and symbiosis, and macro-level for governments and regions. This is arguably an incomplete model, causing circular fallacies, such as problem shifting, poor prioritization, and optimization of the wrong system. In this paper, a CE operating- and also stakeholder-model is explored through theory integration (TI) of CE and the related fields of sustainability, economy, governance and management. TI from these fields has a potential to unlock compounding knowledge for operations and informed decision-making for CE. The result of this TI is the "eco Quintuple Helix Model" (eco-5HM) which integrates the three CE levels with the hierarchical triple bottom line (TBL), nine ecosystem boundaries, three decision-making levels and the 5HM. The eco-5HM comprises five operation and stakeholder levels – firms, governments, academia, society and environment – each with their own systems, operations, interactions, scales and indicators. This CE operating model can better inform decision-makers for CE operations and tactics to achieve the strategic goal of sustainability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The" Internet + QQ farm" creative agriculture presented in this paper is the innovation based on the currently booming reality QQ farm, aimed at reducing cost , improving efficiency and optimizing human and material resource elements. It can make Internet provide technical support for intelligence-based life, leisure, entertainment, with good prospects for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key factors to consider in the development of a management strategy evaluation (MSE) for small pelagic fish resources of south-central Chile, common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) and anchovy (Engraulis ringens) were identified. In Chile, MSE has not been applied to manage these fisheries and scientific advice has been developed on the evaluation of harvest strategies using single species stock assessment models. For both resources the following topics were analyzed: i) alternation of population abundance pulses associated with recruitment and catches, ii) temporal variability in recruitment strength, iii) seasonality of cohort and species-specific growth, and iv) relationship resource-environment. Results show that the topics analyzed in this work should be considered in the development of an operating model and/or harvest control rules, given the mixed nature of both fisheries, the marked alternation and the influence of environmental conditions. Therefore, it is proposed that the design and implementation of a MSE for sardine and anchovy complex, considers the elements outlined in this study and within the framework of multi-specific assessment and mixed fishery management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable management of terrestrial hunting requires managers to set quotas restricting offtake. This often takes place in the absence of reliable information on the population size, and as a consequence, quotas are set in an arbitrary fashion, leading to population decline and revenue loss. In this investigation, we show how an indirect measure of abundance can be used to set quotas in a sustainable manner, even in the absence of information on population size. Focusing on lion hunting in Africa, we developed a simple algorithm to convert changes in the number of safari days required to kill a lion into a quota for the following year. This was tested against a simulation model of population dynamics, accounting for uncertainties in demography, observation, and implementation. Results showed it to reliably set sustainable quotas despite these uncertainties, providing a robust foundation for the conservation of hunted species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development and progress of Internet technology, the network has increasingly become a key part of daily life and challenged some traditional customs, and reading is one of the very significant areas. And the birth of the net literature is almost obvious, and some literary phenomena related to this are not a coincidence. At the same time, the wave of commercialization in the network has been leading the operating model of original literary websites to be mature, which has a great impact on the traditional publishing. Original literary website provides a platform for the development of net literature, along with this, the authors and readers of net literature has generally expanded and there are the new trends of resource integration and industrialization. However, a series of problem still exists, including copyright protection and content quality control. For the traditional publishing industry, original net literary websites are both partners and competitors, because they have different resources, meanwhile, the combination of them is no longer new. The operating mode of original net literary websites can also provide experience to the traditional publishing industry about how to develop digital publishing. This article will focus on the status and operating model of original literary websites, and make a comprehensive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

systematic approach is considered for effective use of high density ceramic for manufacturing cutting and working tools, based on use of a model constructed for their operation and separate levels of controlling their operating properties. A mechanism is developed for controlling the operating properties of ceramic tools, aimed at creating conditions forming the minimum level of micro- and macrostresses, reducing the probability of development of operating defects, increasing the time for defect-free operation of tools, reducing wear intensity and the probability of unpredictable failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Howell, D., and Bogstad, B. 2010. A combined Gadget/FLR model for management strategy evaluations of the Barents Sea fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1998–2004.A biologically sensible age–length structured multispecies Gadget model (incorporating minke whales, cod, herring, and capelin) for the Barents Sea—acting as the operating model—has been linked to Fisheries Library in R—acting as the management procedure—to perform management strategy evaluations. Assessments may be run using either XSA, survey-based methods, or by taking modelled stock numbers directly. Total allowable catches are based on the assessment and harvest control rules (HCRs). The tool can be used for assessing a wide variety of sources of uncertainties within the assessment process. Model structure and linkages are described and a fit to the historical data is presented. A base case of future dynamic (non-steady state) stock trends, based on the existing HCRs, is compared with alternative management and environmental scenarios. The relative differences for each scenario in terms of stock size and catches highlight a number of uncertainties within the biological and fisheries system. The results indicate that the current management rules are robust to the range of scenarios examined so far. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Maravelias, C. D., Hillary, R., Haralabous, J., and Tsitsika, E. V. 2010. Stochastic bioeconomic modelling of alternative management measures for anchovy in the Mediterranean Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1291–1300.The purse-seine fishery for anchovy in the Aegean Sea consists of two main fleet segments (12–24 and 24–40 m vessels); this paper investigates economically and biologically preferable effort and capacity scenarios for the fishery. Attention is paid to a bioeconomic analysis of fleets composed of segments with varying levels of efficiency (in terms of catch rate) and costs (fixed and variable) and the role this might play in optimal effort allocation at a fleet level. An age-structured stochastic bioeconomic operating model for Aegean anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is constructed. It attempts to account robustly for the multiple uncertainties in the system, including (i) the effort–fishing mortality relationship, (ii) the selectivity, and (iii) the stock–recruit dynamics of the population. A method is proposed for determining the economically optimal level of long-term effort in a fishery such as this, with similar characteristics in terms of stock dynamics, fishery, and markets. Lower values of effort and capacity are predicted to yield greater future profit when viewing the fleet in its entirety, but even lower values may be advisable to maintain the long-term biological integrity of the stock. The results may prove useful in balancing the productivity of the stock with the harvesting capacity of the fleet, while managing to ensure the long-term profitability of the fleet along with the sustainability of the resource. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Jardim, E., Cerviño, S., and Azevedo, M. 2010. Evaluating management strategies to implement the recovery plan for Iberian hake (Merluccius merluccius); the impact of censored catch information. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 258–269.Iberian hake assessment revealed an increase in fishing mortality (F) despite enforcement of a recovery plan. Recent landings exceeded the total allowable catch and discarding rates were high. Alternative management strategies based on F control were evaluated with respect to the probability of recovering spawning-stock biomass (SSB), expected profits, and robustness to uncertainty on catch information and stock dynamics. Results showed that the use of censored catch data, i.e. excluding the Gulf of Cádiz or discards, may lead to inappropriate conclusions. Reducing fishing mortality was necessary for SSB to recover. An Fmax strategy with discard reduction showed the highest probability of rebuilding SSB and led the fishery to sustainable exploitation, with an expected %SPR of 30–40% in 2025, mean individual weight in the landings of 450 g in 2015, and yield increasing by >20%. Because of uncertainty in the estimates of maximum sustainable yield, management strategies based on FMSY were least robust, but all strategies were robust to alternative stock–recruit models. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The management of Japanese domestic fisheries for small cetaceans has been based on a traditional approach that involves only the best set of assumptions and data. However, uncertainty, which is pervasive and inevitable for most fisheries resources, often leads the traditional approach to serious failure. Here is presented the basic framework of a simulation-based approach with a simple Bayesian method that is applicable to Japanese fisheries for small cetaceans. For illustration, the simulation model was applied to Dall's porpoise data in order to investigate the robustness of several management procedures against uncertainty. The simulation showed that the current management procedure, based on only the best values, could fail to manage the stocks at a considerably high probability. However, the use of the conservative management procedure, potential biological removal, permits the sustainable harvesting of Dall's porpoise for at least 100 years into the future, even under uncertainty. In conjunction with a firm structure for implementation of management procedures, the spread of simulation-based approaches will quickly enable successful sustainable management of small cetaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kimoto, A., Mouri, T., and Matsuishi, T. 2007. Modelling stock–recruitment relationships to examine stock management policies. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 870–877. Simulation studies are used widely for fish stock management. In such studies, forecasting future recruitment, which can vary greatly between years, has become an essential part of evaluating management strategies. We propose a new forecasting algorithm to predict recruitment for short- or medium-term stochastic projections, using a stock–recruitment relationship. We address cases in which the spawning stock has dropped below previously observed levels, or in which predicted recruitment is situated close to the maximum observed level. The relative prediction error of seven existing algorithms was compared with that of the new model using leave-one-out cross-validation for 61 data sets from ICES, the Japanese Fisheries Agency, and PICES. The new algorithm had the smallest prediction error for 49 of the data sets, but was slightly biased by the precautionary treatment of predictions of high recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Namibian sardine stock has experienced intense exploitation since 1950, with catches peaking at 1.4 million tonnes in 1968, followed by a collapse in the 1970s and 1980s. Namibia therefore inherited a severely depleted stock at Independence in 1990. The paper describes data available since Independence, which includes research survey data, and length frequencies obtained from port sampling. It also presents age-structured stock assessment models, which consider some of the main sources of uncertainty relating to values for natural mortality, and assumptions about survey bias, density-dependent effects in survey bias and variance, and the form of the stock-recruit curve. These models could be used as “operating models” to underpin the future development of management procedures for Namibian sardine. Despite reasonable fits, 95% confidence intervals for natural mortality are fairly wide and estimates of precision poor for most models considered. However, the model that assumes density-dependence in survey variance shows superior fits and improved estimates compared to the others, despite reservations about the existence of such effects. This indicates the need to explore the possibility of density-dependence in survey variance further if future management procedure performance is negatively affected by it. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Pastoors, M. A., Poos, J. J., Kraak, S. B. M., and Machiels, M. A. M. 2007. Validating management simulation models and implications for communicating results to stakeholders. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 818–824.Simulations of management plans generally aim to demonstrate the robustness of the plans to assumptions about population dynamics and fleet dynamics. Such modelling is characterized by specification of an operating model (OM) representing the underlying truth and a management procedure that mimics the process of acquiring knowledge, formulating management decisions, and implementing those decisions. We employ such a model to evaluate a management plan for North Sea flatfish proposed by the North Sea Regional Advisory Council in May 2005. Focus is on the construction and conditioning of OMs, key requirements for such simulations. We describe the process of setting up and validating OMs along with its effects on the ability to communicate the results to the stakeholders. We conclude that there is tension between the level of detail required by stakeholders and the level of detail that can be provided. In communicating the results of simulations, it is necessary to make very clear how OMs depend on past perceptions of stock dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Plagányi, É. E., Rademeyer, R. A., Butterworth, D. S., Cunningham, C. L., and Johnston, S. J. 2007. Making management procedures operational — innovations implemented in South Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 626–632.Operational management procedures (OMPs) have become an indispensable fisheries management tool in South Africa in light of their ability to consider the consequences of the main sources of assessment uncertainty. An overview is provided of the MP approaches applied to the major South African fisheries for hake, sardine and anchovy, and west coast rock lobster. As these are among the first OMPs to be implemented worldwide, some for periods longer than 10 y, they provide useful examples of some of the successes and problems encountered with the approach. Particular emphasis is given to some recent innovations and adaptations. These include moves to (i) joint two-species OMPs for the hake and sardine/anchovy resources; (ii) a reference set of weighted operating models for primary testing and tuning in preference to a single model; (iii) consideration of a “research-conditional” approach for hake to allow greater catches in the short term, conditional on research being implemented to resolve a key uncertainty; and (iv) incorporation of some ecosystem considerations by developing appropriate robustness tests (which link with moves towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries). Key lessons gained from experience over the past decade of OMP implementation in South Africa are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Rademeyer, R. A., Plagányi, É. E., and Butterworth, D. S. 2007. Tips and tricks in designing management procedures. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 618–625. Management procedures (MPs) are becoming widely used in fisheries management, but guidelines to assist in their construction, evaluation, and implementation are few. We provide simple guidelines by drawing on experience from developing and applying MPs in southern Africa and internationally. Suggestions are provided on how to choose between candidate MPs and on key trade-offs in selecting between data-based (empirical) and model-based formulations. Assistance is also provided in dealing with different sources of uncertainty, such as deciding which operating models should be included in a reference set used for primary simulation testing and tuning (in contrast to robustness or sensitivity tests), and on how weights for the associated alternative hypotheses are most practically assigned. Finally, some guidelines are given for presenting the results effectively, which is one of the key challenges of a successful implementation process. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Butterworth, D. S. 2007. Why a management procedure approach? Some positives and negatives. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 613–617. The origin of the management procedure (MP) approach (sometimes termed management strategy evaluation), with its simulation testing of feedback-control algorithms as a necessary and structured basis for dealing with the inevitable uncertainties associated with fisheries assessments, is briefly reviewed. Also discussed are the advantages that overcome some of the difficulties of the “traditional” approach of coupling an annual “best” assessment to some harvest control rule, such as a failure to consider longer-term trade-offs properly. The MP approach does, however, also have disadvantages, such as the length of time typically required for its development and an argued inflexibility after implementation. Solutions that have been developed to overcome some of these difficulties are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this paper is to review recent work on four key challenges in fisheries science and management: (1) dealing with pervasive uncertainties and risks; (2) estimating probabilities for uncertain quantities; (3) evaluating performance of proposed management actions; and (4) communicating technical issues. These challenges are exacerbated in fisheries that harvest multiple stocks, and various methods provide partial solutions to them: (i) risk assessments and decision analyses take uncertainties into account by permitting several alternative hypotheses to be considered at once. (ii) Hierarchical models applied to multi-stock data sets can improve estimates of probability distributions for model parameters compared with those derived through single-stock analyses. (iii) Operating models of complete fishery systems provide comprehensive platforms for testing management procedures. (iv) Finally, results from research in such other disciplines as cognitive psychology can facilitate better communication about uncertainties and risks among scientists, managers, and stakeholders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Stock status for many medium- and small-scale fisheries is unknown due, for example, to a lack of catch data and the absence of scientific observer programs. However, length-frequency data are often available for such fisheries because they are the cheapest and easiest data to obtain. Various stock assessment methods have been developed that use length-frequency data and make equilibrium assumptions regarding both recruitment and fishing mortality. These assumptions raise questions regarding the reliability of the results, particularly when the method is applied to a single sample of length-frequency. We developed a Length-Based Pseudo-cohort Analysis (LBPA) model whose parameters can be estimated using multiple length frequencies and penalized maximum likelihood, under the assumption that using more than one length-frequency sample reduces the effects of the equilibrium conditions assumed in the model. We explored the performance of LBPA using simulations that examined the implications for estimation of the spawning potential rate (SPR) and the relative fishing mortality (F/F MSY). These simulations considered scenarios related to exploitation rate, steepness, numbers of years and sample sizes for length-frequency, and data weights. The performance of LBPA was compared to that of length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR). LBPA performed better with additional length-frequencies than with increased sample size, irrespective of how the data were weighted, and generally outperformed LBSPR. Estimates were more accurate and less biased when exploitation rates were high. This work provides guidelines that should be considered when using length-based pseudo-cohort models for data-poor fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We develop prototype operating models using regional tuna stock assessment outputs. • We present examples HCRs using CPUE and mean length indices from local monitoring. • Options to evaluate cost-effective sampling strategies for small-scale fisheries. • Applicable to coastal developing fishing nations engaged in tuna or shared stocks. Indonesia is a member of three tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs), but currently has limited capacity to operationally manage its tuna fisheries to maximise benefits and minimise risks of overfishing. In 2014, the Government of Indonesia initiated discussions on the potential to develop formal harvest strategies for the management of tuna resources within its archipelagic waters. This article summarizes the development of potential empirical tuna harvest strategies for use in Indonesian archipelagic waters (Fisheries Management Areas 713, 714 and 715), using skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) as demonstration case studies. The outputs of area-specific components of Western Central Pacific Ocean stock assessment were used to condition prototype operating models for testing preliminary harvest strategies by management strategy evaluation. The case studies demonstrate the utility of scientific monitoring data to track trends in abundance of adult fish, without requiring complex stock assessment models. They also demonstrate the use of relatively simple, empirical harvest control rules to adjust the levels of fishing intensity of the Indonesian fleet to achieve specific management objectives for archipelagic waters in the context of wider regional management. The approach has a broad applicability to developing coastal nations with multi-gear fisheries and relatively limited data that harvest tuna, as well as participating in RFMOs for internationally managed stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]