Search

Background: Echinococcosis, or hydatid disease, is caused by the larval forms of taeniid cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are the primary species responsible for human echinococcosis, and mostly they affect the liver. The disease course is typically slow, and the patients tend to remain asymptomatic for many years. Case presentation: A case of 19-year-old male Somali from Medina, Saudi Arabia, was presented to the Mogadishu Somali Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of right upper quadrant abdominal pain and dysuria for 1 month. A thorough physical examination, laboratory examination, and imaging investigations, including abdominal sonography and computed tomography (CT), were conducted. Both ultrasound and CT scans revealed a cystic lesion in the right lobe of the liver, confirming the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. Consequently, the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. It was successfully managed surgically, and the definitive diagnosis was provided by the pathologist, confirming degenerated echinococcal cysts that contain abundant debris. Additionally, the patient received oral albendazole both before and after the surgery and after 7 months and is currently symptom-free. Conclusions: Hydatid disease in the liver may persist without symptoms and often goes undiagnosed due to the slow growth of the cysts. The diagnosis needs careful history reporting, physical examination, and appropriate imaging investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of submarine carbon dioxide (CO2) vents on seawater carbonate chemistry have been determined using hydrographical and marine carbonate data obtained from two submarine hydrothermal vent fields, as well as a reference station, all near the Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. We have shown that one can successfully determine the excess carbon that enters the seawater from the vents by applying a modified version of a back-calculation technique, which is traditionally used to study the invasion of excess atmospheric CO2 in the surface ocean. As a result of this excess carbon, total dissolved inorganic carbon ( CT) in the seawater surrounding the vents was on average 12 μmol kg−1 (1-30 μmol kg−1) higher compared to samples obtained from a reference station outside the venting areas. The observed excess CT was most significant between 100 m and 200 m but was noticeable in all depths with the exception of the upper 10-20 m. The absence of a venting CO2 signal in the surface water and the realism of the results are discussed. We believe the present method is promising for monitoring (detection and quantification) of CO2 leakage into the water column due to its high sensitivity and readiness for automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The seasonal and interannual variability of the air–sea CO2 flux (F) in the Atlantic sector of the Barents Sea have been investigated. Data for seawater fugacity of CO2 (fCO2 sw) acquired during five cruises in the region were used to identify and validate an empirical procedure to compute fCO2 sw from phosphate (PO4), seawater temperature (T), and salinity (S). This procedure was then applied to time series data of T, S, and PO4 collected in the Barents Sea Opening during the period 1990–1999, and the resulting fCO2 sw estimates were combined with data for the atmospheric mole fraction of CO2, sea level pressure, and wind speed to evaluate F. The results show that the Atlantic sector of the Barents Sea is an annual sink of atmospheric CO2. The monthly mean uptake increases nearly monotonically from 0.101 mol C m−2 in midwinter to 0.656 mol C m−2 in midfall before it gradually decreases to the winter value. Interannual variability in the monthly mean flux was evaluated for the winter, summer, and fall seasons and was found to be ±0.071 mol C m−2 month−1. The variability is controlled mainly through combined variation of fCO2 sw and wind speed. The annual mean uptake of atmospheric CO2 in the region was estimated to 4.27±0.68 mol C m−2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Reports on the design and construction of an optical instrumentation system by which fine-scale vertical displacements of microalgae can be studied in artificial water column without influencing fine physical, chemical and biological structures of the water column; Examination of the fine-behavioral responses of microalgae to vertical gradients in environmental parameters.

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. Highprofile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North Sea is one of the busiest and most exploited marine areas on Earth and is home to many highly migratory and economically important species. At the northern boundary, a 300‐km corridor between Norway and Shetland forms a major egress point from the North Sea to the Norwegian Sea and broader Atlantic Ocean, which is known to be used by many focal species including Atlantic salmon, European eel, European sturgeon, Atlantic bluefin tuna, basking shark, Atlantic mackerel, spiny dogfish, among others. We argue that this relatively shallow 300‐km corridor is a critical area for ecological and oceanographic research in the North Sea to understand species distribution, migratory patterns, responses to climate, fisheries, and more. Instrumentation of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor with a line of oceanographic and biological tracking infrastructure would help capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ocean and its major fauna between the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, a boundary between management areas from ICES and OSPAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

7- https://ieaghg.org/ccs-resources/monitoring-selection-tool 8- Following inclusion of capture installations in EIA Directive (85/337/EEC), now repealed by Directive 2011/92/EU, environmental impact assessment has to be carried out in the capture permit process, cf. preamble CCS Directive sec. 27. 9- https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/responsible-research-innovation Figure 1: Conceptual sketch of the monitoring tool kit. International law, regional (like EU) and national regulations come into play in the CO 2 storage permit procedure, including preliminary Risk and Project Impact assessments, procedural requirements regarding stakeholder and public participation, and public access to information and integrated assessments. International Conference on Marine Data and Information Systems 12-14 Aprile, 2021- Online 101 Assurance offshore monitoring, a cross-disciplinary approach. [Extracted from the article]

• We show strong increasing trends in the seasonal surface water f CO 2 in the northern Barents Sea and Nansen Basin. • The strong trends are correlated to a sharp decline in sea ice concentration. • Increases in salinity, reflecting an Atlantification of the area, contribute to the strong trends in the surface water f CO 2. Maps of surface water fugacity of CO 2 (f CO 2) over eastern Fram Strait, south-western Nansen Basin, and the north-western Barents Sea (73–84°N, 5–46°E) from September 1997 to December 2020 were made and used to investigate seasonal and temporal trends. The mapping utilized a neural network technique, the self-organizing map (SOM), that was trained with different combinations of satellite/observational/model data of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), mixed layer depth (MLD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), sea ice concentration, and atmospheric mole fraction of CO 2 (xCO 2). The trained SOM was labelled with available surface ocean f CO 2 data, and the labelled SOM was subsequently used to map the f CO 2. The produced maps reveal that f CO 2 in northern Barents Sea, at the border of the Nansen Basin, has increased significantly over the last decades by between 4.2 and 5.5 ± 0.6–1.1 µatm yr−1 over the winter to summer seasons. These rates are twice the rate of atmospheric CO 2 increase, which was about 2 µatm yr−1. The spatial pattern coincides with the strongest decreases in sea ice concentration as well as with a salinification of the surface water. The former allows for a prolongation of the air-sea CO 2 flux with resultant oceanic CO 2 uptake in previously ice-covered waters, and the latter is caused by a shift from Arctic Water dominance to more saline waters containing more dissolved inorganic carbon, most likely of Atlantic Water origin although brine-release influenced deep water may also contribute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gridded fields of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), and wind speed were used in combination with data for the atmospheric mole fraction of CO2 and an empirical relationship between measured values of the fugacity of carbon dioxide in surface water and SST, to calculate the air–sea CO2 flux in the northern North Atlantic. The flux was calculated for each of the months October–March, in the time period 1981 until 2001, allowing for an assessment of the interannual variations in the region. Locally and on a monthly time scale, the interannual variability of the flux could be as high as ±100% in regions seasonally covered by sea ice. However, in open-ocean areas the variability was normally between ±20% and ±40%. The interannual variability was found to be approximately halved when fluxes averaged over each winter season were compared. Summarised over the whole northern North Atlantic, the air to sea carbon flux over winter totalled 0.08 Gton, with an interannual variability of about ±7%. On a monthly basis the interannual variations were slightly higher, about ±8% to ±13%. Changes in wind speed and atmospheric fCO2 (the latter directly related to SLP variations) accounted for most of the interannual variations of the computed air–sea CO2 fluxes. A tendency for increasing CO2 flux into the ocean with increasing values of the NAO index was identified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]