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This work aims to analyze aspects related to the Contextual Component and its relationship with the Morphosyntactic Level for the expression of the volitive modality in Spanish language, based on the speeches of Pope Francis on apostolic journey. For this we adopted the theoretical model of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008) considering that the Context Component can influence the morphosyntactic coding of linguistic expressions. Based on Connolly (2014) and Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2014) which present the context as a complex and multifunctional structure, we propose some categories of analysis related to the Contextual Component for the coding of the volitive modality in Spanish language. The analysis of the data shows that the morphosyntactic codification for the expression of the volitive modality presents differentiations, considering the type of environment and the type of listener to whom Pope Francisco directs his discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are reemergent arboviruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus. During the last several decades, these viruses have been responsible for millions of cases of infection and thousands of deaths worldwide. Therefore, several investigations were conducted over the past few years to find antiviral compounds for the treatment of DENV and CHIKV infections. One attractive strategy is the screening of compounds that target enzymes involved in the replication of both DENV and CHIKV. In this review, we describe advances in the evaluation of natural products targeting the enzymes involved in the replication of these viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue is a neglected disease responsible for 22,000 deaths each year in areas where it is endemic. To date, there is no clinically approved dengue vaccine or antiviral for human beings, even though there have been great efforts to accomplish these goals. Several approaches have been used in the search for dengue antivirals such as screening of compounds against dengue virus enzymes and structure-based computational discovery. During the last decades, researchers have turned their attention to nature, trying to identify compounds that can be used as dengue antivirals. Nature represents a vast reservoir of substances that can be explored with the aim of discovering new leads that can be either used directly as pharmaceuticals or can serve as lead structures that can be optimized towards the development of new antiviral agents against dengue. In this review we describe an assortment of natural products that have been reported as possessing dengue antiviral activity. The natural products are organized into classes of substances. When appropriate, structure-activity relationships are outlined. The biological assays used to assess antiviral activity are briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]