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Objective In tumor development, tumor angiogenesis is an essential component, and a valuable marker in the differantial diagnosis of brain tumors. As menengiomas are highly vascular tumors in this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of prostate-spesific membrane antigen (PSMA) in menengiomas by immunohistochemistry method to determine different target therapies. Material and Method Pathologic specimens with the diagnosis Grade I (n=32), Grade II (n=6) ve Grade III (n=10) of 48 patients operated for menengioma in our clinic, were evaluated for PSMA-antibody via immunohistochemical method. PSMA staining intensities in tumor tissue and tumor epithelium were analyzed. Vascular expression in tumoral and extratumoral stroma, and intensity score, according to PSMA expression, in tumoral epithelium were analyzed. Results Immunohistochemical analyses of different grade menengioma specimens showed no statistically significant differences between PSMA expression and PSMA staining intensities in tumor tissue and tumor epithelium (p>0.05). Conclusion Some molecular biomarkers, that take part in angiogenesis of agressive and unresectable menengiomas come into prominence. Although no significant results were achieved in terms of PSMA, as the molecular and genetic techniques progress, tumor biology manifestation and determination of potential targets will lead to new treatment procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors with different grades. Especially in the high grade gliomas tumor angiogenesis is an essential component, and a valuable marker for the prognosis. In this stuıdy we aimed to evaluate the expression of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in glial tumors by im-munochemistry method to determine different targeted therapies. Material and Methods Overall 93 patients' specimens, including Grade II (n=22), Grade III (n=19), Grade IV (n=52) glial tumors, were evaluated for PSMA-antibody via immunohistochemical method. PSMA staining intensities in tumor tissue and tumor epithelium were analyzed. Vascular expression in tumoral and extratumoral stroma, and intensity score, according to PSMA expression, in tumoral epithelium were analyzed. Results In high grade gliomas, vascular PSMA staining percentage and vascular intensity score were significantly higher than low grade (p<0.05). In the epithelium of the tumors, although a significant increase was observed in vascular PSMA staining percentage (p<0.05) of low grade tumors, the increase in vascular intensity score of high grade tumors was not significant. Conclusion Significant increase in PSMA staining percentage and vascular intensity score of tumor stroma in high grade gliomas due to more neovascularisation, demonstrates that therapeutic agents can be effective in this group of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to report the treatment approaches we administered to the patients admitted to our clinic for odontoid fracture, accompanied by literature. Material and Methods Eighteen patients with odontoid fracture who admitted to our clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Six patients were female, twelve patients were male and the mean age was 45,5 (16-87). Type 1 fracture in 7 patients, Type 2 fracture in 4 patients and Type 3 fractures in 7 patients were determined. As 86% of the patients with type 1 fracture, and 57% of the patients with type 3 fracture were treated conservatively, all patients with type 2 fracture treated with anterior odontoid screw and in 1 patient with type 3 fracture posterior arthrodesis was performed. Six of the conservatively treated patients used Halo-Vest, 3 of them used Philadelphia cervical collar, and 2 of them used sterno-occipito-mandibular immobilizer (SOMI). Results Fusion was occurred in 7 patients (64%) of 11 patients, who treated conservatively, and in the 4 patients (36%) surgery was planned as non-fusion was occurred. Two of these patients with no symptoms did not accept surgery. In one patient, with anterior surgery, posterior occipitocervical fusion was done as screw malposition was seen. Conclusion In decision making of the odontoid fractures, type of the fracture and age of the patient should be considered. As deciding the surgical technique beside clinical improvement, fusion rate is also important. In the elder patients anterior screwing should be preferred to conserve mobility; in the older patients posterior fusion should be preferred not to have mechanical deficiency and to minimize the other complications. However appropriate treatment strategy is still not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Various pathologies can be seen in craniovertebral junction. Menengiomas, the most frequent, and schwannoma, ependimoma, hemangioblastoma are the benign extra-osseous lesions localized in this region. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the patients admitted to our clinic with an extra-osseous lesion in craniovertebral junction, and operated via posterior approach to dominate vertebral artery and preserve stabilisation, without an instrument. Material and Methods The data of 3 patients, admitted and operated in the neurosurgery department of Süleyman Demirel University, were evaluated. Two of the patients were male, and one of them was female, and the mean age was 47 (37-66). Microsurgical intradural lesion excision was done with posterior approach via using intraoperative neuromonitoring after hemilaminectomy. Results The pathological diagnosis was schwannoma in 2 patients and meningioma in 1 patient. No neurological deficit was observed in the patients during postoperative period. Improvement was observed in closure motor evoked potansiyel (MEP) values (4.3%; 6.7%; 9.4% improvement) compared with initial values in all patients. Conclusion Various approaches from anterior and posterior were reported in this region lesions. Performing the most possible extensive and reliable tumor resection should be the initial aim during the evaluation of surgical techniques. In the lesions localized dorsally posterior approach without instrumentation can be preferred with the protection of the stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment modalities on oxidative stress occured in cerebellar tissue after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Materials and Methods Different doses of Pregabaline (30-60 mg/kg Pregabalin (PREG), and Nimodipine (NIMO), Salubrinal (SLB), Pulsed ElectromagneticFfield (PEMF) was used in the rats, that SAH was comprised via 0,3cc otolog blood injection into the cisterna magna. After sacrification oxidative stress parameters like Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) were evaluated in the cerellum tissues. Results Significant decrease was seen in the TOS and OSI values of the groups that PREG30 (p=0.003 for both), PREG (p=0.026 and p=0.005, respectively), SLB and PEMF were used. Although there was no statistically difference in the TAS values of the PREG and DEMA groups, significant difference was seen in the SLB and NIMO groups. In the NIMO group there was a significant decrease (p=0,046) in the OSI values according to the SAH group. Conclusion PREG and SLB can be protective in SAH via two different mechanisms, PEMF treatment can be effective but new studies with different application periods and doses are needed to evaluate the effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DRESS syndrome is a life threatening, rare hypersensitivity reaction to drugs with an acute onset that is characterized by fever, skin rash, visceral involvement, and hematological abnormalities. It is often seen after the use of aromatic anticonvulsants. In this article, a forty‐four year old male patient with fever and skin rash after two weeks of phenytoin administration is discussed. He has been treated successfully with systemic corticosteroids and supportive therapy after the discontinuation of phenytoin therapy. In first step health‐care, the primary physician should be able to administer his patients' acute and chronic health problems concurrently. As in our case, a family physician should administer his patient well in the presence of fever with acute onset and he should question about the drugs used in the presence of accompanying skin rash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transoral penetrating foreign body injury of the neck involving the cervical spine is a rare condition. We present an injury caused by transoral penetration of a broken piece of a wooden plank into the neck with injury to the upper cervical spine in a 31-year-old male patient. The foreign body was removed transorally with the patient making a full recovery under close observation and was discharged and followed up with no complications. This paper highlights the types of neck injuries, the key points to be considered in zone III neck injury in light of existing literature and a discussion on the management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]