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To improve the performance of an absorption system, ionic liquids (ILs) have been chosen as additives to conventional working fluid (lithium bromide aqueous solution) in recent years. In this paper, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim]Ac) was added to lithium bromide aqueous solution (mass ratio LiBr/[Emim]Ac = 3) to measure the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the ternary system. The experiment was conducted by means of boiling point method, at temperatures between 303.94 K and 405.41 K and mass fractions of absorbent between 0.20 and 0.60. The experimental data were regressed using an Antoine-type equation, and the average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) between the experimental and calculated values was 0.34%, which showed excellent accuracy and consistency. The experimental ternary system was compared with the conventional LiBr + H2O system and two other ternary systems from the literature; the result revealed that the experimental ternary system had lower vapor pressures, which will benefit the process of releasing latent heat in absorption cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf) is an environmentally friendly promising alternative to 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) in air conditioning applications. The heat capacity of R1234yf in liquid phase was investigated in this study. The measurements were carried out with a modified heat conduction calorimeter. A total of 74 data points were obtained among 305-355 K and 1.5-5 MPa. The uncertainty of the heat capacity measurements was estimated to be less than 1.7%. An empirical equation was correlated to reproduce the experimental result with its terms chosen by a stepwise method. The maximum deviation between the correlating equation and the experimental data was 1.5%. Furthermore, saturated liquid heat capacity of R1234yf was obtained by extrapolating the correlation to saturated pressures. Finally, a comparison was done between the present data and literature experimental data and calculations from a fundamental equation of state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ejector-compression ship refrigeration system for provision rooms designed. • Jacket cooling water of 85 to 95 °C is appropriate for ejector stage. • Two different-geometry ejectors apply to operate in variable seawater temperatures. • Ejector stage introduction contributes to 25–33 % fuel savings vs. standard system. • Ejector stage utilizing leads to 23.1–18.3 % CO 2 emission decrease vs. standard system. A novel combined ejector-compression refrigeration system for provision rooms of merchant ships was conceptualized and analyzed. The principle possibility of recovery of onboard low-grade heat (85–95 °С) of jacket cooling water was confirmed. Two ejectors of different geometries to ensure the ejector stage operation when the seawater temperature varies in a wide range were designed and proposed to install in parallel. The performance of the combined system was compared to a vapor-compression one and the choice of the rational temperatures in the condenser-evaporator t C/Ev was performed. The combined system COP total is considerably higher than the vapor-compression system, and it weakly depends on heat source temperature. At condensing temperature t C = 34 °С the decreasing in t C/Ev from 20/15 to 10/5 °С results in increasing of COP total up to 13.5 % at generation temperature t G = 80 °С and up to 15.6 % at t G = 90 °С. Utilizing the combined system for the onboard cold production will contribute to fuel savings of 25 to 33 % per voyage (operation and transport) vs. vapor-compression system. The combined system inherent the lower specific CO 2 emission per 1 kW h of cooling energy em refr than the standard system for all considered operation modes. The value of em refr for combined system at t C/Ev = 10/5 °C, t G = 80 °C and t C = 36 °C or t C = 42 °C is 23.1% or 18.3%, respectively, less than for the vapor-compression one. The approach to analysis proposed can be used for assessment of the feasibility of utilization of low-grade heat and the retrofit of ship refrigeration systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-inhabiting fungi are abundant in China, but their distribution is uneven, with more fungi in southwest China and fewer fungi in northwest China. During the investigation of wood-inhabiting fungi in Xinjiang, we collected a large number of specimens. Eight specimens growing on Picea schrenkiana were collected from Tianshan Mountains, and they were described as two new species in Ceriporiopsis and Sidera based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis is characterized by a cream to salmon-buff pore surface, larger pores measuring 1-3 per mm, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores 5-6.5 × 3-4 µm. Sidera tianshanensis is characterized by annual to perennial basidiocarps, measuring 15 mm thick, pores 5-7 per mm, cream to rosy buff pore surface, and allantoid basidiospores 3-3.5 × 1-1.4 µm. Detailed illustrations and descriptions of the novel species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isobaric heat capacity of HFC-161(fluoroethane, C2H5F) in the liquid phase wasmeasured at temperaturesfrom 305.15 K to 360.15 K and pressures up to 5.5 MPa. A total of74 data points were obtained by a modified heat conduct calorimeter,which was applied in the experiment. And the measuring uncertaintyof the heat capacity was estimated to be less than 0.046. The heatcapacity of HFC-161 was correlated as an empirical equation, and thus,the average absolute deviation (AAD %) and maximum absolute deviation(MAD %) between the experimental data and results by the correlatedequation were 0.29 % and 1.15 %. Extrapolating the correlated equationto saturated points obtains the saturated isobaric heat capacity,which is then correlated with an empirical equation. As a result,the AAD % and MAD % were respectively 0.19 % and 0.78 %. Finally,comparisons between the experimental data and the calculations fromNIST REFPROP or Engineering Equation Solver (EES) were carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromechanical coupling plays a key role in determining the performance of stretchable strain sensor. Current regulation of the electromechanical coupling in stretchable strain sensor is largely restricted by the intrinsic mechanical properties of the device. In this study, a microfluidic strain sensor based on the core–shell package design with the auxetic metamaterial (AM) is presented. By overriding the mechanical properties of the device, the AM in the package effectively tunes the deformation of the microfluidic channel with the applied strain and configures the directional strain sensitivity with a large modulation range. The gauge factor (GF) of the strain sensor in the radial direction of the channel can be gradually shifted from the intrinsically negative value to a positive one by adopting the AMs with different designs. By simply replacing the AM in the package, the microfluidic strain sensor with the core–shell package can be configurated as an omnidirectional or directional stretchable strain sensor. With the directional sensitivity brought by the rational AM design, the application of the AMintegrated strain sensor in the skin-mounted tactile detection is demonstrated with high tolerance to unintended wrist movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both vertical uplift and lateral extrusion of rocks in convergent orogens have been widely documented. This article, using the basement core of the Qinling orogen as an example, demonstrates orogen-parallel westward uplift with both vertical and horizontal displacement components. The Qinling complex of the Qinling orogen is a tectonic slice of a Precambrian crystalline basement. It is an elongate lens between younger terranes bounded by the Shangdan suture to the south and by the Zhuxia zone to the north. During the middle Paleozoic, the complex underwent largescale orogen-parallel westward oblique ductile uplift. Supporting evidence for this includes the following: (1) opposite shear senses of the two bounding shear zones, i.e., the thrust-sinistral shear on the south and thrust-dextral shear on the north; (2) well-developed eastward plunging (orogen-parallel) A-type structures in the complex, such as stretching lineation and sheath folds; (3) strong decompression metamorphism of the complex from 0.66 GPa to 0.45 GPa and eclogites decompressed from 1.2 GPa to 0.5 GPa; and (4) eastward migration in the emplacement of synkinematic granitic plutons. Integrated analysis of PT evolution paths suggests a vertical uplift of the basement complex relative to adjacent Paleozoic supracrustal rocks ranging from 15 to 40 km. Coeval west-directed horizontal displacement is then estimated to range from 32 to 86 km and total oblique displacement from 36 to 95 km, using an average 25° plunge of mineral stretching lineations in the boundary shear zones. This oblique uplift could be explained by soft oblique extrusion derived from a scissors-like (or zipped) subduction/collision between the North and South Qinling belts. Because plate boundaries are usually irregular and nonparallel both in the vertical and horizontal, orogenparallel oblique uplift (soft oblique extrusion) may be widespread in collisional orogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]