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The strontium-modified barium titanate ( Ba 0. 7 Sr 0. 3 TiO 3) ceramic was fabricated by high temperature compound reaction route. The pattern of X-ray diffraction confirms a single-phase compound with better crystallization. The dielectric properties (permittivity/loss) are investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The relaxation mechanism and correlation with the physical properties are studied using complex impedance spectroscopy. The Nyquist plot shows the association of various effects (grain and grain boundary) by fitting electrical circuits at various temperature regions. This study tells the nature and conduction mechanism of the prepared sample. The Jonscher's universal power law is being followed by the frequency-dependent ac conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general composition of (La 1/2 Li 1/2)(Fe 2/3 W 1/3)O 3) bulk ceramic was prepared by a cheap ceramic technology. The thermal analysis (TGA) was used to examine the weight loss and disintegration of the ingredients or mixture. The prepared solid solution crystallizes in a stable single-phase orthorhombic structure. The complex impedance and modulus spectroscopy helped to carry out the systematic investigation of electrical behaviour present in the compound over wide temperature and frequency. The effect of combined grain and grain boundary on the capacitive and resistive properties was revealed through the help of impedance spectroscopy technique. The prepared solid solution exhibits the negative temperature coefficient (NTCR) behaviour like semiconductor (i.e. rise in temperature reduces the grain resistance). The Jonscher's power law was followed by the frequency dependent AC conductivity plot. The activation energy was evaluated from temperature dependent electrical conductivity. The existence of ferromagnetism with remanent magnetization of 0.79 emu/g was revealed from the M-H curve. • The compound has an excellent relaxation property. • A fascinating electrical property has been found in the material. • It has moderate magnetic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single phase multiferroic magnetoelectric compound, (Sm 0.5 Li 0.5 )(Fe 0.5 V 0.5 )O 3 , is found at room temperature. This sample is fabricated using solid state reaction route. Analysis of the structural properties of the sample by X-ray diffraction method confirmed the fabrication of the desired compound with orthorhombic unit cell structure. Morphological property of the sample is recorded by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Impedance spectroscopy is employed to determine the various electrical parameters such as dielectric constant, loss tangent, impedance, electric modulus, etc. at different temperature (RT–400 °C) within a frequency range of (1 kHz–1 MHz). Furthermore, the bulk resistance as function of temperature and J – E characteristic showed the semiconducting behavior of sample with negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) type nature of the compound. The M – H loop of this sample indicates the ferromagnetic nature with very low coercive field. A dedicated magnetoelectric set up is used to measure the ME coefficient as a function of magnetic field and found a significant ME coefficient of 2.99 mV Cm −1  Oe −1 at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scorpion sting is a public health concern with limited clinical symptomatic treatment. The clinical treatment uses anti-scorpion antivenom and prazosin (α-adrenergic inhibitor), often in combination with insulin, to reduce scorpion venom-induced hyperglycemia and other complications. However, these therapies also possess some limitations, necessitating urgent exploration of ethnomedicines, mainly traditional medicinal plants, to treat scorpion stings. Unfortunately, several conventional treatments are not scientifically validated, thus raising questions about their quality and utility. Therefore, pharmacological re-assessment of such medicinal plants to alleviate scorpion stings' complications is essential. The principal objectives of this study are to provide a brief overview of medically important scorpions of the world, outline the extant traditional practices, and comprehensively review plants used in conventional ethnic medicines to treat scorpion stings over time. Modern technological advances in identifying and characterizing plant bioactive molecules are also mentioned in this review. The traditionally used medicinal plants against scorpion stings were reviewed from the available literature in the database. The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/) was used to validate the scientific names of the plants mentioned in this study. The search targeted literature on conventional treatments and crude plant extracts or their bioactive components with proven neutralization capacity against scorpion stings. Search words used were 'scorpion sting,' 'treatment for a scorpion sting,' 'antivenom and scorpion sting,' 'traditional treatment for scorpion stings, and 'natural compounds against scorpion stings'. A list of more than 200 medicinal plants traditionally used in several countries for treating scorpion stings is presented in this review. Though some myth-based remedies are practiced to treat scorpion stings, no empirical evidence exists to validate this aspect of traditional knowledge. Only 38 traditional medicinal plant extracts have been tested under in-vivo and in-vitro conditions to determine their neutralization potency of scorpion envenomation. Although a few bioactive plant constituents showing scorpion venom neutralization potency have been characterized, they are not yet commercially available for clinical application. There is tremendous potential locked in medicinal plants' traditional knowledge for scorpion envenomation treatment. Translating this knowledge into the clinical application will require pharmacological reassessment, in tandem with isolation and characterization of active compounds to prove their prophylactic prowess. Almost equally important would be the formulation of stringent strategies to conserve such medicinal plants from overexploitation. [Display omitted] • Key issues associated with the traditional methods of treatment for scorpion stings are mentioned. • Traditionally used medicinal plants for the treatment of scorpion stings are listed. • Medicinal plants tested for anti-scorpion activity have been analyzed and critically reviewed. • Strategies for commercialization of bioactive compounds for treating scorpion stings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]