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Introduction: Left ventricular thrombosis is a relatively frequent and serious complication of ischemic and non-ischemic systolic left ventricular dysfunction. Current recommendations prefer vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in the treatment of left ventricular thrombosis (LVT). However, VKA therapy is connected with several limitations and risk and therefore there is an increasing interest in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in this indication. This article summarizes currently available data regarding the use of DOAC in the treatment of LVT. Methodology: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to identify topic-relevant literature on patients presenting with LVT, its therapy and complications. The analysis was focused on thrombus resolution, rate of systemic embolism, stroke, mortality and bleeding complications. Results and Conclusions: Currently available data suggest that there are no significant differences in safety and efficacy between DOAC and VKA anticoagulation in the treatment of LVT. However, there is a limited number of prospective studies directly comparing DOAC and VKA therapy. Our summary suggests that DOAC seems to be at least as efficient and safe as VKA in terms of systemic embolism, left ventricular thrombus resolution and risk of hemorrhage. Nevertheless, further relevant data from randomized control trials are needed for final recommendation of the use of DOAC in real-world clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The glutathione (GSH) status and heavy metal tolerance were investigated in four Paxillus involutus strains isolated from different heavy-metal-polluted and non-polluted regions of Europe. The heavy metal burden in the habitats did not affect significantly either the heavy metal (Cr2O72−, Cd2, Hg2, Pb2, Zn2, Cu2) tolerance and accumulation or the GSH production of the strains tested. Exposures to heavy metals increased the intracellular GSH concentrations in 12 from 24 experimental arrangements (four strains exposed to six heavy metals) independently of the habitats of the strains. The importance of GSH in heavy metal tolerance (high MIC values, ability to accumulate heavy metals and to grow in the presence of heavy metals) was thus demonstrated in this ectomycorrhizal fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]