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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurial intentions in students. The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) was used to assess entrepreneurial intention, while the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) was employed to evaluate the fear of failure. The study involved 288 students from various regions in Indonesia, and accidental sampling was used as the sampling technique. The analysis, using the Spearman-Rho correlation test, revealed a negative correlation between fear of failure and entrepreneurial intention (p = 0.033 (p < 0.05)), indicating that higher levels of fear of failure were associated with lower entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the analysis showed that specific aspects of fear of failure, such as fear of shame and embarrassment (p = 0.016), fear of devaluing one's self-estimate (p = 0.002), and fear of having an uncertain future (p = 0.031) were significantly negatively correlated with entrepreneurial intentions. However, the fear of important others losing interest and the fear of upsetting important others showed no correlation with entrepreneurial intention. Additional analysis revealed no significant differences in entrepreneurial intention based on age and gender, but a significant difference was observed based on domicile. Fear of failure also did not show significant differences based on the age, gender, and domicile of the respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on previous observations, a series of steps using digital image processing methods is proposed for the automatic detection and counting of islands to avoid inaccuracies from satellite imagery by leveraging moiphological properties of object The need for accurate spatial data regarding the number of islands in Indonesia is crucial for various developmental purposes. Many small islands known to have beautiful landscapes re ma in unaccounted for due to the vast territorial waters of the country, posing challenges to manual evaluation of the numbers and distributions. Remote sensing methods offer a viable solution for efficiently counting and inventorying islands. Therefore, this study aimed to detect islands in Kepulauan Seribu, located north of DKI Jakarta, through the thre shol ding-b a se d segment at ionprocess and count the total number using morphological information. The methodology applied was Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA\including image gray-scaling, thresholding, morphological operations, connected comp one nt labeling, and region-based object counting. The results obtained showed 111 islands, compared to direct observation of image from which 104 were found, with detection accuracy of 93.27%. The discovery not only contributes valuable insights into the specific region but also serves as a basis for potentially applying digital image processing methods on a larger scale to recalculate the number of Indonesian islands. Such recalculations could play a crucial role in informing and guiding future developmental initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the strategy for the revitalization of the Asta Tinggi religious tourism area by utilizing the cultural identity and creative industries in Madura, Indonesia. More specifically, the revitalization strategy considers the active collaborative involvement of the stakeholders. This study used a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological method. The primary data were obtained through field observations and in-depth interviews. Secondary data were obtained through literature references, news media, scientific documentation, pictures, and photos. This study found that the best model for the revitalization strategy of the Asta Tinggi religious tourism area must involve the Sumenep Palace family, the Asta Tinggi management unit, the private sector, local communities, and local governments. The role of the Sumenep Palace family and the management of Asta Tinggi is very important because they have the rights and authority to manage Asta Tinggi. The revitalization of this religious tourism area should be pursued by prioritizing the cultural identity of Madurese and the potential of digital-based creative industries. With this revitalization strategy model, it is hoped that Asta Tinggi can be developed as a leading religious tourism destination in Madura, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation methods are highly versatile and find extensive applications in satellite communication. DoA methods are employed across a range of orbits, from low Earth orbits (LEO) to geostationary Earth orbits (GEO). They serve multiple applications, including altitude determination, geolocation and estimation accuracy, target localization, and relative and collaborative positioning. This paper provides a framework for modeling the DoA angle in satellite communications with respect to the elevation angle. The proposed approach employs a closed-form expression that incorporates various factors, such as the antenna boresight angle, satellite and Earth station positions, and the altitude parameters of the satellite stations. By leveraging this formulation, the work accurately calculates the Earth station's elevation angle and effectively models the DoA angle. To the authors' knowledge, this contribution is unique and has not been previously addressed in the available literature. Furthermore, this paper studies the impact of spatial correlation in the channel on well-known DoA estimation techniques. As a significant part of this contribution, the authors introduce a signal model incorporating correlation in satellite communication. Although selected studies have presented spatial signal correlation models in satellite communications to analyze the performance metrics, such as the bit error or symbol error probability, outage probability, and ergodic capacity, this work stands out by presenting and adapting a correlation model in the signal specifically for studying DoA estimations. Accordingly, this paper evaluates DoA estimation performance using root mean square error (RMSE) measurements for different satellite communication link conditions (uplink and downlink) through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation's performance is evaluated by comparing it with the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) performance metric under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) conditions, i.e., thermal noise. The simulation results demonstrate that incorporating a spatial signal correlation model for DoA estimations significantly improves RMSE performance in satellite systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind tunnel measurements have widely been used for validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations of natural ventilation airflows. However, the majority of such measurements employed simple generic single-zone buildings, while there is a lack of studies on realistic buildings including flow-critical geometrical features (e.g. internal partitions). To assess the effect of internal partitions at different incident flow angles (α = 0° and α = 30°), wind tunnel measurements of velocities in and around a cross-ventilated realistic residential building (with and without internal partition) were performed. Measurements were conducted at a geometric scale 1:40, using laser Doppler anemometry. Results indicate a large impact of the internal partition on indoor airflow distribution and resulting ventilation flow rates. For instance, for α = 0°, on the partitioned building side, regions of velocity increase (from ∼0 m/s to ∼80% of the outdoor reference velocity, U ref), but also regions of velocity decrease (from ∼50% of U ref to ∼0 m/s) were observed. The ventilation flow rate through the windows at the partitioned side decreased by 23% and 32%, respectively. For the partitioned building, a change from α = 0° to α = 30° resulted in regions of velocity increase from 0 m/s to ∼60% of U ref. [Display omitted] • Wind tunnel tests on naturally cross-ventilated realistic buildings at scale 1:40. • Velocity field in and around the unpartitioned and partitioned building models. • Effects of indoor partition & wind direction were assessed on ventilation flow rates. • Results provide a database for the validation study under isothermal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colon cancer or colorectal cancer is one of the major health problems in the world. Previous research has proven that red betel leaves extract has anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. The study aimed to look at the potential of compounds contained in red betel ethyl acetate fraction as anticancer substances for colon cancer by conducting in silico tests through the docking of three colon cancer biomarker receptors against eight red betel leaves compounds. The parameters of binding affinity energy and inhibition constant used in the molecular docking analysis showed that there are several compounds that have the potential as inhibitors against colon cancer marker proteins to inhibit the development of colorectal cancer and have high bioavalibility as oral drugs. Based on in silico test it is known that the compound N-1,N-9-Bis [E-(2-nitophenyl) methylene] non anedihydrazide has the highest inhibition of human leukotriene A4 hydrolase receptor with binding affinity energy of 11.3160 Kcal/mol. The next compound is 4-({4,6-Bis[3R,5S)-3,5-diamino-1-piperydinyl]-1,3,5-traizin-2-yl}amino) benzenosulfon amide which has the highest inhibition in Chek1 with binding affinity energy of 9.7110 Kcal/mol, and the compound 4-(4-methoxy-phenylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-4a, 9-diaza-cyclopenta (b) fluorine-10-carbonitrile has the highest inhibition in the Bcl 2 navitoclax analog receptor with binding affinity energy of 8.4470 Kcal/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with poor solubility and permeability. Formulation of active ingredients with poor solubility in water are developed using crystal modification technology. Therefore, this study aims to improve the physicochemical properties of cefixime using cocrystallization by comparing Dry Grinding (DG) and Liquid- Assisted Grinding (LAG) methods. Cocrystal of cefixime with nicotinamide was prepared in a 1:1 molar ratio and was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Properties such as solubility, dissolution rate, and permeation rate were evaluated. The solubility test results obtained: 0.420 ± 0.016 (cefixime); 0.675 ± 0.016 (cocrystal 1:1 LAG); and 0.632 ± 0.016 (cocrystal 1:1 DG). The dissolution test results obtained: 186.55 ± 4.18 (cefixime); 232.83 ± 4.07 (cocrystal 1:1 LAG); and 228.82 ± 10.07 (cocrystal 1:1 DG). The permeability test obtained: 153.58 ± 31.94 (cefixime); 306.22 ± 77.81 (cocrystal 1:1 LAG); and 211.44 ± 22.90 (cocrystal 1:1 DG). Cefixime can be formed into cocrystal with nicotinamide by DG and LAG methods according to the results of characterization using DSC, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Based on the increase in solubility, dissolution, and permeability of both methods, the LAG method showed better results than the DG in forming cocrystal cefixime with nicotinamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise in the form of physical activity can provide neuroprotective benefits. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the task balance training program (TBT program) on the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor levels, cognitive function, and postural balance in old people. The population of this study was the old people members of the Batara Hati Mulia Gowa Foundation who were willing to participate in the study (n = 66). The sample of this study was obtained through a random sampling technique to determine the treatment (n = 32) and control (n = 34) groups. Before and after implementing the TBT program, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) level measurement and cognitive function and postural balance assessment were performed. Cognitive function was measured by using Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Postural balance was measured in two ways by using the timed up and go (TUG) test and Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA). The treatment group showed significantly greater changes than the control group in GDNF levels (2.24 (±0.63) vs. 1.24 (±0.43), P = 0.001), cognitive function (24.66 (±3.42) vs. 19.18 (±2.67), P = 0.001), and postural balance (TUG [14.00 (±4.04) vs. 18.68 (±3.98)]; POMA [26.53 (±1.74) vs. 23.47 (±3.06)], P = 0.001) after training. The treatment group also showed a significant relationship between GDNF levels and cognitive function (r = 0.840 , P = 0.001) and postural balance (TUG [ r = 0.814 , P = 0.001 ]; POMA [ r = 0.630 , P = 0.001 ]). The TBT program affects the levels of GDNF in old people. The TBT program involves cognitive function improvement and affects postural balance changes in old people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gelatin-free capsules are possibly produced through an innovation which involves utilizing environmentally friendly materials derived from plants such as bagasse which are produced into nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). This research was conducted to report the extraction and characterization of NCC from the abundant industrial plantation waste of sugarcane and its application as the base material for gelatin-free capsule shell material. The process involved using different concentrations of NCC at 1%, 2%, 4%, and 7% (in wt. %) with the addition of 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (in wt. %) and 1% carbopol (in wt. %). Moreover, the NCC capsules obtained from sugarcane bagasse were tested for moisture content, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, and pH. The results showed that sugarcane bagasse contains 40–50% cellulose, 6.15%–9.5% moisture content which indicates they are potentially better in terms of storage, 7.25–7.85 pH, and 0.05–0.136 MPa gel strength, and the elongation value ranges from 7.19 to 87.51%. These values were discovered to have satisfied the standard requirements as indicated by the optimal concentration of 4% NCC +1% HPMC, which is in line with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), thereby leading to the consideration of the material safe to be used as raw material in making capsule shells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second section, the book provides a discussion of cichlid sensory capabilities, behaviour and the interaction between senses and behaviour. Cichlids are a highly diverse, scientifically and socioeconomically important group of freshwater fish. Contributors to the third section of the book discuss various aspects of cichlid evolution including modularity, as factors contributing to cichlid diversification. [Extracted from the article]

The photocatalytic activity of the methylene blue in metal oxide anatase-rutile mixed phase TiO 2 nanoparticles doped with iron after annealing at various temperature has been investigated. The ratio Fe/Ti (wt 3 %) was prepared using the conventional co-precipitation technique with annealing treatment. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed anatase (∼25 %) and rutile (∼75 %) phase structures, and the crystallite size increased with increasing temperature. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmittance band at 517 cm−1 for TiO 2 stretching vibration mode was examined using Kramer-Kronig relation for determining the optical characteristic such as the refractive index (n), the extinction coefficient (k), the dielectric function, and the energy loss function. Further analysis of the optical properties of Fe-doped TiO 2 NPs shows the Δ (L O − T O) is shrinker after annealing above 200oC that indicated more stable bonding. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs show agglomerations formed into clusters like as edelweiss flowers and roses on the surface. UV–Vis measurement reveals that the optical energy gap decreased from 3.05 eV annealed at 200oC to 2.88 eV annealed at 500oC. The UV–Vis absorbance with varying the time from 30 to 120 min to MB as a pollutant is reduced as time irradiation increases with photocatalytic rates for annealing at 500oC is 0.0071/min. The predominant anatase phase alignment, stable bonding, and unique surface make iron doped TiO 2 NPs a promising catalyst. [Display omitted] • Morphological analysis shows clusters like as edelweiss flowers and roses on the surface. • Optical energy gap decreased from 3.05 eV to 2.88 eV annealed at 500oC. • The predominant anatase phase alignment, stable bonding, and unique surface. • High photocatalytic rates of Iron-Doped TiO 2 NPs is 0.0071/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is to conduct a detailed analysis of the literature on the use of myofunctional oral therapy tools for the treatment of Class II skeletal malocclusions. From March to May 2020, a comprehensive and systematic search was performed on the Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases for works published since January 2010, using the following terms in the search: oral myofunctional tools; Class II skeletal malocclusions in children; treatment of class II bone malocclusion in children. Additional manual searches from other sources are also carried out. Only scientific articles in English are considered for this review. An electronic and manual search resulted in the identification of 61 articles. Based on the inclusion criteria, a full text copy of 30 articles was selected for analysis. Specific analysis was then made of 16 articles describing the effects produced using tools to treat Class II skeletal malocclusion and masticatory muscle dysfunction. Literature findings indicate that the myofunctional oral therapy allows the treatment of several problems associated with the development of class II malocclusions. Although therapy induces mainly dentoalveolar changes that result in significant overjet reduction, this therapy also shows a positive effect on masticatory and perioral muscles. This method has been proven effective in obtaining significant corrections for class II skeletal malocclusions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosensor based on color changes to environmental changes is developing very rapidly nowadays. The aim of this study was to prepare responsive-hydrogel incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cysteine. Gold nanoparticles were self-assembled with poly(acrylic acid) and cysteine, which were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, zeta potential was measured by particle size analyzer (PSA), and characteristic of particles was portrayed using TEM. The results showed that the size of the nanoparticles produced is 13.27±2.43 nm. It was proven that the change in color of the nano-produced particles was resulted from swelling and shrinking of the sensitive-hydrogel that changed the distance of the AuNPs triggered by different pH. This nanosensor was successfully embedded into a hydrogel and showed a unique swelling/deswelling properties as a response to pH changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Twenty percent of all classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) cases relapse and recur, especially in advanced stages with a high International Prognostic Score (IPS). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a regulatory molecule that can inhibit the immune response and is related to tumor aggressiveness. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CTLA-4 expression in advanced-stage CHL and IPS, identifying it as a potential therapy target. Results: In advanced-stage CHL, the group with a high IPS exhibited significantly higher mean CTLA-4 expression compared to the group with a low IPS (p = 0.003).The group with Hb level < 10.5 g/dl, leukocyte count > 15,000/µL, lymphocyte count < 8%, albumin level < 4 g/dl, and stage 4 exhibited higher CTLA-4 expression than the other group, although only leukocyte count and stage showed statistical significance (p = 0.004 and p = 0.020). Mean CTLA-4 expression was 239.84 ± 76.36 for nodular sclerosis, 293.95 ± 147.94 for mixed cellularity, 271.4 ± 23.56 for lymphocyte depleted, and 225.2 for lymphocyte-rich subtypes. The results suggest that CTLA-4 expression is associated with adverse prognostic factors in the IPS for advanced-stage CHL, supporting the notion that immune checkpoints play a role in cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia as an archipelagic state with given abundant natural resources need a sustainable development in many aspects to strengthen its position in international community. Current Government vision in archipelago thinking aims at the development of maritime sector including maritime tourism and connectivity to get better equality regional development. Each region has its special potential assets and needs good concept of development design based on the regional development agenda. Smart, Merchant, and Festive are the types of conceptual design development for passenger terminal, while booster marina and enhancer marina has its role to make the development of maritime tourism locally connected internationally recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Causative chain (CC) is a failure chain that cause accident as an outcome product of the second step of MOP model, namely line relation analysis (LRA). This CC is a connection of several causative factors (CF), an outcome product of first step of MOP model, namely corner analysis (CA). MOP Model is an abbreviation from 4M Overturned Pyramid, created by authors by combining 2 accident analysis models. There are two steps in this model, namely CA and LRA. Utilizing this model can know what is CF that happen dominantly to the accidents and what is a danger CC that characterize accidents in a certain place and certain period. By knowing the characteristics, the preventive action can be decided to decrease the number of accident in the next period. The aim of this paper is providing the development of MOP Model that has been upgraded and understanding the characteristics of each type accident. The data that is analyzed in this paper is Japanese accidents from 2008 until 2013, which is available on Japan Transportation Safety Board (JTSB)'s website. The analysis shows that every type of accidents has a unique characteristic, shown by their CFs and CCs. However, Man Factor is still playing role to the system dominantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are one of the important factors in the assessment of accidents, particularly marine accidents. Hence, studies are conducted to assess the contribution of human factors in accidents. There are two generations of Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) that have been developed. Those methodologies are classified by the differences of viewpoints of problem-solving, as the first generation and second generation. The accident analysis can be determined using three techniques of analysis; sequential techniques, epidemiological techniques and systemic techniques, where the marine accidents are included in the epidemiological technique. This study compares the Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) methodology and the 4M Overturned Pyramid (MOP) model, which are applied to assess marine accidents. Furthermore, the MOP model can effectively describe the relationships of other factors which affect the accidents; whereas, the HEART methodology is only focused on human factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to prove the differential effect of administering the mangosteen Rind extract due to lowering the blood sugar levels of Winstar white male rats induced by streptozotosin (STZ). This study used a randomized design of the ramdomized posttest only control group design. The sample consisted of 4 groups with a sample size of 7 animals each group of rats. All samples were prepared STZ induction of diabetes with a single dose of 50 mg/Kg BW through intraperitoneal (IP). K0 (control group; given 1% CMC 1 cc/day), K1 (treatment group 1; given 0,054 mg glimepiride/200 grBW, K2 (treatment group 2; given mangosteen Rind extract 50 mg/Kg BW), K3 (treatment group 3; given the mangosteen Rind extract 100 mg/Kg BW). Timing of therapy in each group was for 7 days. Shapiro-Wilk normality test (α=0.05) in the BW Δ variable data, pre-post STZ GDP and Δ GDP. Testing homogeneity used Levene's test. When data distribution was normal and homogenous, it used an ANOVA deferential test. When data distribution was normal and inhomogeneous, it proceed to apply T-test with 2 free samples. The results: 1) There were significant differences between K0 Δ GDP with K1 (p=0.015), K0 to K2 (p=0.003) and group K0 to K3 (p=0.002), 2) Whereas no difference was shown in the K1 with K2 (p=0.442), K1 to K3 (p=0,401) and K2 to K3 (p=0.878). Conclusion: The administration of mangosteen Rind extract doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg bw/day did not differ in lowering blood sugar levels compared with glimepiride administration of a dose of 0.054 mg/200 grBW rat/day. Mangosteen Rind extract dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day and 50 mg/kg bw/day did not provide a significant difference in lowering blood sugar levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4M Overturned Pyramid (MOP) model is a new model, proposed by authors, to characterized MTS which is adopting epidemiological model that determines causes of accidents, including not only active failures but also latent failures and barriers. This model is still being developed. One of utilization of MOP model is characterizing accidents in MTS, i.e. collision in Indonesia and Japan that is written in this paper. The aim of this paper is to show the characteristics of ship collision accidents that occur both in Indonesian and Japanese maritime traffic systems. There were 22 collision cases in 2008-2012 (8 cases in Indonesia and 14 cases in Japan). The characteristics presented in this paper show failure events at every stage of the three accident development stages (the beginning of an accident, the accident itself, and the evacuation process). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acne problems cause teenagers to treat them by using anti-acne products. Nowadays, there are online markets that make it easier for people to obtain anti-acne products. Unfortunately, the majority of teenagers choose anti-acne products simply based on reviews and contents on social media, which is less than ideal as there is risk of exposure to counterfeits and and there is no guarantee of product authenticity. BPOM provides Cek KLIK BPOM as a tool to verify the originality of the product to combat counterfeiting. The purpose of this study was to identify teenagers’ awareness of counterfeit antiacne products using Cek KLIK BPOM. The study was a survey using a questionnaire with a cross-sectional study approach. The sampling method used in this study was accidental sampling. Collected data was analyzed descriptively. The survey's findings revealed that out of 140 teenagers, 121 exhibited great awareness (86.43%). Respondents were able to identify a good package, concise label, and expired date. However, they could not identify the correct ID Number. Majority of respondents have already recognized the term Cek KLIK BPOM (61,4%). However, most of the respondents have never visited the ‘Cek BPOM’ website (77,9%) despite knowing its benefits (59,3%). Therefore, there should be a socialization to society regarding Cek BPOM website and application as an important source of information to ensure health product and cosmetics correctness and authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriatic lesions on the scalp, face, intertriginous, genitals, palms/soles, and nails are often delay diagnosed, hard-to-treat, and cause disability. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most frequent and significant comorbidities in psoriasis. Many studies have discovered a link between psoriasis and MetS, but none have specifically assessed the hard-to-treat psoriasis in Indonesian population. This is a multicenter study involving four dermatology referral hospitals to investigate the association between psoriasis severity that has hard-to-treat lesions with the prevalence of MetS in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected from April to October 2022. The severity of 84 hard-to-treat psoriasis patients was measured by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The participants divided into PASI score >10 (severe) and ≤ 10 (mild-moderate) groups. MetS was identified based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. MetS was found in 64.3% of patients. Patients with a PASI score>10 had a significantly higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared to those with a score ≤ 10 (78.6% vs 50%, OR 3.667; 95% CI 1.413–9.514; p = 0.006). The prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.028), low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.01), mean fasting blood sugar (p = 0.018), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.044) between the two groups differed significantly. This study found most frequent components of MetS were abdominal obesity, decreased levels of HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. Individuals with severe hard-to-treat psoriasis had a 3.67 times more likely to have MetS rather than the mild-moderate group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucosamine (GlcN) has great application in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomaterial areas; it is typically produced by hydrolysis in the exoskeletons of marine animals, one of the types of mud crab (Scylla serrata Forskal). Mud crab shells contain chitin and chitosan compounds which can be further derivatives for the production of GlcN HCl. The purpose of this study is to isolate and determine the level of GlcN HCl by hydrolysis of chitin and chitosan from mud crab shell. GlcN HCl was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, and its quantity was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Both methods used GlcN HCl as a standard for comparison and calculation of match factor (MF). The results of this study showed that the samples contain GlcN HCl either chitin or chitosan. FT-IR spectrum of chitin sample appears at wave number 1033 cm-1, 1532 cm-1, 3415 cm-1 whereas for chitosan at 1033 cm-1, 1532 cm-1, 3356 cm-1. Both sample spectrums showed vibration corresponding to ether (-O-), ethyl (CH2) and amine group (NH). The MF value of sample chitin and chitosan is 933 and 974, respectively; it shows that the resulting spectra are identical with the standard. The GlcN HCl level of sample chitin and chitosan was 553 and 993 mg/g, respectively. It can be concluded that the waste of mud crab shell has high potential as a natural source of GlcN HCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious or spiritual well-being has a significant influence on family resilience, particularly in the spiritual aspect when dealing with changes or crises. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant change and crisis that can potentially impact religiosity and affect family resilience in spirituality. This study aimed to analyze the impact of religious well-being on family resilience in terms of family spirituality during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a descriptive study, utilizing a cross-sectional survey approach. A total of 243 respondents were recruited for this research using accidental sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires. Data analysis involved binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression, with a 95% degree of freedom and a standard error of 0.05. The main finding of this study indicates that religious well-being (p=0.000) significantly influences family resilience in family spirituality. Families with sufficient religious well-being are four times more likely to exhibit resilience in family spirituality compared to families with inadequate religious well-being (OR: 3.807; 95% CI: 2.230-6.498). The family resilience in family spirituality is strongly influenced by the factor of religious well-being. Strengthening the community with a religious approach is essential to bolster the family's ability to cope with the challenges posed by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emotional responses in the form of anxiety and a child's behavior towards dental care are serious problems for general dentists and pediatric dentists. Anxious, fearful or uncooperative behavior of the child can hinder the provision of efficient dental care and interfere with the quality of care provided. If not adequately addressed, persistent negative response patterns may appear and become a barrier to regular dental care. Thus this systematic review reviewed some literature on the pattern of handling anxiety in child patients in dentistry. Methods: In this systematic review, article searches are conducted in Google Search, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library. The study was published from 2013 to 2020. 86 articles rated, including 86 articles from electronic databases, 0 from manual searches. 65 records filtered, 20 records excluded, 45 full-text articles rated for eligibility and 17 full-text articles included. Result: There are 17 articles on patterns of anxiety management in pediatric patients in dentistry. Broadly speaking, it consists of non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Handling anxiety behavior in pediatric patients with a non-pharmacological approach includes communication, modeling, tell show do, ask-tell-ask, distraction, desensitation, voice control, reinforcement, hypnosis, sensory-adapted dental environments (SADE), and Animal- assisted therapy (AAT). Meanwhile, when non-pharmacological approaches are not successful, pharmacological approaches can be applied in the form of sedation, general anesthesia, and nitrous oxide / oxygen inhalation. Or using a combination of the two to relieve anxiety in pediatric patients during dental treatment can be an option. Conclusion: Anxiety management can be a non-pharmacological approach and a pharmacological approach or a combination of the two. This pattern of treatment can be used to overcome children's anxiety towards dental care so that this systematic review can be used as a reference in the treatment of anxiety in children patients in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nutritional problems that may arise due to the low quality of food consumed is called stunting on children. Stunting describes the inadequacy of body heigh according to its age due to malnutrition or chronic malnutrition. Stunting is often not known in the society where the treatment of such issue is very general thus considered as normal. Stunting also affects oral health of children. Objective: To review the relationship of dental and oral condition with the incidence of stunting on children. Methods: Scientific evidence and clinical cases are drawn from the literature to support this review and gather scientific information about the relationship of teeth to the incidence of stunting in children. Results: There are several relationships of dental or oral conditions in children with the incidence of stunting experienced. Some of them are related to the incidence of dental caries in children, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and have an influence on the flow rate of saliva in children. Conclusion: The incidence of stunting in children is a condition that describes the lack of nutritional status that has a chronic nature during the growth and development of children since the beginning of life. Scientific studies from several literatures prove that there are some relationships between the incidence of stunting in children with the state of oral health of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The jaw joint or the Temporo Mandibular Joint (TMJ) is the most complex joint, this joint opens and closes like a hinge and shifts forward, back and from side to side. The jaw joint has a very important role in the function of mastication, swallowing and speech. During the chewing process, this joint supports a large amount of pressure from the jaw joint muscles. One way to detect temporomandibular muscle abnormalities is to determine the strength of contractions in the muscles involved when performing masticatory functions. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an innovative androidbased portable tool for early detection of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Masseter and Temporalis muscles based on Android as a early detection with a short time analysis thereby reducing the severity of the child's jaw joint disorders. Methods: In mastication muscle, thirty 7.2 ± 1.3 years old pediatric patients were 30 people, assessed using a dentosmart EMG detection device and the results compared muscle strength in pediatric patients with class I malocclusions with mesioocclusion and distoocclusion malocclusions. Results: In the application, the diagnosis will be displayed in 2 conditions, namely "Normal" or "Temporomandibular disorders". For class I malocclusion is a normal condition, but for class II (mesioocclusion) and III (distoocclusion) malocclusion is a condition called abnormal "Temporomandibular disorders". Conclusion: Early detection of jaw joint muscle disorders based on an android smartphone. Jaw joint disorders are identified based on electrical activity in the masseter and temporalis muscles and process the data obtained as a result of a temporary diagnosis to see the strength of normal or abnormal muscle contractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a directly infectious disease caused by Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). In Indonesia, Pulmonary Tuberculosis has been a significant public health problem with the number of sufferers, around 10% of the total number of people. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 that 10 million people fall ill with TB, and Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the community about pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area. Method: This study used an observational cross-sectional research design to find out the description of people's knowledge and attitudes about Tuberculosis and conducted in the working area of Salotungo Health Center, Malaka Health Center, and Panincong Health Center, Soppeng District, South Sulawesi. Primary data was obtained through 110 respondents by filling out questionnaires and giving responses by answering questions about knowledge and attitudes about efforts to prevent transmission of pulmonary TB disease. Result: Among all the respondents, it can be seen based on sociodemographic characteristics. Out of 110 respondents, most of them are female as many as 67 respondents, while men are 43 respondents. An overview of the features of respondents from this study also shows where they got information about pulmonary TB. Respondents consider the environment to be wrong, and the factor of malnutrition is not something that can aggravate the patient's condition. It showedthat the respondent's correct answers, below 50%, respectively. Conclusion: Useful knowledge is expected to prevent and cope with pulmonary TB disease. The higher the education then it will contribute to shaping good attitudes and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common caries in children. One reason is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Choosing the right diet can suppress the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer from white shrimp waste as an antibacterial and can be combined with food or drinks including chewable lozenges. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of chewable lozenges from white shrimp waste (Litopenaeus vannamei) in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria in ECC cases. Research Methods: This type of research uses field and laboratory experimental research designs with pretest-posttest control group design. A sample of 30 children consisted of 3 groups, namely 10 children chewing xylitol candy, 10 children chewing chewable lozenges chitosan 2.5%, and 10 children chewing chewable lozenges chitosan 5%. Then, bacterial samples isolated from caries teeth before and after chewing chewable lozenges. Then, counted the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies using the colony counter method with the CFU unit. Data processing and analysis using SPSS version 25.0 for windows. Results: The paired t-test results showed a significant decrease in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies before and after chewable lozenges chitosan 2.5%. The average difference between groups before and after treatment of chewable lozenges was -17.9 CFU with a standard deviation of 20.306. The paired t-test results showed a significant decrease in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies before and after chewable lozenges chitosan 5%. The average difference between groups before and after treatment of chewable lozenges was -15.4 CFU with a standard deviation of 9.24. Data test results obtained p = 0.021 (p <0.05). This shows a significant decrease in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies in cases of early childhood caries. Conclusion: Chewable lozenges chitosan 2.5% effective in reducing the number of Streptococcus mutans bacterial colonies in cases of early childhood caries in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chitosan.is obtained.from deacetylation of chitin bases, and.acetamide.groups are converted into primary amino groups during deacetylation. Chitosan is a biopolymer that has great use in various dental studies. It has been found that chitosan is effective as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, for example toothpaste, mouthwash. and root canal irrigation from chitosan. So this systematic review reviews some of the literature on the potential of chitosan as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity. Methods: In this systematic review, the articles search was performed on Google Search and Pubmed. Studies published from 2011 to 2020. 155 were articles assessed, including 155 articles from the databases electronic, 0 from the manual search. 96 records screened, 61 records excluded, 35 full-text articles assessed for eligibility and 17 full text articles included. Result: There are 12 articles about antibacterial of chitosan and 5 articles about anti-inflammatory chitosan. Conclusion: Based on 17 articles show that chitosan is very potential as a herbal plant that can be antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]