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Objective: Colon is the region where most of the polyps are being observed in the gastrointestinal system. Colorectal cancers are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in our country and all over the world. Since these polyps originating from the submucosa and mucosal epithelium may be precancerous lesions, follow-up and treatment are also important. In our study, we evaluated the type, size, and number of colon polyps detected in our province and examined their histopathological precancerous status. Methods: In our study, 698 colon polyp cases detected during 3654 colonoscopy examinations performed in the two large hospitals of our city in between 2013 and 2019, and underwent polypectomy or biopsy with the help of snare or forceps, were evaluated. The demographic characteristics of the patients, location of the polyps, number of polyps, sizes of the largest excised polyps, and pathological diagnoses have been evaluated. Results: In our study, a total of 698 patients diagnosed with colon polyps were included in the study. A total of 1606 polyps were detected in 698 patients. The mean number of polyps per procedure was 2.3. In our study, the distribution of polyps according to their sizes was 527 (75.5%) diminutive polyps, 70 (10%) small polyps, and 101 (14.4%) large polyps. Polyps were observed most frequently from distal to proximal as 278 (39.8%) in the rectum and 175 (25.1%) in the sigmoid colon. The least polyp localization was seen in the cecum as 22 (3.2%). In the histopathological examination of polyps, tubular adenoma 47% and hyperplastic polyp were found most frequently. While no dysplasia was observed in 386 (55%) patients, 239 (34%) patients had low-grade dysplasia, 6 (0.9%) patients had moderate dysplasia, and 67 (9.6%) patients had high-grade dysplasia. Conclusion: The fact that colon cancers are among the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal system increases the importance of colonoscopy evaluation since colon polyps are found frequently in the colon, the incidence increases by age, and they can be seen as precancerous lesions. Timely endoscopic evaluations and removal of detected polyps gain importance in terms of reducing the risk of cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Results from single medical centers having large numbers of patients with multiple colonic polyps that have undergone colonoscopy management are rare. Material and method. The present study is based on 2,000 cases enrolled during 2009 and 2017, including patients that underwent colonoscopy for various reasons in the Department for Upper and Lower Endoscopy of Witting Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. Results. Of the 2,000 patients examined during 2009 - 2017, 594 tumor formations were detected; 148 (24.9%) patients had colorectal malignancies, and 446 (75%) polypoid formations in 313 patients who had one or more colon polyps were found. Discussions. After performing statistical analyses on several general parameters (such as age, sex, overall clinical outcome of the patient) and polyp-related characteristics (such as: dimensions, location, histological type), we developed a stepwise algorithm for clinical management (with endoscopic polypectomy) of patients with multiple polyposis, with the goal of reducing unnecessary colorectal surgeries. Conclusions. We believe that this type of stepwise algorithm-based approach in the clinical management of patients with multiple polyposis can lead to a substantial decrease in unnecessary colectomies (no matter the approach, via laparotomy or laparoscopic procedures), with the accompanying benefit of avoiding the complications and negative long-life impact that they impose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Polyps are considered as obligate precancerous disease. Different authors consider that percent of malignization ranges from 20% in single polyps to 95% in diffuse polyposis. Current research examines the results of the early diagnosis of colon cancer by using the biomarker CDKN2A for development of molecular-biological methods of prognostication. Methods Investigations were carried out in 30 patients during the period 2017-2019, the study included patients with single polyps, multiple polyps, polyposis of the colon, as well as patients without a history of neither familial nor sporadic cancer. 21 patients had polyposis, in 9 single colon polyps. The men were 19 women 11. The average age of patients was 52,4 ± 3,8 years. The levels of methylation of the gene CDKN2A were determined 18 patients. The material for the isolation of DNA was a serum obtained from venous blood and and biopsy material in amount of 50 mg. DNA extraction was held according to standards. After the conversion of DNA methyl-specific PCR was held. Results Among 30 patients with polyps and polyposis of the colon serum gene CDKN2A methylated DNA was detected in 18 patients. In 4 patients malignization of the polyp was determined. The volume of surgical intervention in patients with malignization was the same as cancer. It patients without malignization surgical intervention was limited with resection of the intestine without lymph dessection. In 8 patients the test result was negative. We did not perform surgical intervention to these patients they were sent to dynamic observation. Thus, the diagnostic efficacy in detection colorectal cancer in early diagnosis of by means of methylated DNA of the gene CDKN2A was - 60.1%. Conclusions If there is a positive test for methylation of the CDKN2A-gene, the risk of colorectal cancer is considered very high and these patients underwent surgical treatment. Application of molecular biological marker CDKN2A may be an effective method in early diagnosis of malignization of polyps. This method of diagnosis requires a more in-depth study, based on a study of a larger number of observations. Further investigations of the CDKN2a gene in ulcerative colitis, Krohn's disease, Lynch syndrome, Jeghers syndrome might be continued. Legal entity responsible for the study NCC of Uzbekistan. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by the association of gastrointestinal polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation and cancer predisposition McGarrity, Amos, Baker (Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome, GeneReviews(R), National Center of Biotechnology Information.). Intussusception and malignant polyps are not rare complications of PJS, where the lifetime risk of intussusception is 48% and the possibility of developing any cancer by age 65 years is 37% Kopacova, Tacheci, Rejchrt, Bures (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic approach. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15 :5397–408.). Very few cases of malignant polyps causing intussusception associated with synchronous malignant polyp in PJS have been reported to date Cai, Tian, Zhou, He, Hu, Deng (Jejunal intussusception and polyps with different types of malignant transformation in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: report of a case. Oncol Lett 2013; 5 :239–41.). We describe a case of a patient with PJS presenting with symptomatic jejunal intussusception and an incidentally found malignant hamartoma in the sigmoid colon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]