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Using a family of ordered cones, we define a suitable order to investigate projective limit topologies for cones. Under the strict separation property, the projective limit cone topology is proved to be equivalent to some of the X-topologies embedded on a subcone of the product cone in its topology. Also, we discuss the cones of convex subsets in projective limits; in particular, we show that a cone of convex subsets of the projective limit cone in its topology carries the projective limit of the cones of convex subsets in its components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enteropathogenic escherichia coli (EPEC) is the most important diarrheagenic agent among children in developing countries. However, recent studies have shown its prevalence in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and multi-drug resistant (MDR) of EPEC isolated from children under 5 years of age with diarrhea hospitalized in Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital during 2009-10. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 313 fecal specimens were collected using rectal swab method from all children under 5 years of age with diarrhea hospitalized in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital during 2009-10. Specimens were examined by PCR test to determine the eae Gene for detection of EPEC pathotype. The isolated multi-drug resistance pattern of EPEC was evaluated by disk diffusion agar. The antimicrobial disks used were ampicillin, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, ceftazidime, streptomycin and imipenem. Results: Of all 178 E. coli cases 51 (28.6%) EPEC pathotypes were isolated. The prevalence of EPEC was higher in children under 1 year of age. MDR rate in EPEC was 70.6%. Conclusion: The exact application of antibiogram test is necessary before antibiotic prescription for complete treatment and prevention of diarrhea caused by multi-drug resistance agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium yellow disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), caused by the vascular wilt pathogenFusarium oxysporum, is a major production constraint in chickpea-growing regions of Iran. Fifteen isolates ofF. oxysporumwere classified on the basis of vegetative compatibility (the ability to form heterokaryons). Vegetative compatibility was assessed by pairingnitmutants. The isolates were assigned to three vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs): VCG1, VCG2, and VCG3 with 5, 3, and 7 members, respectively. These isolates were also characterized by virulence assay. On the basis of disease severity on chickpea seedlings, they were divided into three groups: highly virulent (HV), moderately virulent (MV) and weakly virulent (WV). Twelve arbitrary decamer primers were tested on the fungal isolates by polymerase chain reaction. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis indicated considerable genetic variation among these isolates. Comparison of the results of VCG tests and the virulence assay indicated that all seven HV isolates belong to a single vegetative compatibility group (VCG3), and all three WV isolates are placed in VCG1. There was no relationship between RAPD groups and the other two characteristics of IranianF. oxysporumisolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the WHO experts more than 150 million of the world populations are suffering of nervous, psychological and social disorders. Expansion of urban society and consequently to the intensive human life in the urban framework and increased social communications, elimination of place and nature of the life in the city, the prime mover of diverse pressures on psyche of the human. New research shows that physical exercises have increased the ability of the brain and also assist peoples in the treatment of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. In fact have been advised to psychiatrists change their clinical methods and drug cures and set participate in physical activities in the programme's treatment their patients. In this research have been assessed mental health and four scales including, Somatic symptoms, Anxiety and Sleep disorder, Depression symptoms and Social Function by GHQ questionnaire. Data have been analysed by t test with α=0.05. In this study participated 200 students (M, F). Group 1: 100 of students (mean age 24.51, _±5.03 SD) participate in the University Sport Programs and group 2: 100 students (mean age 22.91, ±2.80 SD) don't participate in any sport activities. Considering the data showed significantly different between two groups in mental health, Somatic symptoms, Anxiety and Sleep Disorder and Social Function (p>0.005). But in Depression symptoms didn't t showed significantly different between two groups (p<0.05). These results showed participation in sports activities have significant effects on mental health. In the other hand evolution the score of students participating in sports programmes than the students no participating was showed they (G1) have a better condition in mental health and other variables. Participating in sports activities regularly have caused physiological adaptations such as respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and hormonal adaptations so will promote individual capabilities in physical and mental level and enhance the tolerant of the people versus oppressions of the environment and this point prevented of mental disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, we selected two known pathogen-inducible cis-acting elements, F and E17, to construct synthetic pathogen-inducible promoters for analysis in transformed canola ( Brassica napus L.). The synthetic promoter approach was used, which involved the insertion of dimers and combining two cis-acting elements (E17 and F) upstream of the minimal CaMV 35S promoter. Canola plants were transformed by three constructs, pGEE, pGFF, pGFFEE containing synthetic promoters (SP), SP-EE, SP-FF and SP-FFEE, respectively. Analyses of histochemical and fluorometric GUS expression indicated that synthetic promoters responded to fungal elicitors and phytohormone treatments. The SP-FF promoter showed high responses against methyl jasmonate and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, while SP-EE demonstrated inducibility only in response to salicylic acid and Rhizoctonia solani. The SP-EE promoter similar to SP-FFEE, did not respond to S. sclerotiorum and methyl jasmonate. However, SP-FFEE was highly induced by R. solani elicitors and showed that the level of GUS expression was greater than that by either of E17 or F elements alone. These three synthetic promoters did not activate the expression of the reporter gene in response to cold, heat, UV and wounding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem rot of canola (Brassica napus ) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most serious of plant diseases. From 30 Trichoderma isolates, three different species T. harzianum-8, T. atroviride PTCC5220 and T. longibrachiatum PTCC5140, were selected on the basis of their high level of chitinase and/or glucanase activity, along with their rapid growth rate in vitro. These showed high growth inhibition of two phytopathogenic isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S1 and S2), with T. atroviride the greatest effect, reducing growth by 85-93%. They showed coil formation and penetration structures against the hyphae of the pathogenic isolates. T. atroviride PTCC5220 can be used for assessment of field biocontrol against S. sclerotiorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rs3129882, a noncoding variant in HLA- DR, was found to be associated with Parkinson's disease ( PD) using several genome-wide association studies. The aim of this replication study was to explore the relationship between this variant and PD in Iranian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, and the rs3129882 SNP was genotyped using a PCR- RFLP method in 520 PD patients and 520 healthy Iranian controls. Significant differences were found in allele frequencies between patients and controls ( χ2 = 4.64, P = 0.031). Under additive and dominant models, the association of the SNP with PD risk is significant, where the A allele was observed to be protective. The results suggest that rs3129882 polymorphism may be a risk factor for PD in Iranian. This is the first study reporting such an association in this population. More replication studies are needed to confirm this data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Recent studies have described the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of cannabinoids. One of the synthetic components that activate cannabinoid receptors is HU-210. This study aimed to examine the effect of HU-210 on cytokines profile and the clinical signs of the disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male C57BL/6 mice were immunized with 250 μg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55). Different doses of HU-210 (3¸10¸30 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered for 17 days (every other day) in the 3 groups of mice, respectively. The clinical status of mice during the study was evaluated using the clinical score tests. The animals were sacrificed at the 17th day of treatment and then the serum TNF, IL-12 and IL-4 levels were measured using the ELISA method.Results: Results showed that the HU-210-treated mice, especially with a dose of 30 mg/kg, had significantly less clinical score of EAE than the non-treated EAE-induced mice. The administration of HU-210 (30 mg/kg) in the EAE-induced mice significantly decreased the serum TNF and IL-12 levels. Moreover, the serum IL-4 level was increased significantly in the mice treated with three doses of HU-210 (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) compared to those treated with phosphate. Conclusion: HU-210, which triggers the stages of an immunological cascade, has a beneficial effect in the EAE. This drug can be used for the acute phase of MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]