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A plethora of biological, physical, and chemical phenomena involve transport of charged particles (ions). Its continuum-scale description relies on the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) system, which encapsulates the conservation of mass and charge. The numerical solution of these coupled partial differential equations is challenging and suffers from both the curse of dimensionality and difficulty in efficiently parallelizing. We present a novel particle-based framework to solve the full PNP system by simulating a drift–diffusion process with time- and space-varying drift. We leverage Green's functions, kernel-independent fast multipole methods, and kernel density estimation to solve the PNP system in a meshless manner, capable of handling discontinuous initial states. The method is embarrassingly parallel, and the computational cost scales linearly with the number of particles and dimension. We use a series of numerical experiments to demonstrate both the method's convergence with respect to the number of particles and computational cost vis-à-vis a traditional partial differential equation solver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological tools, like electroencephalography and functional near‐infrared spectroscopy, have deepened our understanding of cortical regions involved in balance control. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to identify the prevalent cortical areas activated during balance tasks with specific motor or cognitive demands. Our search strategy encompassed terms related to balance control and cortical activity, yielding 2250 results across five databases. After screening, 67 relevant articles were included in the review. Results indicated that manipulations of visual and/or somatosensory information led to prevalent activity in the parietal, frontal and temporal regions; manipulations of the support base led to prevalent activity of the parietal and frontal regions; both balance‐cognitive dual‐tasking and reactive responses to extrinsic perturbations led to prevalent activity in the frontal and central regions. These findings deepen our comprehension of the cortical regions activated to manage the complex demands of maintaining body balance in the performance of tasks posing specific requirements. By understanding these cortical activation patterns, researchers and clinicians can develop targeted interventions for balance‐related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common pediatric infection that remains a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low-income regions. Thus, the objective of this study was to detect human adenovirus (HAdV) and non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) in fecal samples from the Gastroenteritis Surveillance Network, and to identify circulating strains by nucleotide sequencing. A total of 801 fecal samples were tested using qPCR/RT-qPCR, and 657 (82.0%) were inoculated into HEp-2C and RD cell lines. The HAdV and NPEV positivity rates obtained using qPCR/RT-qPCR were 31.7% (254/801) and 10.5% (84/801), respectively, with 5.4% (43/801) co-detection. Cytopathic effect was observed in 9.6% (63/657) of patients, 2.7% (18/657) associated with HAdV, and 6.2% (41/657) associated with NPEV after testing by ICC-PCR. A comparison of the two methodologies demonstrated an agreement of 93.5% for EVNP and 64.4% for HAdV. These two viruses were detected throughout the study period, with HAdV positivity rates ranging from 41% in Amapá to 18% in Pará. The NEPV varied from 18% in Pará/Rondônia to 3% in Acre. The most affected age group was over 60 months for both HAdV and NPEV. Samples previously positive for rotavirus and norovirus, which did not show a major difference in the presence or absence of diarrhea, fever, and vomiting, were excluded from the clinical analyses of these two viruses. These viruses circulated over five years, with a few months of absence, mainly during the months corresponding to the waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil. Five HAdV species were identified (A, B, C, D, and F), with a greater predominance of HAdV-F41 (56.5%) followed by HAdV-C (15.2%). Three NPEV species (A, B, and C) were detected, with serotypes E14 (19.3%) and CVA-24 (16.1%) being the most prevalent. The present study revealed a high diversity of NPEV and HAdV types circulating in children with AGE symptoms in the northern region of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leukoreduction has been used to limit the risk of adverse events. The most commonly used methodology is filtration (pre- or post-storage). However, whether pre-storage filtration is better than post-storage filtration needs to be clearly defined, particularly for countries that still use post-storage filtration. This study aimed to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of pre-storage filters compared with post-storage filters for transfusion reactions, for the occurrence of infections, for the length of hospital stay, and for the death of patients undergoing leukoreduced transfusion. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (APA), Scopus (Elsevier), The Cochrane Library (J. Wiley), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), Embase (Elsevier), and LILACS (VHL) databases and gray literature for eligible studies in August 2020 and updated the search in October 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical assessment tools were applied to analyze the quality appraisal of the studies. GRADE was used to determine the certainty of the evidence. Results: The meta-analysis showed that pre-storage filtration was a protective factor for the occurrence of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction in red blood cells (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.41–0.59) and platelet concentrate transfusions (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.12–0.22). The same did not occur for post-surgical infection after platelet concentrate transfusions (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65–1.04). Only one study analyzed the length of hospital stay and showed no significant difference between patients who received leukoreduced transfusions according to the type of filter used. According to the GRADE criteria, the certainty of the evidence for febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions was low for red blood cells and very low for platelet concentrate due to the high risk of bias. Infection was a low risk due to imprecision. Conclusions: The results of this review showed that the certainty of recommending the best type of filter (pre- or post-storage) for the benefit of the outcomes analyzed is still fragile; therefore, more robust evidence is needed. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020192202. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds show promise in treating obesity and enhancing intestinal health. This systematic review addressed the following question: "What are the effects of polyphenols on intestinal health in preclinical studies with diet-induced obesity?". The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO(CRD42021262445). Studies published until April 2024 were selected from Medline(PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect using terms related to polyphenols, obesity, and microbiota in rats and mice. Thirty papers meeting PICOS criteria were included. Bias risk was assessed with the SYRCLE tool, yielding scores between 4.5 and 7.0 out of 10. Findings indicated that 22 phenolic compounds improved gut microbiota diversity, reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, and modulated microbiota at various taxonomic levels. They also increased short-chain fatty acids, tight-junction expression, enhanced intestinal morphology, and reduced endotoxemia and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest phenolic compounds may help treat obesity by modifying the microbiota and improving intestinal health. However, further research is needed to standardize data and facilitate meta-analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological functions of specific areas of the nervous system, such as the spinal cord, are directional dependent, relying on the ordered arrangement of cells and extracellular matrix. Here, an automated electrospinning method is used to make fibers with different diameters by changing the concentrations of polycaprolactone/gelatine solutions. The impact of fiber diameter, orientation, and the inclusion of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on neural stem cell (NSC) behavior and differentiation is investigated. Fibers with an average diameter of 1189 ± 274 nm greatly improve neuronal differentiation. The highest relative expression of the neuronal marker Tuj‐1 and the formation of interconnected neuronal networks with neurites aligned along the fiber axis demonstrate this. Incorporating SPIONS into the fibers do not damage the cells, and aligned fibers do much better than random fibers at cell proliferation, migration, and neurite alignment. Further, magnetoresponsive fiber‐based hydrogels are fabricated by embedding SPIONS‐loaded fibers within a collagen matrix, which enables remote alignment of the fibers via a magnetic field. Postcrosslinking maintains this alignment and induces significant neurite orientation within the hydrogels. The potential use of automated, magnetically responsive electrospun fibers as flexible supports for NSC differentiation and neural tissue engineering guidance is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving sustainability performance seems to increasingly occupy the strategic agendas of organisations. Are organisations investing in their strategic agendas in Environmental, Social and Economic Sustainability? The research aims to analyze the innovative, dynamic capabilities effect on Sustainability performance (Environmental, Social and Economic). The hypothesis adopted is that sensing, seising and transforming favour Sustainability performance over time. We have used a longitudinal multiple linear regression analysis of Brazilian Innovation Research (BIR) data, for 16 years, a sample of 41 manufacturing sectors. The findings suggest that transforming favours environmental sustainability, sensing and seising favour economic sustainability and seising favours social sustainability. This study answers how and to what extent the micro foundations of dynamic capabilities affect sustainability performance in the three dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this review was to present the basic concepts of metabolomics methodology and the use of saliva for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive strategies. Material and methods: This review followed the focus in: “saliva metabolomics” and “oral diseases”. The authors searched studies on PubMed database. The inclusion criteria were original studies and reviews that assessed metabolomics techniques. A descriptive analysis was performed considering the study design, approach system, clinical steps, and tools for the determination of profile or biomarkers metabolites, and the advantages and disadvantages. Results: Metabolomic analyses use a combination of analytical instrumentation and informatic tools to provide information on metabolite characteristics. In this review we described different technologies applied and the advantages and limitations of each technique. Furthermore, in the literature search, we retrieved 25 studies that investigated saliva metabolites in oral diseases: 8 studies used targeted analysis and 17 untargeted metabolomics approaches. Most studies included patients with periodontal diseases, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and Sjögren Syndrome. The most frequently reported metabolites were glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, dipeptides, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, tyrosine, choline, taurine, lactate, valine, and proline. Conclusions: Metabolomics analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for tumor diagnosis and to enhance tumor classification, including salivary gland tumors (SGTs). It also holds promise for developing personalized treatment plans and defining more precise prognostic categories. Clinical relevance: Metabolomics is the most functional and comprehensive technique for monitoring and understanding gene functions and identifying the biochemical state of an organism in response to genetic and environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). These cells play a crucial role in transmitting visual and non‐visual information to brain regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), responsible for synchronizing biological rhythms. To understand how glaucoma affects circadian rhythm synchronization, we investigated potential changes in the molecular clock machinery in the SCN. We found that the progressive increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) negatively correlated with spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA). Transcriptome analysis revealed significant alterations in the SCN of glaucomatous mice, including downregulation of genes associated with circadian rhythms. In fact, we showed a loss of diurnal oscillation in the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip), its receptor (Vipr2), and period 1 (Per1) in the SCN of glaucomatous mice. These findings were supported by the 7‐h phase shift in the peak expression of arginine vasopressin (Avp) in the SCN of mice with glaucoma. Despite maintaining a 24‐h period under both light/dark (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions, glaucomatous mice exhibited altered SLA rhythms, characterized by decreased amplitude. Taken altogether, our findings provide evidence of how glaucoma affects the regulation of the central circadian clock and its consequence on the regulation of circadian rhythms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In basketball, successful performance relies on the optimal use of top-down strategic guidance by coaches and bottom-up adjustments by players, requiring a preparation plan consistent with match demands. The aim of this study was to analyze the strategic-tactical tendencies between a basketball team's preparation and match performance phases for a U16 men's national team during a continental tournament. The team was composed by 12 players (aged 16 ± 0.4) with at least three years of participation in basketball competitions. Data from team strategy (the playbook), team practices, and match performance were integrated through a common set of variables in a decision support framework, the Team Learning Cycle (TLC). The influence of situational variables with respect to preparation and match performance consistency and efficiency was also investigated. The preparation phase significantly emphasized small-sided games focused on group-tactics-based attacks, combining offense and defense, usually in the set offense. During the matches, the set offense was also significantly prioritized. The frequency of group-tactics-based attacks increased relative to team plays from the group phase to the elimination phase (p < 0.05). Efficiency generally improved during close matches, suggesting successful team strategy learning and tactical autonomy from preparation to matches. Using consistency and efficiency together provided for an effective evaluation of a team's preparation-performance relationship. This evidence underscores the importance of sensitive monitoring methods for establishing accurate associations between preparation and performance. Coaches can use this systematic procedure to critically examine their use of preparation time relative to match performance. Additionally, basketball managers may find that TLC-related evidence supports evaluating coaches' multi-dimensional skills from a broader perspective than simply winning rates, offering a more objective and comprehensive assessment of coaching effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated rapid adaptation of clinical competence assessments, including the transition of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) from in‐person to virtual formats. This study investigates the construct equivalence of a high‐stakes OSCE, originally designed for in‐person delivery, when adapted for a virtual format.A retrospective analysis was conducted using OSCE scores from the Internationally Educated Nurse Competency Assessment Program (IENCAP®). Data were collected from 15 exam administrations between January 2018 and June 2022, encompassing 2021 examinees (1936 in‐person, 85 virtual). The Many‐Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) model was employed to analyze the invariance of examinee ability, case difficulty, and criteria difficulty across in‐person and virtual formats.Results revealed overall examinee ability estimates remained invariant regardless of the OSCE format, while invariant violations were identified in only three of the 15 cases (N = 20%) adapted to suit the virtual format. The most significant adaptation, namely the use of a verbal physical examination to suit the virtual context achieved equivalence to its hands‐on in‐person counterpart given evidence of invariance across criteria estimates. Interestingly, criteria scores in invariant violated cases displayed a higher level of stability or consistency across the virtual OSCE formats versus their in‐person counterpart highlighting a potential benefit of the virtual versus in‐person format and potentially linked to the verbal physical examination.The study found that while examinee ability and case difficulty estimates exhibited some invariance between in‐person and virtual OSCE formats, criteria involving physical assessments faced challenges in maintaining construct equivalence. These findings highlight the need for careful consideration in adapting high‐stakes clinical assessments to virtual formats to ensure fairness and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing integration of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind systems, into energy grids has underscored the need for reliable control mechanisms to mitigate the inherent intermittency of these sources. According to the Brazilian grid operator (ONS), there have been cascading disconnections in renewable energy distributed systems (REDs) in recent years, highlighting the need for robust control models. This article addresses this issue by presenting the validation of an active power ramp rate control (PRRC) function for a PV plant coupled with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) using WECC generic models. The proposed model underwent rigorous validation over an extended analysis period, demonstrating good accuracy using the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and an R-squared (R2) metrics for the active power injected at the Point of Connection (POI), PV active power, and BESS State of Charge (SOC), providing valuable insights for medium and long-term analyses. The ramp rate control module was implemented within the plant power controller (PPC), leveraging second-generation Renewable Energy Systems (RES) models developed by the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) as a foundational framework. We conducted simulations using the Anatem software, comparing the results with real-world data collected at 100 ms to 1000 ms intervals from a PV plant equipped with a BESS in Brazil. The proposed model underwent rigorous validation over an extended analysis period, with the presented results based on two days of measurements. The positive sequence model used to represent this control demonstrated good accuracy, as confirmed by metrics such as the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R2). Furthermore, the article underscores the critical role of accurately accounting for the power sampling rate when calculating the ramp rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ovarian cryopreservation is a promising technique despite being hindered by damage from freezing and thawing. Melatonin can mitigate this outcome. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the follicular dynamics of ovarian tissue in a cryopreserved cell culture. Methods: Three-month-old adult female Wistar rats (n = 24) weighing approximately 250 g were oophorectomized and divided into two groups (n = 12): the control group (CG) and the melatonin group (MG). In the CG, slow cryopreservation was performed according to the standard protocol with Medium M2 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In MG, melatonin diluted in ethyl alcohol vehicle at a concentration of 0.1 μm was added to the culture medium. In both groups, the ovaries were cryopreserved by slow freezing and kept in liquid nitrogen for 24 h. Subsequently, after thawing, the ovaries were reimplanted in the retroperitoneum, one on each side of the great vessels (inferior vena cava and aorta). After 30 days, the animals were euthanized during the diestrus phase; then, the grafts were removed and processed for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses, whereas the blood was subjected to biochemical analysis. Student's t test was used to assess the difference between the groups. Results: The FSH levels in MG (83.79 ± 32.37) were lower than those in CG (120.52 ± 36.59), p = 0.03. The FSH/AMH ratios were also lower in MG (3.53 ± 1.13) than in CG (6.52 ± 2.85), p = 0.001. The SOD2 immunoexpression was higher in MG than in CG regarding all parameters except for the degenerated follicles (follicular cells and internal thecal cells): CG (16.80 ± 4.80 [13.36–20.24]) and MG (14.91 ± 4.04 [12.01–17.79]) p = 0.351. Statistically, the difference in intact follicles (theca + interstitium) between CG (6.60 ± 2.59 [4.75–8.45]) and MG (9.31 ± 3.09 [7.09–11.51]) was significant (p = 0.049), with a small difference in the expression of regular antral follicles. Conclusions: Melatonin can improve the quality of cryopreserved tissues, as evidenced in this study, and the evaluation of cryopreserved ovarian grafts, as shown in the melatonin group with better hormonal parameters and greater immunohistochemical expression of the SOD2 antioxidant. Thus, damage is reduced during cryopreservation and transplantation is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a numerical investigation of a sensor for acetone monitoring in exhaled breath and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) using the surface plasmon resonance principle. For the theoretical analysis, we use the Kretschmann-Raether (K-R) setup and the Fresnel multilayer model. Four figures of merit, i.e., resonance angle (RA), minimum reflectance at resonance (MRR), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and sensitivity, are used for performance assessments. As the first step, we evaluate the performance of the sensor for various plasmonic metals and substrates. Results for emulations of exhaled breath indicated polycarbonate as the most suitable substrate for the scenario. For the exhaled breath condensate case, PMMA is deemed the optimal choice. Subsequently, we evaluate the effects of adding polyaniline (PANI), graphene, or chitosan as a chemisorption binding layer for the selective sensing of acetone. Our findings suggest that these materials are not able to improve SPR figures when using refractive indexes that emulate the exhaled breath scenario. For the exhaled breath condensate case, chitosan and graphene are able to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, achieving competitive values. Chitosan generates sensitivities of 246 ∘ /RIU, 216 ∘ /RIU, and 150 ∘ /RIU in associations with gold, copper, and silver, respectively. Graphene stands as a second option by improving sensitivities of gold up to 210 ∘ /RIU and silver up to 150 ∘ /RIU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the short- and long-term labor market impact of negative experiences in using social media to gather information about the Canadian labor market at the pre-arrival stage. Negative social media experiences, mainly due to misinformation and a lack of digital skills, have a short-term negative effect on employment and earnings, but these effects dissipate in the long-term. Pre-arrival settlement services can help to minimize the negative effects of these social media experiences on newcomers' post-arrival labor market outcomes, but settlement services can pressure newcomers into precarious work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatophytoses are infectious skin diseases of public health importance because of their transmissibility and high prevalence, especially among children. This is the first study aiming to estimate and report the burden of dermatophytoses on school-age children on the island of Santiago in Cape Verde, an African country that is an archipelago. A total of 249 students attending the afternoon shift of three elementary schools in the city of Achada Igreja were examined. Of these, 60 had suspected lesions of dermatophyte infection. However, from the samples collected from these 60 students, including hair, nails, and skin scrapings, only 18 dermatophyte isolates were obtained, corresponding to a point prevalence of 7.2%. Morphological species identification demonstrated three different species: Trichophyton soudanense, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton violaceum; re-identification by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions of ribosomal DNA, and the 5.8S rDNA encoding gene (ITS-5.8S region), revealed T. soudanense as the most prevalent species, with only one case of T. rubrum. This is the first epidemiological data describing dermatophytoses and dermatophytes in Cape Verde among school-age children on one of the archipelago islands. It reinforces the need of using culture and accurate identification methodologies when gathering epidemiological data on dermatophytoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is composed of a series of peptides, receptors, and enzymes that play a pivotal role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Among the most important players in this system are the angiotensin-II and angiotensin-(1-7) peptides. Our group has recently demonstrated that alamandine (ALA), a peptide with structural and functional similarities to angiotensin-(1-7), interacts with cardiomyocytes, enhancing contractility via the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D (MrgD). It is currently unknown whether this modulation varies along the distinct phases of the day. To address this issue, we assessed the ALA-induced contractility response of cardiomyocytes from mice at four Zeitgeber times (ZTs). At ZT2 (light phase), ALA enhanced cardiomyocyte shortening in an MrgD receptor-dependent manner, which was associated with nitric oxide (NO) production. At ZT14 (dark phase), ALA induced a negative modulation on the cardiomyocyte contraction. β-Alanine, an MrgD agonist, reproduced the time-of-day effects of ALA on myocyte shortening. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an NO synthase inhibitor, blocked the increase in fractional shortening induced by ALA at ZT2. No effect of ALA on myocyte shortening was observed at ZT8 and ZT20. Our results show that ALA/MrgD signaling in cardiomyocytes is subject to temporal modulation. This finding has significant implications for pharmacological approaches that combine chronotherapy for cardiac conditions triggered by disruption of circadian rhythms and hormonal signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires are catastrophes of natural origin or initiated by human activities with high disruptive potential. "Portugal, located in western Iberia, has recently experienced several large fire events, including megafires, due to a combination of factors such as orography, vegetation, climate, and socio-demographic conditions that contribute to fuel accumulation.". One approach to studying fire danger is to use fire weather indices that are commonly used to quantify meteorological conditions that can lead to fire ignition and spread. This study aims to provide high-resolution (~ 6 km) future projections of the Fire Weather Index (FWI) for Portugal using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, forced by the Max Planck Institute (MPI) model from the CMIP6 suite, under three emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP58.5) for the present period (1995–2014) and two future periods (2046–2065 and 2081–2100). The results show good agreement between FWI and its subcomponents from the WRF and reanalysis. The modelled FWI reproduced the climatological distribution of fire danger Projections indicate an increase in days with very high to extreme fire danger (FWI > 38) across all scenarios and time frames, with the southern and northeastern regions experiencing the most significant changes. The southern and northeastern parts of the territory experienced the largest changes, indicating significant changes between the scenarios and regions. This study suggests that FWI and its subcomponents should be investigated further. Our results highlight the importance of creating new adaptation measures, especially in the areas most at risk, prepared in advance by different players and authorities, so that the increasing risk of wildfires can be mitigated in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, making the use of oral anticoagulants for prevention increasingly important. Historically, warfarin has played a significant role in this context. In recent years, introduction of new oral anticoagulants, such as rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran, and edoxaban, has been seen. This study evaluates the risk associated with the use of oral anticoagulants by analyzing spontaneous adverse drug reactions reported to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System from 2012 to 2021. The study includes 951 adverse drug reactions reports, with the majority (n = 770; 80.97%) classified as serious. Of the 770 serious adverse drug reactions reports, the most commonly reported seriousness criterion was "Clinically Important" (n = 350; 45.45%). In terms of demographics, there was a higher reporting rate among the elderly population, with a greater prevalence of females. The System Organ Class group with the highest number of adverse drug reactions was "Gastrointestinal disorders," with the most commonly reported Preferred Term being "Gastrointestinal hemorrhage," and dabigatran was the most frequently reported drug. In summary, oral anticoagulants have adverse drug reactions that require continuous monitoring. Accurate identification and monitorization of adverse drug reactions is an important starting point to improve drug safety in population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution for problems related to energy sources and pollution concerns. The integration of hydrogen in the transport sector is one of the possible various applications and involves the implementation of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs). A key obstacle for HRS deployment, in addition to the need for well-developed technologies, is the economic factor since these infrastructures require high capital investments costs and are largely dependent on annual operating costs. In this study, we review hydrogen's application as a fuel, summarizing the principal systems involved in HRS, from production to the final refueling stage. In addition, we also analyze the main equipment involved in the production, compression and storage processes of hydrogen. The current work also highlights the main refueling processes that impact energy consumption and the methodologies presented in the literature for energy management strategies in HRSs. With the aim of reducing energy costs due to processes that require high energy consumption, most energy management strategies are based on the use of renewable energy sources, in addition to the use of the power grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic generated distinct mental health challenges, characterised by stress and anxiety due to its unpredictable duration and continuous threat. This study examined the role of meditation practice on anxiety symptoms and perceived stress, considering co‐variables such as self‐compassion, acceptance, awareness, brooding, lockdown duration, and sociodemographic characteristics. The study used a longitudinal design and data were collected through online surveys from April 2020 to January 2021 (at four different time points) and included 238 participants from Portugal (165 had prior experience with meditation practices, 73 were non‐meditators) with a mean age of 43.08 years (SD = 10.96). Linear mixed models revealed that over time, during the lockdown, the non‐meditators group demonstrated a greater increase of anxiety symptoms (β = −0.226, SE = 0.06, p = 0.006) and perceived stress (β = −0.20, SE = 0.06, p = 0.004), whereas the meditators group showed non‐significant (p > 0.05) variations in anxiety and stress symptoms during the same period of time. The effect of meditation on anxiety symptoms was moderated by sex, days of lockdown, self‐compassion, and acceptance. The effect of meditation on perceived stress was moderated by sex, years of education, days of lockdown, and levels of awareness. Additionally, the study explored the potential predictive effect of different meditation session lengths, indicating that longer meditation practices offered greater protection against an increase in anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of cultivating self‐regulation skills and investing in preventive mental health strategies to promote well‐being and autonomy. Mental health professionals should prioritise educating communities on evidence‐based practices like meditation and compassion exercises to enhance overall health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to perform specific causal validation of nursing diagnosis Risk for thrombosis (00291) of the NANDA International (NANDA‐I) classification. Methods: This is a case–control study conducted in a university hospital from January to October 2020. A total of 516 adult patients were included—344 in the Case Group (with venous or arterial thrombosis evidenced by imaging) and 172 in the Control Group (without thrombosis). Statistical analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression test, and odds ratios were calculated to measure the effect of exposure between groups. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Findings: The patients were predominantly female and aged 59 ± 16 years. In the univariate logistic analysis, five risk factors were significantly associated with thrombosis, two at‐risk populations and 12 associated conditions. In the multivariate regression model, the following risk factors remained independently associated (p < 0.05): inadequate knowledge of modifiable factors (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.25–8.56) and ineffective medication self‐management (OR: 3.2; 95% CI:1.77–6.26); at‐risk populations with history (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.29–3.66) and family history of thrombosis (OR:2.60; 95% CI: 1.03–7.49); and the conditions associated with vascular diseases (OR:6.12; 95% CI:1.69–39.42), blood coagulation disorders (OR: 5.14; 95% CI:1.85–18.37), atherosclerosis (OR:2.07; 95% CI: 1.32–3.27), critical illness (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.42–3.70), and immobility (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.10–4.12). Conclusions: The clinical validation allowed to establish strong evidence for the refinement of the diagnosis Risk for thrombosis and, consequently, to raise its level of evidence in the classification of NANDA‐I. Implications for nursing practice: The evidence pointed out by this study favors the establishment of thrombosis diagnosis in an accurate way by nurses in clinical practice, directing preventive interventions to patients in this risk condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated for the first time the potential of orange passion fruit as a base for alcoholic and acetic fermentations, with a view to assessing its profile of organic acids and polyphenols, in vitro digestion, and biological activities. RESULTS: In terms of aliphatic organic acids, malic acid was the majority in the wine (3.19 g L−1), while in the vinegar, it was acetic acid (46.84 g L−1). 3,4‐Dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4‐DHB) was the major phenolic compound in the wine and vinegar samples (3443.93 and 2980.00 μg L−1, respectively). After the in vitro gastrointestinal simulation stage, the wine showed high bioaccessibility for the compounds sinipaldehyde (82.97%) and 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4‐DHBA, 81.27%), while the vinegar exhibited high bioaccessibility for sinipaldehyde (89.39%). Through multivariate analysis, it was observed that 3,4‐DHB was highly concentrated in the different digested fractions obtained from the wine. In contrast, in the vinegar, the stability of isorahmenetin and Quercetin 3‐o‐rhamnoside was observed during the in vitro digestion simulation. Lastly, the vinegar stood out for its inhibition rates of α‐amylase (23.93%), α‐glucoside (18.34%), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (10.92%). In addition, the vinegar had an inhibitory effect on the pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. CONCLUSION: Orange passion fruit has proved to be a promising raw material for the development of fermented beverages. Therefore, this study provides an unprecedented perspective on the use and valorization of orange passion fruit, contributing significantly to the advancement of knowledge about fermented products and the associated nutritional and functional possibilities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. The rumen microbiome is crucial for converting feed into absorbable nutrients used for milk synthesis, and the efficiency of this process directly affects the profitability and sustainability of the dairy industry. Recent studies have found that the rumen microbial composition explains part of the variation in feed efficiency traits, including dry matter intake, milk energy, and residual feed intake. The main goal of this study was to reveal relationships between the host genome, the rumen microbiome, and dairy cow feed efficiency using structural equation models. Our specific objectives were to (1) infer the mediation effects of the rumen microbiome on feed efficiency traits, (2) estimate the direct and total heritability of feed efficiency traits, and (3) calculate the direct and total breeding values of feed efficiency traits. Data consisted of dry matter intake, milk energy, and residual feed intake records, SNP genotype data, and 16S rRNA rumen microbial abundances from 448 mid-lactation Holstein cows from 2 research farms. We implemented structural equation models such that the host genome directly affects the phenotype (G P → P) and the rumen microbiome (G M → P), and the microbiome affects the phenotype (M → P), partially mediating the effect of the host genome on the phenotype (G → M → P). We found that 7% to 30% of microbes within the rumen microbial community had structural coefficients different from zero. We classified these microbes into 3 groups that could have different uses in dairy farming. Microbes with heritability <0.10 but significant causal effects on feed efficiency are attractive for external interventions. On the other hand, 2 groups of microbes with heritability ≥0.10, significant causal effects, and genetic covariances and causal effects with the same or opposite sign to feed efficiency are attractive for selective breeding, improving or decreasing the trait heritability and response to selection, respectively. In general, the inclusion of the different microbes in genomic models tends to decrease the trait heritability rather than increase it, ranging from −15% to +5% depending on the microbial group and phenotypic trait. Our findings provide more understanding to target rumen microbes that can be manipulated, either through selection or management interventions, in order to improve feed efficiency traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe mucocutaneous reactions, usually to drugs, characterized by blistering and epithelial sloughing. SCORTEN is an established prognosticator index employed in SJS/TEN patients to evaluate their severity degree and mortality risk. Many studies done in the recent past have indicated that neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is related to disease activity in several dermatological diseases. Hence, this study has been performed to correlate the NLR of each patient with their respective SCORTEN values and assess whether NLR can be used as a prognostic marker in SJS/TEN. A single centre, retrospective, 4 year study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. The required clinical and laboratory data were obtained from existing IP records of all cases of SJS/TEN disorders admitted in the last 4 years in our hospital between May 1st 2019 and April 30th 2023. The correlation coefficient and p value were analysed using the Spearman’s rank correlation. The total sample size of the study was 22 patients. A female preponderance (59.1%) with an age range between 10 to 74 years was noted. Drugs were the main triggering factor in all the patients and antiepileptics were the most commonly implicated drug group. On statistical analysis a weak positive correlation (r = 0.182) between NLR and SCORTEN was noted, however p value was insignificant (p = 0.417). Further, mean ± SD of NLR was found to be higher in group II (patients with SCORTEN ≥ 3) as compared to group I (patients with SCORTEN < 3). On correlating NLR with each group separately, p value still remained insignificant. Elevation in NLR value reflects the systemic inflammation, but its role in predicting the severity of the disease needs further research involving larger sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working memory capacity (WMC) has been measured with a plethora of cognitive tasks. Several preeminent automated batteries of working memory (WM) tasks have been developed recently. However, despite all their advantages, most batteries were programmed in paid platforms and/or only included a single WM paradigm. To address these issues, we developed the OpenWMB, an automated battery comprising seven tasks from three distinct paradigms (complex spans, updating tasks, and binding tasks) that tap into several functional aspects of WM (simultaneous storage and processing, updating, and binding). The battery runs on open-source software (OpenSesame) and is freely available online in a ready-to-download format. The OpenWMB possesses flexible features and includes a data processing script (that converts data into a format ready for statistical analysis). The instrument is available in Portuguese and English. However, we only assessed the psychometric properties of the former version. The Portuguese version presented good internal consistency and considerable internal and predictive validity: all tasks loaded into a single factor. Additionally, the WMC estimate was strongly correlated with a fluid intelligence factor. This study also tried to contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the best method to assess WMC. We computed a permutation analysis to compare the amount of variance shared between a fluid intelligence factor and (1) each WM task, (2) homogenous WMC factors (based on multiple tasks from the same paradigm), and (3) heterogeneous WMC factors (derived from triplets of tasks from different paradigms). Our results suggested that heterogeneous factors provided the best estimates of WMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion A diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU) is a major risk factor for lower‐extremity amputation (LEA). To help clinicians predict the risk of LEA in people with DFU, the Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment (DIAFORA) system was developed but has never been externally validated.In this study, 317 people presenting with a new DFU were included. At baseline, participants were grouped into three groups based on their DIAFORA score: low‐risk (<15), medium‐risk (15–25), and high‐risk (>25). Participants were followed until healing, LEA, death, or at least 3 months. Discriminative accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LRs) and the area under the curve (AUC).All 317 participants completed at least 3 months of follow‐up for a median duration of 146 days, during which 12.6% underwent minor amputation and 2.5% major amputation. People in the low‐ and medium‐risk categories had major amputation rates of 0.9% and 2.1%, respectively, and negative LR of major LEA of 0.10 and 0.38, respectively, while the people in the high‐risk category had an amputation rate of 25.0% and a positive LR of 12.9. The DIAFORA risk groups had a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 65.7%, with a corresponding AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–0.87) for the prediction of major LEA.The DIAFORA score is a useful tool for risk stratification of people presenting with a newly occurred DFU, with the external validation presenting results similar to those presented in the original study. The DIAFORA score may guide clinicians towards more individualized DFU treatment regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in power electronics have significantly improved photovoltaic (PV) inverters by equipping them with sophisticated monitoring capabilities. These enhancements provide economic advantages by facilitating swift failure detection and lowering monitoring costs. Educating users on the economic repercussions of undetected failures in specific inverter monitoring systems is crucial. This paper introduces a novel metric, "Cost of Detection", which assesses the financial impact of failures, considering the repair expenses and the "quality" of the monitoring system in place. The study analyzed fifteen inverter monitoring solutions, focusing on the variance in alerts generated by the manufacturers' standard and extra monitoring features. Employing the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method, alerts were prioritized based on their importance for two PV system scenarios: a low-power residential system (5 kWp) and a medium-power industrial/commercial system (100 kWp). Lisbon, Rome, and Berlin were chosen as the locations for these systems. The economic impact of system failures is evaluated annually for each capacity and city. Given the differing costs and annual yields, comparing their economic performance over time is essential. This comparison utilizes the Net Present Value (NPV), which estimates an investment's worth by calculating the present value of all cash flows. The investment assessment includes only the costs of inverters and optimizers, excluding O&M expenses, licenses, and fees. Over five years, a higher NPV signifies a more economically advantageous solution. For residential systems, string inverters with optimizers have the highest NPV, surpassing those without optimizers by 17% across all three cities. The optimal monitoring solution in the industrial/commercial context was a string inverter with one optimizer for every two panels. Here, Rome emerged as the location with the most substantial NPV increase of 50%, followed by Berlin with 33% and Lisbon with 28%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies indicate a positive correlation between the duration of estrus prior to ovulation and likelihood of pregnancy in embryo recipient mares. However, the mechanisms by which the duration of estrus before may affect fertility remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of different durations of estradiol exposure, prior to progesterone administration, on embryo viability in anestrous recipient mares, and endometrial expression of genes thought to influence embryo survival. Three groups of anestrous recipient mares treated with different duration of estradiol were used: long (LE), short (SE) and no treatment (NE). Day 8 embryos were transferred into recipient mares four days after long-acting progesterone administration and recovered 48h later to examine embryo growth and viability. The endometrial gene expression profile of selected genes was also investigated. The likelihood of recovering an embryo 48h after transfer was 46.1% (6/13), 62.5% (5/8) and 85.7% (6/7) for recipient mares from the NE, SE and LE groups, respectively (P =.09). Embryos recovered from the different groups of recipients did not, however, differ in size, morphology or the proportion of nuclei undergoing mitosis (P >.05). Abundance of mRNA for uterocalin (P19) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were increased in the LE compared to the NE group, while fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), progesterone receptor (PGR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) transcript abundances were increased (P < 0.05) in the NE group compared to both SE and LE groups. In conclusion, a longer exposure of the endometrium to estradiol before progesterone tended to improve embryo survival within 48h of transfer. However, the grade, growth rate, and proportion of mitotic cells in surviving embryos did not differ among groups. If embryos are destined to fail in a suboptimal endometrial environment, they die and disappear quickly. Moreover, a more adequately estradiol-primed uterus, before the progesterone rise, seems to create a uterine environment, in terms of P19 , IGF1 , FGF2 and PGR gene expression, more conducive to embryo survival and further development. • Embryo survival after transfer tended to be influenced by the duration of estradiol treatment. • Viability of surviving embryos within 48h of transfer was not affected by estradiol-primed uterus. • Endometrial expression of selected genes was influenced by estradiol-primed uterus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The greater predisposition to infections, as well as the possibility of a worse response to treatment, can lead to the excessive use of antimicrobials among cancer patients. C-reactive protein (CRP) has gained prominence as a tool for monitoring therapeutic responses and reducing the duration of antibiotic therapy; however, few studies have analyzed this protein in cancer patient populations. We hypothesize that cancer patients with a good response to antibiotic therapy show a faster decline in serum CRP levels, which would allow us to identify candidates for short-course treatments. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of serum CRP levels among adult cancer patients using antibiotic therapy, and its association with the duration of this treatment, therapeutic response, and clinical recurrence. Methods: This work consisted of a retrospective study with cancer patients admitted to a university hospital between September 2018 and December 2019. Adults (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent at least one course of antibiotic therapy were included. CRP behavior over the first 7 days of treatment was classified as: i) good response: when the CRP value on the fifth day of therapy reached 50% or less of the peak value detected in the first 48 h of treatment, and ii) poor response: Maintenance, within the same interval, of a CRP value > 50% of the peak value in the first 48 h. The duration of antibiotic therapy was categorized as up to seven full days or more. Outcomes were assessed by events that occurred during the 30 days of hospitalization or until hospital discharge. Primary outcome: Clinical recurrence of the index infection. Secondary outcomes: i) Death from any cause; ii) microbiological recurrence; iii) therapeutic response; iv) colitis associated with Clostridioides difficile; and v) isolation of multi-resistant bacteria, whether in clinical or surveillance samples. Results: The final analysis consisted of 212 patients, with a median age (IQ) of 59.2 (48 – 67) years old and a predominance of females (65%), who were hypertensive (35%), smokers (21%), and diabetics (17.8%). There was no difference in clinical recurrence between the two groups (8.1% vs. 12.2%; p = 0.364), with a lower 30-day mortality in the good CRP response group (32.2% vs. 14.5%; p = 0.002). Despite the tendency towards a lower occurrence of other secondary outcomes in the good response group, these differences were not statistically significant. In the poor CRP response group, outcomes like clinical recurrence, mortality, and therapeutic response were significantly worse, regardless of the duration of antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: In this study, cancer patients with a good CRP response during antibiotic therapy presented lower mortality and a higher proportion of satisfactory therapeutic responses. CRP can be a useful tool when combined with other clinical information in optimizing the duration of antimicrobial treatment in a hospitalized cancer population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the seventeenth symposium organized by the international IgA nephropathy network (IIgANN) in Tokyo. The symposium covered various topics related to IgA nephropathy, including its molecular pathogenesis, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, and therapeutic strategies. The symposium also included a patient forum that highlighted the need for improved healthcare procedures and collaboration between patients and doctors. The article also discusses the role of the microbiome and immunology in IgA nephropathy, as well as recent advances in its treatment. The text concludes by emphasizing the importance of international collaborations and the need for safer and more effective therapies for IgA nephropathy. [Extracted from the article]

During their development, amphibians undergo various physiological processes that may affect their susceptibility to environmental pollutants. Naturally occurring fluctuations caused by developmental events are often overlooked in ecotoxicological studies. Our aim is to investigate how biomarkers of oxidative stress are modulated at different stages of larval development in the Amazonian amphibian species, Physalaemus ephippifer. The premetamorphosis, prometamorphosis and metamorphic climax stages were used to analyze total antioxidant capacity (ACAP), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and the expression of genes nrf2, gst, gsr (glutathione reductase) and gclc (glycine-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit). Although there was no difference in ACAP and the genes expression among the studied stages, individuals from the premetamorphosis and prometamorphosis showed higher GST activity than ones under the climax. LPO levels were highest in individuals from the metamorphic climax. The present study suggests that the oxidative status changes during ontogeny of P. ephippifer tadpoles, especially during the metamorphic climax, the most demanding developmental phase. Variations in the redox balance at different developmental stages may lead to a divergent response to pollution. Therefore, we recommend that studies using anuran larvae as biomonitors consider possible physiological differences during ontogeny in their respective analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Radical prostate cancer treatment is the predominant cause of iatrogenic stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in men, significantly impacting their quality of life (QoL). This prospective single-center study in Portugal aimed to evaluate the outcomes of men with moderate-to-severe SUI treated with a single-component artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). Materials and methods: Male patients with iatrogenic moderate-to-severe SUI, determined by a 24-hour pad weight test, were included. The single-component device comprises a cuff linked to a pump unit through a kink-resistant tube. The implantation involved perineal incision for cuff placement and an inguinal incision for pump and tank positioning within the scrotum. Complications, pad usage, perioperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification), and quality of life assessment using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) questionnaire were documented. Results: Between May 2021 and March 2023, 20 consecutive single-component AUS insertions were conducted at a Portuguese urology department. Follow-up concluded in July 2023, with a mean follow-up duration of 15 months (range: 5-27). Four patients experienced complications necessitating device revision or removal (erosion = 2, infection = 1, mechanical failure = 1). Social continence (0/1 pad/day) was achieved in 70% (14/20 patients), while 30% (6/20 patients) experienced incontinence. Perioperatively, one patient was classified as grade 2, while the remaining were grade 0/1 in the ClavienDindo classification. The mean ICIQ-SF score reduction was 10.5 points. Conclusions: The single-component AUS shows promising efficacy in managing moderate-to-severe male SUI, offering a good success rate, acceptable complications, improved QoL, and a straightforward surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observation is used as a research technique and the selection of the appropriate type depends on the research question and the paradigm underlying each study. The degree of participation and involvement of a nurse researcher varies according to the nature of the setting and the research question. The objective is to reflect on the experience in applying observational techniques in nursing qualitative research. We report on the experience of using 14 observations of interactions between nurse-child-parents in a nursing appointment in a healthcare center. This data collection allowed identification of advantages and limitations in the nurse-child-parent interaction processes, in a healthcare center. We argue that advantages of observation can include overcoming the divergence between what participants say and what they do; capturing the emotional dimension cultivated within the natural environment; flexibility and non-intrusiveness if the researcher gives time to develop a relationship with the participants. Doing observations requires significant time in the natural context, through sustained presence, building trust, and becoming integrated into the context before the research begins. In interpretive and naturalistic qualitative research observational techniques continue to offer a method that can be used alone or conjugated with other data collection techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, there is no scientific consensus on the concept of alcohol addiction recovery beyond substance use control. This conceptual issue challenges the implementation of therapeutic strategies and mental health policies that are unrestricted to symptomatic remission. Aiming to contribute to its definition, this study aimed to examine the recovery experience of individuals with alcohol addiction using dialectical phenomenological psychopathology (DPP) as a theoretical and methodological framework. Methods: A dialectical phenomenological analysis was conducted through an examination of online interviews with eight Brazilian, São Paulo state citizens who were self-declared to be undergoing alcohol addiction recovery (or who declared that they had completely recovered). Results: Participants' reports generated eight categories that were subdivided into two groups. The first group indicated experiential elements of recovery, such as changes in self-relation, changes in interpersonal relations, and changes in time relations, giving new meanings to suffering and alcohol use, and recovery as a continuous process. The second group referred to how the participants interpreted recovery according to their worldviews: as a spiritual experience, moral reformation, and mentality change. Conclusion: These categories can be understood through the lens of DPP as a process of change in the subjects' being in the world, characterized by the continued management of their existential imbalances in the dimensions of spatiality, temporality, selfhood, and intersubjectivity. The results are preliminary when it comes to conceptualizing recovery but may help future studies to develop recovery-oriented therapeutic strategies. Plain Language Summary: In the mental health field, there is still no consensus on what it means to be in alcohol addiction recovery beyond controlling alcohol use, which challenges the development of treatments and policies aimed at promoting more than symptom remission. We believe part of this issue is due to the hegemony of strictly objective approaches that lack theoretical resources to grasp recovery experiences. Hence, we tried to contribute to recovery understanding by analyzing the recovery experiences of individuals with alcohol addiction. For this, we used the dialectical phenomenological psychopathology perspective as a theoretical lens, which consists of a study approach in psychopathology that investigates experiences of mental disorders and their typical ways of relating to the world. Through this perspective, we examined online interviews of 8 Brazilian, São Paulo state citizens, who were self-declared to be undergoing alcohol addiction recovery (or who declared that they had completely recovered). Their reports indicated that recovery was a process that featured changes in self-relation, changes in interpersonal relations, changes in time relation, and giving new meanings to alcohol use and suffering. Those transformations were also interpreted by participants' worldviews of spiritual experience, moral reformation, and mentality change. In the discussion, we understood such changes as transformations in the way they experience an act in the world, which are developed by continued management of their own alcohol addiction vulnerabilities. Although we consider the results preliminary when it comes to conceptualizing recovery, we believe they may help future studies to develop therapeutic strategies committed to promoting patient recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altered sensory processing is a common feature in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5). Although altered responses to tactile stimuli are observed in over 60% of individuals with ASD, the neurobiological basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood. ASD has a strong genetic component and genetic mouse models can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying tactile abnormalities in ASD. This review critically addresses recent findings regarding tactile processing deficits found in mouse models of ASD, with a focus on behavioral, anatomical, and functional alterations. Particular attention was given to cellular and circuit‐level functional alterations, both in the peripheral and central nervous systems, with the objective of highlighting possible convergence mechanisms across models. By elucidating the impact of mutations in ASD candidate genes on somatosensory circuits and correlating them with behavioral phenotypes, this review significantly advances our understanding of tactile deficits in ASD. Such insights not only broaden our comprehension but also pave the way for future therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a rise in resistant infections after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. How and if the pandemic contributed to antibiotic resistance in the larger population is not well understood. Wastewater treatment plants are good locations for environmental surveillance because they can sample entire populations. This study aimed to validate methods used for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance for bacterial targets and to understand how rising COVID-19 cases from October 2020 to February 2021 in Portugal (PT) and King County, Washington contributed to antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater. Primary influent wastewater was collected from two treatment plants in King County and five treatment plants in PT, and hospital effluent was collected from three hospitals in PT. Genomic extracts were tested with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction for antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance against antibiotics under threat. Random-effect models were fit for log-transformed gene abundances to assess temporal trends. All samples collected tested positive for multiple resistance genes. During the sampling period, mecA statistically significantly increased in King County and PT. No statistical evidence exists of correlation between samples collected in the same Portuguese metro area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, climate events such as Drought, El Niño, and La Niña have become increasingly frequent and more intense. Oceanographic monitoring was used to collect hydrological data in the middle and lower sectors of the Caeté estuary in different years. Negative rainfall anomalies of up to 45% were recorded during periods marked by drought and El Niño events, which make the water in the Caeté estuary more saline and alkaline. During these events, the retention of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the middle sector appears to support increased eutrophication and more productive waters, whereas moderate eutrophication and lower productivity were observed in the lower sector. During La Niña events, by contrast, positive rainfall anomalies may reach 60%, resulting in more oxygenated water in the estuary. In addition, the lower sector tends to be more eutrophic during periods of high rainfall and freshwater discharge, as observed in this study during a La Niña event. The paucity of data on the effects of extreme climate events in Amazonian environments means that the findings of the present study may provide a useful model for the assessment of the effects of these events on other natural environments in the Amazon region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the surveillance of viral infections and cancer. NK cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and direct cytotoxicity are mediated by the recognition of antibody-coated target cells through the Fc gamma receptor IIIA (FcγRIIIa/CD16) and by ligands of activating/inhibitory NK receptors, respectively. Allelic variants of the FCGR3A gene include the high-affinity single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs396991 (V176F), which is associated with the efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies, and the SNP rs10127939 (L66H/R). The contribution of FCGR3A SNPs to NK cell effector functions remains controversial; therefore, we generated a panel of eight NK-92 cell lines expressing specific combinations of these SNPs and tested their cytotoxicities. NK-92 cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing different combinations of FCGR3A SNPs. Messenger RNA and FcγRIIIa/CD16 cell surface expressions were detected using new generation sequencing (NGS) and flow cytometry, respectively. All FcγRIIIa/CD16-transfected NK-92 cell lines exhibited robust ADCC against three different target cell lines with minor differences. In addition, enhanced direct NK cytotoxicity against K562 target cells was observed, suggesting a mechanistic role of FcγRIIIa/CD16 in direct NK cytotoxicity. In conclusion, we generated eight FcγRIIIa/CD16-transfected NK-92 cell lines carrying different combinations of two of the most studied FCGR3A SNPs, representing the major genotypes described in the European population. The functional characterization of these cell lines revealed differences in ADCC and direct NK cytotoxicity that may have implications for the design of adoptive cancer immunotherapies using NK cells and tumor antigen-directed mAbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of pregabalin in pain treatment has led to the search for new formulations for its use through different routes of administration. This study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the cytotoxicity of pregabalin (PG) gels for topical application in the oral cavity. Solutions with three different concentrations of PG were prepared and added to a 1.0% carbopol gel base. Thermal analyses (TG and DSC) and FTIR were performed on the gel and pure pregabalin. Stability (preliminary and accelerated) and rheology studies were also conducted on the gels. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts in the following groups: WG (1.0% carbopol gel base), PG2G (2.0% pregabalin gel), PG5G (5.0% pregabalin gel), and PG10G (10% pregabalin gel). A transparent and homogeneous gel with a pH of 6 was obtained. The formulations showed stability, and the different drug concentrations did not influence the product's characteristics. None of the tested groups showed cytotoxicity for the analyzed cells. The pregabalin gels exhibited favorable and non-toxic characteristics for human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Therefore, this product may be a promising therapeutic alternative for topical application in the oral mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in the growing field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research highlights their significance in intercellular signalling and the selective transfer of biological information between donor and recipient cells. EV studies have provided valuable insights into intercellular communication mechanisms, signal identification and their involvement in disease states, offering potential avenues for manipulating pathological conditions, detecting biomarkers and developing drug‐delivery systems. While our understanding of EV functions in reproductive tissues has significantly progressed, exploring their potential as biomarkers for infertility, therapeutic interventions and enhancements in assisted reproductive technologies remains to be investigated. This knowledge gap stems partly from the difficulties associated with large‐scale EV production relevant to clinical applications. Most existing studies on EV production rely on conventional 2D cell culture systems, characterized by suboptimal EV yields and a failure to replicate in vivo conditions. This results in the generation of EVs that differ from their in vivo counterparts. Hence, this review firstly delves into the importance of EVs in reproduction to then expand on current techniques for in vitro EV production, specifically examining diverse methods of culture and the potential of bioengineering technologies to establish innovative systems for enhanced EV production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Forage–livestock systems contribute to Brazilian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, harming the environment and reducing bioeconomic efficiency. Employing technologies like pasture management is crucial for sustainable mitigation. Aims: Our objective was to measure greenhouse gas emissions of beef cattle in forage systems by exploring well-managed Brachiaria hybrid pastures in the Brazilian Amazon Biome. Methods: The experimental design was a randomised complete block, with two cultivars: Ipyporã and Mulato II, in four replicates, totalling eight experimental units, and each experimental unit was 1.5 ha. Key results: Ipyporã pastures had 88.5% greater herbage mass than Mulato II in January (8350 vs 4430 kg dry mass ha−1). There was no difference between cultivars for soil GHG emissions. The greatest enteric methane and carbon dioxide values were measured in February. In Ipyporã pastures, the average daily gain was 57% and 50% greater than in Mulato II, in February (837 vs 533 g day−1) and March (1054 vs 700 g day−1) respectively. Enteric methane and carbon dioxide were 34% and 48% less respectively in Ipyporã pastures in February. Conclusions: Soil GHG emissions in fertilised pastures followed similar patterns across different cultivars, but those with greater production tended to produce more emissions (soil and enteric) due to fertilisation and increased stocking rates. Implications: Forage–livestock production systems benefit from adequate grazing and pasture management of two Brachiaria cultivars, resulting in greater productivity compared to GHG emissions. This leads to reduced emissions per unit of product, contributing to the development of a more efficient and sustainable forage–livestock system. This study highlights the first greenhouse gas evaluation of Brachiaria BRS Ipyporã (released in 2017) and Mulato II in forage–livestock systems in the Brazilian Amazon. These hybrid forages promise a more sustainable system by reducing greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram of product. These results address the importance of well-managed pastures as a sustainable practice and the use of Brachiaria grass hybrids as an alternative for a more efficient system with reduced emissions per unit of product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the creation and availability of Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI) have changed the paradigm associated with the production of Geospatial Information (GI), since, due to its free access, citizens can view, analyse, process, and validate this type of data. One of the most popular examples of VGI is the collaborative OpenStreetMap (OSM) project which covers a wide range of themes or characteristics associated with the real world. One of these themes is the feature "waterway" that represents watercourses. The quality of OSM data characteristics is a topic that has been published by many authors in recent years, particularly on the analysis of the completeness indicator. However, few references are found in the literature about studies that analyse the completeness of OSM watercourses or even watercourses obtained by other sources. All this motivated the authors to develop a study that aims to analyse the completeness of these specific lines that have so much relevance to hydrologists. The study presents an analysis of the variation over time in completeness/coverage of the OSM "waterway" feature in the period between 2014 and 2023 in a mountainous region included in the Mondego River basin, located in the Inland of Portugal. The methodology applied is supported by classical methods of measuring the completeness of lines that may be found in the literature. The total length of the watercourses was calculated and compared in percentage terms with the total length of the reference watercourses for dates under analysis. The watercourses of the military official hydrography of the 1/25,000 scale were used as a reference. The relation of the OSM completeness with some indicators related to terrain surface (altitude, slope, and location/proximity settlements) was also analysed. The choice of these indicators was motivated by the fact that the study area has strong mountain characteristics and is crossed by the main Portuguese river. The analysis was performed using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) data and satellite image of Geographic Information System software. The results show that the completeness of this OSM feature (waterway) has a slight increase, considering the amplitude of the studied period (nine years) and the fact that, nowadays, digital mobile devices enable easy access to satellite images, allowing the digitalization of geographic entities or objects of the real world remotely. Regarding the indicator altitude, slope, and location/proximity of the settlements, we believe that there is no influence of these indicators on the evolution of the completeness of the OSM waterways in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation explores the fabrication of polymer matrix nanocomposites via additive manufacturing (AM), using a UV photopolymerization resin and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) with vat photopolymerization 3D printing technology. The aim in this study is to investigate the mentioned materials in different formulations in terms of inexpensive processing, the property related variability, and targeting multifunctional applications. After the AM process, samples were post-cured with UV light in order to obtain better mechanical properties. The particles and resin were mixed using an ultrasonicator, and the particle contents used were 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt %. The process used in this investigation was simple and inexpensive, as the technologies used are quite accessible, from the 3D printer to the UV curing device. These formulations were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the materials' microstructure and tensile tests to quantify stress–strain derived properties. Results showed that, besides the simplicity of the process, the mixing was effective, which was observed in the scanning electron microscope. Additionally, the tensile strength was increased with the UV irradiation exposure, while the strain properties did not change significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endovascular treatment of complex vascular pathologies in the pediatric population is often performed by nonpediatric subspecialists with adaptation of equipment and techniques developed for adult patients. We aimed to report our center's experience with safety and outcomes of endovascular treatments for pediatric vascular pathologies. We performed a retrospective review of our endovascular database. All patients ≤18 years who underwent endovascular treatment between January 1, 2004 and December 1, 2022 were included. During the study time frame, 118 cerebral angiograms were performed for interventional purposes in 55 patients. Of these patients, 8(14.5%) had intracranial aneurysms, 21(38.2%) had intracranial arteriovenous malformations, 6(10.9%) had tumors, 5(9.1%) had arterial occlusions (n = 3) or dissections (n = 2), 8(14.5%) had vein of Galen malformations, and 7(12.7%) had other cerebrovascular conditions. Of the total 118 procedures, access-site complications occurred in 2(1.7%), intraprocedural complications occurred in 3(2.5%), and transient neurological deficits were observed after 2(1.7%). Treatment-related mortality occurred in 1(1.8%) patient. Neurointervention in pediatric patients was safe and effective in our experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Running exposes the body to physiological and mechanical stresses that generate musculoskeletal injuries, such as low back pain due to large spinal loading. Increasing running cadence may reduce impact forces and spinal shrinkage. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spinal loading and running cadence. This cross-sectional study included 15 runners from the local community (36 ± 11 years; 23 ± 2 kg.m−2, and 8 ± 9 years of running experience) who ran for 30 min (R30) and 60 min (R60) at a constant speed (10 km.h−1). The spinal loading was assessed via fine stature variation measurements before the run (baseline) at R30 and R60. Cadence was monitored via a wristwatch. The cadence ranged from 150 to 180 steps.min−1. A t-test was used to compare stature loss between R30 and R60 (relative to baseline), and a stepwise linear regression equation was used to identify the relationship between cadence and stature variation in each instant. There was a stature loss throughout the race (R30 = 5.27 ± 1.92 mm and R60 =7.51 ± 2.51 mm). A linear regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between stature loss and cadence, indicating that running at a faster cadence produces smaller spinal loading than running at slower cadences after R60 (R2 = 0.38; p<0.05). Increasing running cadence might cause less spinal loading than running with a slower cadence, which may reduce the risk of injury and back disorders in runners. • Spinal loading occurs in response to impact forces after running for 30 and 60 min. • Faster paces produced less pronounced spinal loading than running at slower paces. • Spinal loading may be reduced by adjusting the running cadence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We examined racial/ethnic differences in the association between influenza vaccine recommendations from healthcare providers and maternal vaccination uptake. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We categorized respondents as non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, NH-Blacks, NH-Asians, American Indians/Alaska Natives, NH Other non-Whites, and Hispanics. We conducted multivariable logistical regression models to evaluate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates included maternal age, marital status, education, insurance status before pregnancy, the number of previous live births, the number of prenatal care visits, and smoking status during pregnancy. Results: The prevalences of receiving influenza vaccine recommendations from healthcare providers and maternal vaccine were 80.01% and 50.42%, respectively. NH-Blacks are less likely to receive provider recommendations (AOR = 0.82; 95%CI 0.77–0.87) and be vaccinated (AOR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.72−0.80) than NH-Whites. Receiving provider recommendations was significantly associated with increased maternal influenza vaccine uptake (AOR = 15.50; 95% CI 14.51–16.55). The associations were significant for all racial/ethnic groups, with the highest among NH-Asians (AOR = 22.04; 95% CI 17.88−27.16) and the lowest among NH Other non-Whites (AOR = 11.07; 95% CI 8.25−14.86). Within NH-Asians, effectiveness among Chinese was highest (AOR = 29.39; 95% CI 18.10−47.71). Conclusions: Racial/ethnic disparities in maternal influenza vaccine uptake and receiving vaccine recommendations from healthcare providers persisted. Further studies on the racial/ethnic disparities in maternal vaccination were warranted and tailored strategies are required to reduce this health disparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory development is a complex process that can influence physiological and pathological factors. In laterally-eyed mammals, monocular enucleation (ME) during development and the subsequent lack of external sensory stimuli can result in permanent morphological and physiological changes. Malnutrition, especially in early life, also can cause permanent morphofunctional changes due to inadequate nutrient intake in both hemispheres. This study investigated the effects of early (postnatal day 7) ME and malnutrition during the suckling period on cortical excitability in adulthood (110–140 days of life). For this, we compared the speed propagation of cortical spreading depression in the occipital and parietal cortex of malnourished and well-nourished adult rats, previously suckled small-sized litters with three pups (L3/dam) medium-sized litters with six pups (L6/dam), and large-sized litters with twelve pups (L12/dam). The CSD velocity was augmented by the ME in the contralateral side of the removed eye in the parietal and occipital cortex. These findings suggest that visual sensory input deprivation is associated with permanent functional changes in the visual pathways, which can alter cortical excitability and lead to modifications in CSD propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using SEM and LM, we examined nutlet samples at various stages, revealing stylopodium's structure. • Germination tests evaluated stylopodium's impact on seed germination under differing water conditions. • Study of five cyperoideae species, including those with both persistent and deciduous stylopodium, showed a consistent ontogenetic origin. • A revealed abscission layer in species with deciduous stylopodium, shed light on this unique trait. • Germination tests showed that persistent stylopodium potentially enhances seed germination, even in water challenges. The stylopodium is a reproductive feature found in the nutlet (fruit) of non-closely related Cyperoideae genera, with little known about its origin and function. We analyzed the stylopodium of Bulbostylis hirtella, Eleocharis sellowiana, Rhynchospora albiceps and R. sparsiflora (with a persistent stylopodium), as well as Fimbristylis dichotoma (with a deciduous stylopodium) to investigate their development and anatomical structure, previous related to water supply. The role of this structure on seed germination was tested in E. sellowiana and F. dichotoma under varying water availability conditions. The results demonstrated that the origin of the stylopodium can be traced to the enlargement of the style base, composed of tracheoids with water-related characteristics. An abscission layer was identified in deciduous stylopodium. Eleocharis sellowiana exhibited significantly higher percentages and rates of seed germination in relation to F. dichotoma , even in challenging water conditions. These findings suggest a potential role of the stylopodium in promoting seed germination, particularly under low water supply. The study emphasizes the significance of considering both historical and current ecological contexts when discussing the function of the stylopodium. Moreover, it underscores the need for further research to fully understand the role of the stylopodium across diverse environments within Cyperoideae genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]