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Background: Spirituality is an important dimension of holistic nursing, and spiritual care is essential to ensure the achievement of optimal care in nursing profession. The aim of this study was to explain the obstacles to providing spiritual care from the perspective of nurses. Materials and Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted between November 2020 and June 2021 with a content analysis approach. Participants included 30 nurses, selected through purposive sampling, working in the general wards and intensive care units of Isfahan University hospitals. Data collection method was semi-structured personal interviews. After recording and transcription word by word, all data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. MAXQDA 11 was used for data analysis.Results: Research findings included 323 primary codes and two main categories "individual barriers and organizational barriers" and eight subcategories "non-compliance with human resources standards, lack of attention of organizational managers to the importance of holistic care, motivational barriers, training barriers, barriers to interprofessional collaboration, environmental barriers, barriers related to the nurses, and communication barriers."Conclusions: Using the results of the study, policymakers and nursing managers will be able to help facilitate spiritual care, and ultimately, improve the quality of nursing care by improving the infrastructure and removing existing barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basic ethics theories are the unfailing philosophical foundations and thoughts that formulate the origin of stable ethical principles. Regard to the effect of ethics on medical decisions, it is indispensable to explore these foundations in order to compile the principles of medical ethics. The aim of this research was to identify a framework for presenting the applied ethical principles in medicine. Methods: We reviewed resources of Muslim authorities and Western philosophical-ethical resources on the philosophical, ethical, juratory and interpretive issues. Through this exploration, the conformable viewpoints to medical ethics were clarified, described and analyzed by virtue of their content. Findings: Four ethical principles were obtained according to the Western perspective on the fundamentals and theories of basic ethics: "beneficence", "non-maleficence", "autonomy" and "justice" considered as the criteria for action in medical decision-making. According to the Islamic perspective, 8 ethical principles were obtained: "reliance", "piety", "respecting and dignity of patients", "attracting profit", "disposing the probable harm", "authority", "justice" and "charity", among which, some has become influential on decision-making and some has become the criteria for adopting any measure in medicine. Conclusion: We found two basic differences between the Islamic and the non-Islamic ethical principles looking at the medical ethics principles: by virtue of basis or content. Hence, it is necessary to apply Islamic ethical principles that are taken from the Islamic ideology, juratory and philosophy in our healthcare centers as the Western countries in which their own ethical, philosophical and applied principles have been adopted and used in their healthcare centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]