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AbstractPurposeMethodResultConclusionThe current research aimed to determine the prevalence and the relationships between perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Spain. In addition, their perspectives and experiences related to their job were explored.A mixed methods research design was used with cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative methodology. Four hundred and thirty-eight SLPs completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Font Roja Job Satisfaction Questionnaire in order to report perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction, respectively. Ten SLPs participated in semi-structured interviews.With respect to stress, 61.6% of SLPs reported a moderate level of stress and 18.7% reported a high level of stress. With respect to burnout, only 7.56% of the participants met the criteria commonly used for its diagnosis. However, 45.2% of SLPs reported a high level of emotional exhaustion, and 52.7% expressed a low degree of personal accomplishment. Job satisfaction was average for 94% of SLPs and high for just 1% of participants. The level of job satisfaction was significantly related to job stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalisation. Qualitative content analyses produced themes and subthemes regarding work recognition, relationships with people in the workplace, work conditions, and job control.A noteworthy percentage of SLPs reported emotional exhaustion and reduced personal achievement. Findings suggest that strengthening job control and social support might become protective factors to avoid the full development of burnout, which should impact positively on an individual’s wellbeing and, in turn, the quality of the services provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors have the potential of modulating central processes in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, which can have relevant physiological consequences in aging and age‐related diseases. Here, we show that hepatic phospho‐active ACLY correlates with overweight and Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score in humans. Wild‐type mice treated chronically with the ACLY inhibitor potassium hydroxycitrate exhibited delayed early mortality. In AML12 hepatocyte cultures, the ACLY inhibitors potassium hydroxycitrate, SB‐204990, and bempedoic acid fostered lipid accumulation, which was also observed in the liver of healthy‐fed mice treated with potassium hydroxycitrate. Analysis of soleus tissue indicated that potassium hydroxycitrate produced the modulation of wound healing processes. In vivo, potassium hydroxycitrate modulated locomotor function toward increased wire hang performance and reduced rotarod performance in healthy‐fed mice, and improved locomotion in mice exposed to cardiotoxin‐induced muscle atrophy. Our findings implicate ACLY and ACLY inhibitors in different aspects of aging and muscle regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on wind speed characteristics is of interest for many disciplines from renewable energy to ecology. Whereas mean values and trends are commonly studied, less attentions is paid to the evaluation of other features such as low-wind conditions. However, there is no clear definition of "low-wind" on the literature. Here we propose the Beaufort scale to characterize low-wind values over Europe through a fixed threshold of 3.3 m/s ("light breeze" category). Climatological (1979–2018) assessment is performed using ERA5 reanalysis hourly data. The limited amount of observational stations indicate a 40-year averaged amount of around 3500 low-wind hours/year, comparable to the corresponding ERA5 reanalysis cells, which shows severe limitations over mountainous areas. The European domain features a strong north–south low-wind hours gradient. Remarkable patterns are obtained over coasts and complex orography regions. Seasonal low-wind variability range around 20–25% for most of the regions, and interannual coefficient of variability from 0.05 to 0.17. Oceanic regions present smaller low-wind values than land areas, with Atlantic and Mediterranean regions behaving differently. The largest annual spells (consecutive) hourly low-wind episodes are within the range from 5 to 10 days, (from 120 to 240 h) over many land areas. Annual mean hourly wind spells typically extend from 15 to 25 h, with more than 200 episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are attractive to nanomedicine researchers because of their safety, ease of production, resistance, and straightforward functionalization. In this paper, we developed and successfully purified a VNP derived from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a well-known plant pathogen, that exhibits a high affinity for immunoglobulins G (IgG) thanks to its functionalization with the Z domain of staphylococcal Protein A via gene fusion. We selected cetuximab as a model IgG to demonstrate the versatility of this novel TuMV VNP by developing a fluorescent nanoplatform to mark tumoral cells from the Cal33 line of a tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that fluorescent VNP–cetuximab bound selectively to Cal33 and was internalized, revealing the potential of this nanotool in cancer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: MELAS syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. We previously described that MELAS patients had increased CSF glutamate and decreased CSF glutamine levels and that oral glutamine supplementation restores these values. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) allows the in vivo evaluation of brain metabolism. We aimed to compare 1H-MRS of MELAS patients with controls, the 1H-MRS after glutamine supplementation in the MELAS group, and investigate the association between 1H-MRS and CSF lactate, glutamate, and glutamine levels. Methods: We conducted an observational case–control study and an open-label, single-cohort study with single-voxel MRS (TE 144/35 ms). We assessed the brain metabolism changes in the prefrontal (PFC) and parieto-occipital) cortex (POC) after oral glutamine supplementation in MELAS patients. MR spectra were analyzed with jMRUI software. Results: Nine patients with MELAS syndrome (35.8 ± 3.2 years) and nine sex- and age-matched controls were recruited. Lactate/creatine levels were increased in MELAS patients in both PFC and POC (0.40 ± 0.05 vs. 0, p < 0.001; 0.32 ± 0.03 vs. 0, p < 0.001, respectively). No differences were observed between groups in glutamate and glutamine (Glx/creatine), either in PFC (p = 0.930) or POC (p = 0.310). No differences were observed after glutamine supplementation. A positive correlation was found between CSF lactate and lactate/creatine only in POC (0.85, p = 0.003). Conclusion: No significant metabolite changes were observed in the brains of MELAS patients after glutamine supplementation. While we found a positive correlation between lactate levels in CSF and 1H-MRS in MELAS patients, we could not monitor treatment response over short periods with this tool. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04948138; initial release 24/06/2021; first patient enrolled on 1/07/2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04948138 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Financial debt during surgery residency can affect professional performance, life decisions, and psychological well-being. The information available in Colombia is limited. The objective of this study is to quantify the financial debt of the general surgery resident, identify the associated factors and evaluate their effect on psychological well-being. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 380 residents were invited to complete a survey on aspects related to their financial debt, and the WHO-index to evaluate their psychological well-being. Results. A total of 259 residents participated in the study (67.6%). 56% have an average economic debt of $88,000,000 COP (US$21,826). High debt was related to level of residence, type of institution (private), and loan application. Some mental disorder was identified in 14.7% and a low level of psychological well-being in 56.4% of the participants. No association was identified between high financial debt and low psychological well-being. Conclusions. Economic debt has an effect on residents. Financial debt among surgical residents in Colombia is highly prevalent; however, it does not correlate with poor psychological well-being. Self-determination favors psychological well-being in the postgraduate course in general surgery. Likewise, the need for financial education in residents is imminent. New studies are required that thoroughly evaluate the causes of poor well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are widely used MOFs because of certain characteristics, but also because they can be prepared at room temperature using water as the unique solvent. However, these a priori sustainable conditions inevitably entail a huge and somehow unusable excess of linker. Here, we present the formation of ZIFs at room temperature in water, starting from mixtures with a linker/metal ratio of two, that is, coinciding with the stoichiometry found in the final MOFs, in the presence of amines. ZIF-8 can be prepared with triethylamine (TEA), giving a yield of Zn of 96.6%. Other bases, like NaOH, tetraethylammonium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, do not lead to ZIF-8 under the same conditions. The so-obtained ZIF-8 contains TEA inside its cavities, making it less porous than its conventionally prepared counterparts. Amine can be removed by mild thermal treatments (200–250 °C). Such thermal treatments induce the generation of g-C3N4-like species which could give added value to these materials as potential photocatalysts, increasing their affinity to CO2, as proved in this work. This methodology can be successfully extended to other amines, like N,N-dicyclohexylmethylamine, as well as to other prepared ZIFs, like Co-based ZIF-67, isostructural to ZIF-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans often face the challenge of making decisions between ambiguous options. The level of ambiguity in decision-making has been linked to activity in the parietal cortex, but its exact computational role remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that the parietal cortex plays a causal role in computing ambiguous probabilities, we conducted consecutive fMRI and TMS-EEG studies. We found that participants assigned unknown probabilities to objective probabilities, elevating the uncertainty of their decisions. Parietal cortex activity correlated with the objective degree of ambiguity and with a process that underestimates the uncertainty during decision-making. Conversely, the midcingulate cortex (MCC) encodes prediction errors and increases its connectivity with the parietal cortex during outcome processing. Disruption of the parietal activity increased the uncertainty evaluation of the options, decreasing cingulate cortex oscillations during outcome evaluation and lateral frontal oscillations related to value ambiguous probability. These results provide evidence for a causal role of the parietal cortex in computing uncertainty during ambiguous decisions made by humans. Humans often face the challenge of making decisions between ambiguous options. The level of ambiguity in decision-making has been linked to activity in the parietal cortex, but what is its actual role? This study uses fMRI and TMS-EEG to show that the parietal cortex is causally involved in a computational processes that underestimate uncertainty during decision-making under ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineralogy, grain size and associated facies in bottom sediments of three reservoirs Riogrande II, La Fe and Porce II, differentiate three episodes related to the evolution of sedimentary environments, being located silty deposits (average episode) contact between clayey lacustrine facies (bottom episode) and sandy alluvial distal border (upper episode). In these reservoirs averages microcomponents data indicate the predominance three miacrofacies, inorganic, organic and organomineral. The combined analysis of the composition with the physical structure supports sediment sedimentary distinguish different areas reflect a process unselective sedimentation along the reservoir and cause certain spatial heterogeneity of this. In all cases the proportions were higher for the sands, silts and then to finally, for clays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The balance of materials in obtaining the G-0 intermediate product guarantees that the product is consistently produced and controlled. Objective: Carry out the material balances in the mechanical and thermal operations in obtaining the intermediate product G-0. Materials and Methods: The analysis of the input and output materials mass was conducted for the crude G-0 centrifugation systems, filtration of the suspension to be purified from crude G-0, and centrifugation and drying of the PI G-0. The composition was determined using available techniques and previous research work. For the calculation of the average results of the streams with the Microsoft Office Excel® program 25 batches produced in the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were taken into account. Results and Discussion: The material balances per batch in the obtaining of PI G-0 in the systems Centrifugation G-0 Crude, Centrifugation of PI G-0, Filtration and Drying allowed to know the real yield of the desired product for 14 moles of furfural and the losses in the residual streams and due to manufacturing. In the drying operation, the removal of water and wet and dry base solvent was quantified. Conclusions: The material balances in the mechanical and thermal operations of the process of obtaining the intermediate product G-0 allow assuring the consistency of the process. The tests carried out on the specifications: organoleptic characteristics, identification by UV VIS ultraphotometry, melting interval and purity of the product declare the conformity for its use in the production of Furvina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new alternatives for the protection of metallic heritage aims to improve the performance of the coatings used in recent decades. For this purpose, the performance of three novel or poorly explored coatings in this field of study has been evaluated: Owatrol Oil, TiO2-modified Paraloid B-72 and a hybrid of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), PEOX and poly(4-hydroxy styrene), PHS as a self-healing coating. These have been compared with coatings widely used in conservation such as: Paraloid B-72, Incralac and microcrystalline wax C80. The coatings were evaluated after accelerated ageing in terms of aesthetic changes (visual observation under stereomicroscope and colour measurements), protective ability (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and chemical stability (FTIR). After 500 h of exposure to Xenon-arc lamp, it was observed how the addition of TiO2 to Paraloid B-72 partially reduces photo-oxidation of the polymer, but at the same time harms the protective ability due to the appearance of defects. The self-healing coating is quite stable and can also regenerates superficial scratches of about 100 µm if subjected to 90% RH. On the other side, Owatrol demonstrated a very poor performance. These advantages and disadvantages in their use have been compared with those of B-72, Incralac and C80 microcrystalline wax, identifying in which cases their application for protection on scientific-technical artefacts may be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fear of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a predominant term in users’ perceptions of emerging AI technologies. Yet we have limited knowledge about how end users perceive different types of fear of AI (e.g., fear of artificial consciousness, fear of job replacement) and what affordances of AI technologies may induce such fears. We conducted a survey (N = 717) and found that while synchronicity generally helps reduce all types of fear of AI, perceived AI control increases all types of AI fear. We also found that perceived bandwidth was positively associated with fear of artificial consciousness, but negatively associated with fear of learning about AI, among other findings. Our study provides theoretical implications by adopting a multi-dimensional fear of AI framework and analyzing the unique effects of perceived affordances of AI applications on each type of fear. We also provide practical suggestions on how fear of AI might be reduced via user experience design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new alternatives for the protection of metallic heritage aims to improve the performance of the coatings used in recent decades. For this purpose, the performance of three novel or poorly explored coatings in this field of study has been evaluated: Owatrol Oil, TiO2-modified Paraloid B-72 and a hybrid of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), PEOX and poly(4-hydroxy styrene), PHS as a self-healing coating. These have been compared with coatings widely used in conservation such as: Paraloid B-72, Incralac and microcrystalline wax C80. The coatings were evaluated after accelerated ageing in terms of aesthetic changes (visual observation under stereomicroscope and colour measurements), protective ability (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and chemical stability (FTIR). After 500 h of exposure to Xenon-arc lamp, it was observed how the addition of TiO2 to Paraloid B-72 partially reduces photo-oxidation of the polymer, but at the same time harms the protective ability due to the appearance of defects. The self-healing coating is quite stable and can also regenerates superficial scratches of about 100 µm if subjected to 90% RH. On the other side, Owatrol demonstrated a very poor performance. These advantages and disadvantages in their use have been compared with those of B-72, Incralac and C80 microcrystalline wax, identifying in which cases their application for protection on scientific-technical artefacts may be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The state of art of research in protective coatings for metallic cultural heritage has been reviewed. • A wide selection of representative papers testing protective coatings has been summarized. • Data on substrate, application, weathering and examination procedures is presented. • This review is intended as a starting point for future studies and developments in metal protection. The study and development of protective coatings for metallic heritage is a topic of continuous research, with the main objective of ensuring the protection of the object for as long as possible. The limitations imposed by conservation and restoration criteria, together with the diversity of factors involved, make metal protection an unresolved subject. In addition to the nature of the protective coating, different factors can influence its effectiveness, which may mean that one type of protection performs well in a certain environment or on one type of metal and not on another. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of the coatings used in the conservation of metallic heritage from the last decades to the present day. Studies carried out on coatings of the different families according to their nature/composition (waxes, acrylic resins, nitrocellulose lacquers, fluoropolymers, carboxylates, organosilanes compounds and other coatings) have been reviewed, considering the substrate, application, weathering and examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials such as wood, textiles, or plastics that are part of the exhibition system in museums are known to emit pollutants such as organic acids. Scientific and technical objects that include these materials in their composition can themselves be a potential source of emissions, which, together with inappropriate humidity and temperature conditions, can lead to corrosion of the metallic parts. In this work, we have studied the corrosivity of different locations in two venues of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT). Coupons of the most representative metals from the collection were placed in different showcases and rooms for 9 months. The corrosion of the coupons has been evaluated in terms of the rate of mass gain, colour changes and characterisation of the corrosion products. The results were correlated to the relative humidity and concentration of gaseous pollutants to determine which metals are most susceptible to corrosion. The results show that metal artefacts exposed in showcases have a higher risk of corrosion than those exposed directly in the room, and that some pollutants are emitted by the artefacts. The corrosivity of the museum environment is low for copper, brass, and aluminium in most locations; however, some placements present a higher aggressivity for steel and lead, due to the high humidity and the presence of organic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of a standardised methodology for the application of coatings on heritage metals can lead to non-comparable results. A careful and meaningful study requires considering the different application variables involved, especially in the preparation of the coupons. In this work, the effect that these application variables can have on the protective capacity of the coatings used has been studied. The influence of the thickness, number of layers and drying time (between layers and final) of Paraloid B-72, C80 microcrystalline wax and Incralac has been evaluated. Coatings have been applied on bare steel coupons, thickness measured with an induction probe, and subject to artificial ageing on UV light/water condensation cycles. The performance of the coatings has been studied by visual inspection and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Morphology of the layers has been characterised by optical microscopy and the composition of the corrosion products by Raman spectroscopy. Results show that the number of layers is not always proportional to the final thickness of the coating, and that drying time is a critical factor affecting the thickness and the protective properties of the coatings. After accelerated ageing, some coatings that had been left to dry for 14 days have a much better protective capacity than those that were left to dry for less time. Without taking into account these factors, performance measured can be wrong and comparison between materials misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is a severe disease that may be biologically controlled by the use of hypovirulent strains, but the diversity of the pathogen population affects biocontrol feasibility. Villuercas–Ibores–Jara, the Jerte Valley and La Vera are the main chestnut production districts in Cáceres (central-western Spain). The purpose of this study is to determine the Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) and mating types in these districts and to identify hypovirulent isolates to be used in biological control. The VCGs were determined by the merging/barrage response; PCR tests were used for the mating type determination and CHV-1 hypovirus detection. In total, 40 sites were surveyed and 269 isolates were obtained, most of them (227) from the Villuercas–Ibores–Jara district, where EU11 was the predominant VCG (88.1%) with EU1 (6.6%) and EU12 (4.4%) being also present. In the Jerte Valley and La Vera, EU1 (61.9%), EU11 (11.9%) and EU12 (11.9%) were the predominant VCGs. Both mating types were detected (48% MAT-1; 50% MAT-2) and in general, only one mating type was found in each site. The presence of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1), subtype I, was identified in only one isolate (VCG EU11) from Villuercas–Ibores–Jara. The characteristics of the C. parasitica population in this district and the occurrence of CHV-1 hypovirus support the potential of successful biological control in Villuercas–Ibores–Jara using hypovirulent strains, while in the Jerte Valley and La Vera only preventive measures are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) and primary mitochondrial myopathies (PMMs) can present with ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, and limb weakness. Methods: Our method involved the description of three cases of CMS that were initially characterized as probable PMM. Results: All patients were male and presented with ptosis and/or external ophthalmoplegia at birth, with proximal muscle weakness and fatigue on physical exertion. After normal repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) studies performed on facial muscles, a muscle biopsy (at a median age of 9) was performed to rule out congenital myopathies. In all three cases, the biopsy findings (COX-negative fibers or respiratory chain defects) pointed to PMM. They were referred to our neuromuscular unit in adulthood to establish a genetic diagnosis. However, at this time, fatigability was evident in the physical exams and RNS in the spinal accessory nerve showed a decremental response in all cases. Targeted genetic studies revealed pathogenic variants in the MUSK, DOK7, and RAPSN genes. The median diagnostic delay was 29 years. Treatment resulted in functional improvement in all cases. Conclusions: Early identification of CMS is essential as medical treatment can provide clear benefits. Its diagnosis can be challenging due to phenotypic overlap with other debilitating disorders. Thus, a high index of suspicion is necessary to guide the diagnostic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has components with emulsifier properties that could affect the provision of substrates to the brain. We evaluated the effects of MFGM plus milk fat addition to infant formulas on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) availability and gut development. Methods: In Experiment 1, suckling piglets were divided into 3 groups: Group L1 (n = 8): fed with a vegetal fat formula with palm oil; L2 (n = 8): canola oil formula and L3 (n = 8): milk fat + canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM of total protein content). In Experiment 2, Group L4 (n = 7): fed with canola oil + 1% Lacprodan (3% MFGM) and Group L5 (n = 5): milk fat + canola oil + 2% Lacprodan (6% MFGM). All formulas contained 0.2% DHA and 0.2% arachidonic acid. Results: In Experiment 1, DHA was similar among the groups in both total fatty acids and plasma phospholipids (PL). However, 3% MFGM (L3) increased significantly the proportion of DHA and LC-PUFA n-3 in liver total fatty acids, jejunum, and also in jejunum PL respect to the other formulas. There were no changes in gut histology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, or brain DHA content. In Experiment 2, higher MFGM dose was used. Then, higher DHA was not only found in peripheral tissues of 6% MFGM (L5) piglets but also in plasma PL, while a similar trend was observed in cortex PL (p = 0.123). Conclusion: In conclusion, MFGM plus milk fat may increase DHA availability of infant formulas which could contribute to their beneficial health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results on the protective properties of different coatings over metals representative of those found in scientific–technical heritage collections. An examination of several objects in the collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology have allowed the identification of brass and steel as the most representative metals, and the existence of coatings (mainly shellac and acrylic resins) applied for aesthetic and/or conservation purposes. Based on these findings, brass and steel coupons coated with Paraloid B-44, B-48, B-67, B-72, Incralac, Cosmolloid H80, B-72 + H80 double layer and shellac have been studied to carry out a first screening in order to select the most promising candidates and determine the most appropriate methodology and key factors for the study. Coatings have been aged up to 336 h using cycles of UV light and water condensation. The change in the aspect of the coupons has been assessed via visual examination, optical microscopy and colorimetric measurements, with B-44 and Incralac showing the least change. EIS has been used for a quantitative evaluation of the protective properties and FTIR to measure chemical changes experienced by some coatings, such as B-48 and B-67. These evaluations allowed us to follow, understand and compare the behaviour of the different coatings and substrates after artificial ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the CORDEX project, an ensemble of regional climate simulations (RCMs) of high resolution on a 0.11° grid has been generated for Europe with the objective of improving the representation of regional to local‐scale atmospheric phenomena. However, such simulations are computationally expensive and do not always reveal added value. Here, a recently proposed metric (the distribution added value [DAV]) is used to determine the added value of all available EURO‐CORDEX high‐resolution simulations at 0.11° for daily mean wind speed compared to their respective coarser‐gridded 0.44° counterparts and their driving fields, hindcast and historical experiments. The analysis consists in comparing the degree of similarity between normalized wind probability density function (PDF) of simulations and observations. In addition, the use of a normalized PDF allows for a direct spatial comparison among the different regions and time periods. Results show that RCMs add value to their reanalysis or forcing global model, but the nature and magnitude of the improvement on the representation of wind speed may vary depending on the model, region and season. We found most RCMS at 0.11° to outperform models at the 0.44° resolution in terms of their quality in capturing the measured wind speed PDF. When looking at the upper tail of the wind speed PDF, the benefits of downscaling are generally larger. At the regional scale, added value is obtained for 0.11° with respect to 0.44° resolution for all subdomains studied, particularly over the Mediterranean, the Iberian Peninsula and the Alps. When analysing the added value dependence on altitude, runs at 0.11° models represent better the locations below 50 m and above 350 m of altitude, and the 0.44° increasingly under‐perform for higher altitudes. Overall, DAV are larger at 0.11° than at 0.44° resolution, due to a better performance of local‐scale feedbacks at high resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. There are no disease‐modifying therapies, and treatment remains mainly supportive. It has been shown previously that patients with MELAS syndrome have significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate and significantly decreased CSF glutamine levels compared to controls. Glutamine has many metabolic fates in neurons and astrocytes, and the glutamate–glutamine cycle couples with many metabolic pathways depending on cellular requirements. The aim was to compare CSF glutamate and glutamine levels before and after dietary glutamine supplementation. It is postulated that high‐dose oral glutamine supplementation could reduce the increase in glutamate levels. Method: This open‐label, single‐cohort study determined the safety and changes in glutamate and glutamine levels in CSF after 12 weeks of oral glutamine supplementation. Results: Nine adult patients with MELAS syndrome (66.7% females, mean age 35.8 ± 3.2 years) were included. After glutamine supplementation, CSF glutamate levels were significantly reduced (9.77 ± 1.21 vs. 18.48 ± 1.34 μmol/l, p < 0.001) and CSF glutamine levels were significantly increased (433.66 ± 15.31 vs. 336.31 ± 12.92 μmol/l, p = 0.002). A side effect observed in four of nine patients was a mild sensation of satiety. One patient developed mild and transient elevation of transaminases, and another patient was admitted for an epileptic status without stroke‐like episode. Discussion: This study demonstrates that high‐dose oral glutamine supplementation significantly reduces CSF glutamate and increases CSF glutamine levels in patients with MELAS syndrome. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications in these patients. Trial Registration Information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04948138. Initial release 24 June 2021, first patient enrolled 1 July 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04948138. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The La Bramadora wetland basin, located in the municipality of Sopetrán, Antioquia, Colombia, is subject to a torrential regime manifested through the formation of colluvium that accumulates in the lower parts of the slopes and the dragging of fine materials that go to the riverbeds and slowly to the wetland until it constitutes a 950-meter sequence of layers of clays and silts that are interspersed with peaty layers, microtephras, and paleosols. The average sedimentation rate (1cm/year) represents a period of accumulation by pluvial erosion, between 2022 and 1455 calendar years. This sedimentary record holds evidence of extreme precipitation events that could be correlated with volcanic explosions and/or with global and local climate changes that occurred on historical dates. The Au and S signal, the volcanic rock matrix fragments and the volcanic glass are related to the volcanic activities of Pinatubo in 1991, Quizapu in 1932, Tambora in 1815, Ruíz in 1805, Huaynaputina in 1600 and Ruíz in 1595. Others Geochemical variables show more relationship with precipitation (La Niña) and drought (El Niño) events registered in Colombia, in this period. The two coincident peaks in the S and Au curves, as well as the persistence in the sedimentation rate, were conclusive to define the stratigraphy in calendar time, and to specify the extreme events of precipitation and runoff in the basin; the first of S coincides with excesses in global rainfall in 1816, caused by the Tambora explosion in 1815, and its injections of S into the atmosphere; the second, with the explosion of Huaynaputina in 1600. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyze the relationship between experiences in enjoyment activities, self-concept clarity and the perception of a significant future in young people who are pursuing higher education during the covid-19 pandemic. Method: Participants: students (n = 228), of both sexes who were studying different higher-level careers in Buenos Aires. Instruments: Sociodemographic questionnaire. Possible Selves Questionnaire. Purpose in Life Scale for College Students. Self-concept clarity Scale. Scale of Enjoyment in Activity, Scale of Personal Achievement. Scale of Physical and Psychoemotional Indicators of Stress. Results: More than a half of the students (65,8 %) perceive great changes in their enjoyment activity during the quarantine, but these are not related to the perception of a significant future. Self-concept clarity predicts the probability of attaining possible desired selves and the pursuit of purpose in life. Clarity, positive affect, and self-actualization predict purpose in life identification. The variables studied are associated with fewer stress symptoms. Conclusion: The results show the need to favor these experiences, as well as the exploration of self-knowledge, values and interests, which promote the identification of goals, as a protective factor against the effects and consequences of the current context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to study the predictive power of enjoyment and personal fulfillment in alcohol consumption of young athletes, exploring the role of impulsive sensation seeking and gender in its relationship. Method. Participants: 362 young athletes (15 to 29 years old) from Argentina. Instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Scale of Enjoyment in Sport, Scale of Sense of Personal fulfillment, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Sensation Seeking Scale. Results. Athletes who consume alcohol infrequently have greater enjoyment and greater personal fulfillment compared to those who consume frequently. Among men, involvement, positive affect, and personal fulfillment predict the frequency of consumption, while among women only involvement was predictive. Likewise, involvement predicts a lower frequency of consumption and absence of episodic excessive consumption only in young people with low sensation seeking. Conclusions. Working to facilitate the enjoyment of sports could be one of the possible strategies to increase the positive effects of sports practice on alcohol consumption, although it is necessary to continue investigating the case of young people who present a high impulsive sensation seeking trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the MT-TL1 gene. The pathophysiology of neurological manifestations is still unclear, but neuronal hyperexcitability and neuron–astrocyte uncoupling have been suggested. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is linked to glucose oxidation and mitochondrial metabolism in astrocytes and neurons. Given the relevance of neuron–astrocyte metabolic coupling and astrocyte function regulating energetic metabolism, we aimed to assess glutamate and glutamine CSF levels in MELAS patients. Methods: This prospective observational case–control study determined glutamate and glutamine CSF levels in patients with MELAS syndrome and compared them with controls. The plasma and CSF levels of the remaining amino acids and lactate were also determined. Results: Nine adult patients with MELAS syndrome (66.7% females mean age 35.8 ± 3.2 years) and 19 controls (63.2% females mean age 42.7 ± 3.8 years) were included. The CSF glutamate levels were significantly higher in patients with MELAS than in controls (18.48 ± 1.34 vs. 5.31 ± 1.09 μmol/L, p < 0.001). Significantly lower glutamine concentrations in patients with MELAS than controls were shown in CSF (336.31 ± 12.92 vs. 407.06 ± 15.74 μmol/L, p = 0.017). Moreover, the CSF levels of alanine, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and lactate were significantly higher in patients with MELAS. Conclusions: Our results suggest the glutamate–glutamine cycle is altered probably due to metabolic imbalance, and as a result, the lactate–alanine and BCAA–glutamate cycles are upregulated. These findings might have therapeutic implications in MELAS syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield and fruit quality performances of Clemenrubi and Orogros mandarins were evaluated in the Mediterranean climate of Valencia, Spain, from 2009 to 2016. The cumulative yields and tree growth of both varieties' mandarins over this 8-year production period were lower in Clemenrubi. Fruit size was affected by the rootstock being the control rootstock (CC), which induced the smallest fruit, although yield efficiency and alternate bearing behaviour were not affected. Although C-35 was highlighted for delaying fruit maturity (lower RI and CI indices), no significant differences in TSS were obtained compared to the other rootstocks. CC also presented strong granulation disorder and C-35 the highest tree mortality. In conclusion, all the rootstocks for Clemenrubi and Orogros mandarins gave good fruit quality for fresh fruit markets in the eastern Mediterranean region. Nevertheless, long-term studies are needed to determine the exact effects of multibud galls on tree survival and the granulation problem on the CC fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• COVID-19 infection in patients who have undergone kidney transplant presents with a distinct inflammatory pattern. • Patients who have undergone kidney transplant have lower neutrophil counts and d -dimer and interleukin-6 levels but higher ferritin levels than those observed with non–COVID-19 pneumonia. • Lymphopenia is not a good marker of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in kidney transplantation recipients. The treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based on the patient's clinical status and levels of inflammatory biomarkers. The comparative activity of these biomarkers in kidney transplant (KT) patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and non–SARS-CoV-2 etiologies is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical presentation and inflammatory parameters at admission of KT patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and those with non–COVID-19 pneumonia over the same period. Biomarkers were measured and compared between KT patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 57) and non-COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 20) from March 2020 to March 2021. Both groups showed comparable demographics. The KT patients with COVID-19 had fewer neutrophils (6824 ± 5000 vs 8969 ± 4206; P =.09) than the non-COVID group, although there was no significant difference in the lymphocyte count. Non–COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with higher d -dimer (median, 921 [interquartile range (IQR), 495-1680] vs median, 2215 [IQR, 879-3934]; P = 0.09) and interleukin-6 (median, 35 [IQR, 20-128] vs median, 222 [IQR, 38-500]; P = 0.006) levels. The ferritin level was higher in the COVID-19 group (median, 809 [IQR, 442-1,330] vs median, 377 [IQR, 276-885]; P = 0.008). In multivariable analysis, only d -dimer (hazard ratio [HR], 1; 95% confidence interval [CI],1-1.002; P =.02) and ferritin (HR, 1; 95% CI, 0.9-0.9; P =.02) increase the statistic signification. COVID-19 pneumonia in KT patients shows a different presentation of inflammatory biomarkers than other non-COVID pneumonias. It could be useful to identify KT patients with COVID-19. More detailed studies are necessary to understand the presentation of biomarkers in KT with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding space–time features of wind speed is of high interest in meteorology and several applied sciences. Accurate wind speed measurements in combination with reliable gridded products, such as reanalyses, are needed to address the main characteristics of the wind field. Hourly 10 m wind speed from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) latest reanalysis (ERA5) is compared with HadISD wind observations from 245 stations across Europe. Averaged ERA5 hourly data is able to reproduce the annual cycle of monthly wind speed in Europe. ERA5 presents slightly larger (shorter) monthly medians in winter (summer) than observations. ERA5 is compared against observations for each station using a frequency distribution‐based score (score, from 0 to 1). Most of the stations exhibit hourly scores ranging from 0.8 to 0.9, indicating that ERA5 is able to reproduce the wind speed spectrum range, from light to strong relative frequencies, for any location over Europe. Ranges of mean values, variability, distribution function parameters and high or low wind thresholds frequencies are shown for this ensemble of European stations, allowing for an overall description of wind features. Generally, there is no clear relationship between scores and the variables analysed. The correlation and scores between ERA5 and HadISD is even further increased at longer time frequencies (6–24 hourly), together with centred root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and standard deviation decreases. Hourly wind data from ERA5 reanalysis is, despite some shortcomings, valuable information to perform further detailed studies with a regular spatial and time wind distribution, from the climatological or renewable energy perspectives, for example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of innovation systems depends, to a great extent, on the degree of public–private collaboration they involve. Thus, innovation policies often aim to enhance this collaboration through public–private partnerships. These partnerships are a multidimensional phenomenon whose success depends on factors related to each of their dimensions. This paper proposes the use of an analytical model that reflects the multidimensional nature of public–private partnerships and analyses to what extent they are applied in a specific innovation system in order to identify the territorial and sectorial factors that act as barriers or drivers to use them. This model aims to help policy makers design appropriate public–private partnerships in each context. The case under review is the Spanish innovation system, given that this system has been suffering from a structural lack of collaboration for several decades, despite the implementation of policies aimed to foster this. Thus, if the model works, it should be able to identify key factors that influence greater or more restricted use of the different PPP formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents user needs and preferences gathered prior to the development of an indoor remotely piloted air system. A literature review was carried out to analyse previous studies about the involvement of users in the design of indoor unmanned aerial vehicles. Subsequently, the results of these user needs obtained from three focus groups held in European countries (Belgium, Spain and United Kingdom) are presented here. Through a content analysis of the information obtained in the focus groups, 40 codes and 4 variables were defined and used to examine the differences between types of users and their previous experience with drones. The literature review gave support to the results obtained through users' involvement in the features to be included in a new unmanned aerial vehicle. Non-parametric tests and qualitative comparative analysis were used to analyse the information gathered in the focus groups. The results revealed few differences between artists working in creative industries and drone operators working for the creative industries. These differences affected features such as detecting and avoiding obstacles, which requires the inclusion of sensors. In addition, previous experience with drones was found to be a sufficient condition to explain greater concerns over safety, ethical and security issues in indoor environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney transplant (KT) is the best technique for renal replacement treatment in terms of survival, costs, and quality of life. Several factors have been related to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at different times after KT. The objectives of the study were to quantify the HRQOL in a prevalent cohort of KT patients and to describe the variables that influenced HRQOL. In this cross-sectional study of a cohort of 64 KT patients, we measured HRQOL using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Variables measured included the following: physical functioning, role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general perception of health, vitality, social functioning (SF), role emotional (RE), and mental health. Demographic and analytical variables were collected. We describe the variables that influenced HRQOL. A large dispersion was observed in the RP, BP, SF, and RE categories. There were no differences in values between men and women who underwent KT. Diabetes, previous dialysis, deceased donor, age, kidney function, anemia, and malnutrition were associated with worse scores. This study suggests that HRQOL in KT patients is very heterogeneous and highly polarized. The factors that influence HRQOL are multiple and need to be addressed globally. Further studies are needed to understand the factors that influence HRQOL in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to present the argentine adaptation and validation process of the Self-concept Clarity Scale for adolescents. For this purpose, three studies were conducted. In total 551 adolescents (13 to 19 years old and of both genders) from schools in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA). Study 1: It presents the linguistic adaptation and psychometric properties analysis of the scale (exploratory factor analysis and content validity). Study 2: It confirms the internal structure of the scale (confirmatory factor analysis). Study 3: It strengthens the construct validity by relating self-concept clarity with the possible selves of the adolescents. The results show that linguistic and conceptual adaptation of the scale has been achieved. At the same time, it has an adequate content, factorial and construct validity, and a good internal consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article was exploring the role of discursive and non-discursive symbolization - specifically gestures - in the negotiation of differences in couples´ interactions. Five married heterosexual couples were invited to hold a conversation about an unsolved problem in their relationship. A videographic analysis was carried out to explore gestures in dialogical sequences and Microgenetic Semiotic Analysis (ASM) was conducted. The results showed that gestures complemented verbal signs as semiotic devices in the regulation of meaning construction and differences in negotiation, displaying strategies for facing and avoiding conflict, as well as resources for undergoing tension dealing with personal objectives and emotional difficulties; Its role is discussed as preparation of the verbal communicative expression, as devices for self-regulation and access to tension relief. Further, the discussion addresses their function as paths for encounter, mutuality and closeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to find out what learning of a declarative nature has been acquired by students with intellectual disabilities after participating in a Physical Education program through the Service-Learning methodology, and also to assess their perception of the impact that the development of this program has had on their relationships with other students in the Faculty. Thirty-four students with intellectual disabilities who were studying the Promentor Program in the 2019/2020 academic year at the Autonomous University of Madrid participated. The information was collected through students' learning journals after each intervention and through assemblies at the end of each four months. The information was analyzed with MAXQDA v.2020 software. The results show that the curricular learning acquired specific to this area was related to the contents of water rescue, hockey and gymnastic skills and the transversal learning was related to teamwork and civic behavior. Learning that was useful for daily life was identified with the content of water rescue and first aid and, finally, the relationship with the university students in this experience was valued very positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between different family functioning types and the content, valence, and structure of adolescents' possible selves (PSs). Participants were adolescents (n = 392) of both genders (female = 54.9%) from private and catholic high schools in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina (age, M = 14.92, SD = 1.52). We performed a cluster analysis to explore family functioning profiles in terms of communication with parents, promotion of challenges, family cohesion, and flexibility. In order to study family functioning type and PSs content association, we performed a chi-squared test. To study family functioning type differences in PSs valence and structure we conducted a one-way MANOVA. The chi-squared test indicated that there was no significant association between family functioning type and adolescents' PSs spontaneous content. On the other hand, the MANOVA revealed the existence of significant differences in PSs valence between each type of family functioning group. In regard to the structure of PSs, there were no significant differences between family functioning types. In conclusion, adolescents who perceived positive family functioning have more positive PSs. Family functioning type was not related to PSs content and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dephosphorization of certain iron ores from two different countries, Brazil and Venezuela, was studied in percolation columns, using 0.6 M HCl as leaching agent. Additionally, the effect of a previous heat treatment performed at 900°C for 1 hour was studied. Minerals were characterized before leaching by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and porosimetry. In the remaining solutions, pH was measured and Fe and P were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively. The leached ores were chemically characterized by XRF. It was found that the dephosphorization was particularly effective in the case of the heat-treated ores, as a result of the structural changes registered which facilitated phosphorus leaching. The dephosphorization rate was 23 times higher in the Brazilian heat-treated ore and 262 times in the Venezuelan one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consultants' observation and understanding of relational patterns in couples therapy is a main therapeutic objective and a resource for change. The Conjoint Relational Drawing Process (CRDP) methodology uses a drawing technique to enable the display and efficient observation of relational patterns. It was designed to address the relational process in couples therapy. Two couples participated in making a conjoint drawing that was video‐recorded and later observed and analysed by the couple and the therapist and the researchers. The relational pattern descriptions and meaning attributions about the video‐recorded drawings were analysed in the therapeutic and research contexts. As a result, new perspectives regarding relational patterns and meaning attributions emerged, revealing modes of interaction that allowed new viewpoints about difficulties and ways forward. This approach for the clinical application of CRDP contributed to the evaluation and intervention in the couples' therapy, and enabled issues to be defined early in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise training in patients with HCM has evidenced benefits on functional capacity, cardiac function, and a reversion of adverse cardiac remodeling. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a concurrent resistance and cardiorespiratory training program on functional capacity, biochemical parameters, and echocardiographic variables in a pilot group. Methods: Two HCM patients were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of individualized concurrent training with two sessions/week. Pre- and post-training data were compared for each patient. Evaluations included a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), body composition, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and blood analysis. Results: Training promoted an increase in functional capacity (+4 mL·kg−1·min−1), ventilatory thresholds, and other CPET-derived variables associated with a better prognosis and long-term survival. Muscular mass was augmented (0.8 and 1.2 kg), along with a mean increase of 62% in upper and lower body strength. Echocardiographic features demonstrated the maintenance of cardiac function with signs of positive left ventricular remodeling and an improvement in diastolic function. Blood analyses, including cardiac troponins and NT-proBNP, displayed uneven changes in each patient, but the values fell into normal ranges in both cases. Conclusions: The available data suggest a positive effect of concurrent resistance and cardiorespiratory training on patients' functional capacity and cardiac function that may improve their functional class, quality of life, and long-term prognosis. The replication of this protocol in a larger cohort of patients is warranted to confirm these preliminary results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-dose oral glutamine supplementation reduces elevated glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome. Reply: High-dose oral glutamine can reduce cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes without a beneficial clinical or cerebral tissue effect We investigated the effect of high-dose oral glutamine supplementation on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate levels in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndrome as a preliminary study to assess biochemical changes and the safety of the intervention. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study is to compare the results of successful mergers in terms of ranking performance of the so called 'world-class' universities in a European Union context, with a view to identifying the challenges these universities face in their post-merger situation and strategies. After a content analysis, four themes emerged: crucial factors at the pre-merger phase to ensure a successful merger, the best actions to be performed at the merger phase to ensure a successful merger, the main challenges faced at the post-merger phase, and post-merger strategies in the last phase. Then, we analysed the institutional post-merger strategies to find differences between different mergers. Our research shows that in all cases there is a mix of various local and national/international factors that need to be analysed in the post-merger phase before a merger can be deemed to be 'successful' overall, and before the various dimensions of the global impact of the merger can be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abomasum ulcers are rare and quite unknown among small ruminants and, in general, in all ruminants. These are due to different causes such as diet, stress, changes in the gastric mucosa protection mechanisms, among others. This article reports the case of a female criollo-breed goat about 17 years old. It had an injury in the abdominal ventral region, between the navel and the xiphisternum. It also had an articular disease. As a diagnostic method, paraclinical tests were carried out such as blood count, stool test and X-ray. This led to a final diagnosis of a grade 3 abomasum ulcer and degenerative articular disease. The treatment consisted in penicillin sodium (22000 UI/kg for 5 days, every 12 hours), gentamicin (6 mg/kg for 3 days, every 24 hours), 4 doses of B complex (2 ml every 48 hours), Omeprazol (10 mg/kg every 12 hours for 15 days) and daily cleaning of the injury with saline for 15 days. The animal was discharged on day 20 with the injury fully closed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Synthesis of novel tripod-shaped p -phenylenes with thioacetate anchoring groups. • Optimization of conditions for tridentate self-assembly of the tripods onto Au(1 1 1) • XPS, NEXAFS spectroscopy and AFM characterization of the tripod monolayers. • Functionalization of the assembled tripods with a theophylline by click reaction. • Specific adsorption of streptavidin onto the tripod-engineered templates. Abstract We describe design and synthesis of novel tripod-shaped molecules that are potentially capable of monomolecular assembly on noble metal substrates, maintaining, due to their rigidity and specific geometry, the orientation of the functional arm in a perpendicular fashion with respect to the substrate. Using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, the ability of these molecules to form well-defined and densely packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(1 1 1) was demonstrated, with the majority of the molecules adsorbed in the predefined tripodal geometry, relying on the thiolate-gold anchors. The functionality of the respective monomolecular templates was proved by click reaction between the terminal alkyne groups of the monolayers and complementary azide-substituted substituent (theophylline), which served potentially as specific protein receptor. The resulting theophylline-terminated films were successfully tested for specific protein adsorption, verifying the validity and reliability of the presented concept, in terms of the tripod design and its "activation" by the click reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: parents' promotion of challenges is a resource for adolescents' positive development and, specifically, it can constitute a resource for adolescents who engage in a highcommitment activity such as elite sports. Objectives: the aim of this work is to present the psychometric properties of the Parents' Promotion of Challenges Scale in elite athletes and to evaluate the contribution of this variable in the optimal experience, or flow, of these adolescents. Method: a total of 276 adolescents aged between 11 and 19 years (M = 15.71; SD = 1.49) representing Argentinean national teams of different sports participated in the study. Fifty four percent (54%) were males (n = 149) and 46% were females (n = 127). The participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Parents' Promotion of Challenges Scale (EPDP), and the Flow State Scale for Adolescents. Results: the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Component of Variance Analysis and Generalizability Analysis showed adequate indicators of validity and reliability for the EPDP (GFI = .99; AGFI = .98; CFI = 1; RMSEA = 0.0; RMR = .06; SRMR = .06; relative G = .82; absolute G = .81). Parents' promotion of challenges contributes to the flow through the support dimension and it is only significant for women. Conclusions: this research provides an instrument for professionals working with adolescents and allows to contribute to promoting positive experiences in elite sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: in adolescence, multiple differences have been found in the way boys and girls perceive themselves. This leads to wondering about the way in which adolescents perceive themselves in the future, that is, the possible selves (PSs) that they can generate. Objective: to investigate the differences according to sex in the PSs of adolescents of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA). Method: the participants were adolescents (n = 392) of both sexes (women = 54.9%) who attended secondary schools in the CABA (M = 14.92, SD = 1.52). The adolescents completed an open-ended questionnaire in which they were asked to make a list of their PSs when they finish high school. A thematic content analysis of responses and a frequency count of categories were conducted. Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to study the differences in content, diversity and balance in the PSs according to sex. Results: the four categories of PSs most mentioned by boys and girls were study, work, profession, lifestyle, and family and loved ones. However, there were differences in the proportion in which males and females generated PSs in several domains. On the other hand, women had more diversity in the expected and desired PSs than men. No differences were found in the balance of the PSs. Conclusions: there is a correspondence between the domains of the PSs mentioned by boys and girls. However, women have a wider view of themselves in the future, and the domain of family and loved ones is still more prevalent in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of temporality in human encounters and specifically in amorous relationships is presented. The article aims to analyze subjective and experiential time, focusing on the relationships and the difficulties involved. A review of the theoretical and phenomenological understanding of temporality that gives rise to the Chronogenesis model is made. The authors describe time processing in a couple’s experience through an analysis of fictional literature and clinical vignettes. Moments of dialogue are addressed to focus on the relationship as an emergent process, the co-construction of the relationship, “weness,” and a sense of future possibilities in which the partners reposition and negotiate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drones face two main concerns: safety and security/privacy. Whilst safety has been broadly studied by literature, less research has been carried out into security/privacy. Moreover, current European regulations on drone flights apply to outdoor drones but not always to their indoor counterparts. However, several industrial sectors have started to use drones for indoor tasks such as surveillance, architecture, emergencies, and communication media. A qualitative study has been conducted in order to explore the concerns expressed by civil drone operators over the measures that manufacturers include in their products and information packages. Codes of conduct could also help these parties when there is no legal regulation that can be applied. We used content analysis as the method of analysis for three different sources: secondary data from a literature review and from public European documents, and primary data from focus groups. Results show that safety and security/privacy by design are seen as the best ethical measures, whilst codes of conduct could be used as complimentary information for professional users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]