Search

Background: Effective education is considered by the American Heart Association (AHA) as a vital variable in improving outcomes of cardiac arrest. Studies have shown that the level of knowledge and attitude of non-healthcare providers towards resuscitation training varies widely across the globe. While some training methods and barriers to training have been discussed, the literature is still quite vague and unclear regarding resuscitation training, particularly in the Middle East. This study's focus on the efficacy of resuscitation training in this region of the world may help dictate how to better implement education initiatives aimed towards non-healthcare providers in developing countries. Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies published from inception until March 2023. Observational studies assessing CPR knowledge and skills among non-healthcare workers in Arab countries were included. Data were extracted from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus. Data analysis was performed using Rstudio with a random effects model. Results: 50 studies were included in this review and meta-analysis, revealing that 55% of participants had prior knowledge of CPR, while only 28% considered their knowledge sufficient. The majority (76%) supported mandatory CPR training, and 86% were willing to attend training if offered. This study found that prior knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) varied among populations. This meta-analysis also compiled results regarding CPR technique defined by correct compression to ventilation ratio, compression depth, compression rate, location of chest compression, and correct sequence. The overall results from this meta-analysis showed that, of these factors, compression rate and depth were the two factors that were most often administered incorrectly. In all, the results from this study demonstrated that CPR training in Arab countries was favorably viewed overall, with the majority of participants indicating both support for mandatory CPR training and general willingness to attend training if offered the opportunity. Conclusion: Given the overall positive view and willingness to learn CPR skills, healthcare policy makers should adopt a more comprehensive focus on strategies that enhance the accessibility and opportunity for CPR training for non-healthcare populations in Arab countries. Future training programs should implement strategies to highlight the ideal combination of compression rates and depth to learners to ensure correct and efficacious delivery of CPR with increased focus on the practical portion during refresher courses to promote retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with an increased risk of microvascular complications. Thrombolytic protein therapy may help prevent these complications, but its efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the role of thrombolytic protein therapy in preventing microvascular complications in NIDDM patients through an integrated analysis of bioinformatics and clinical data. A retrospective cohort study design was utilized. Bioinformatics analysis included transcriptomic profiling, single-nucleotide polymorphism identification, and predictive modeling. Clinical parameters involving patient demographics, medical history, and lab results were collected and analyzed. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes related to microvascular complications, including ABCA1, MMP9, VEGFA, and FN1. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed associations with blood vessel development, extracellular matrix organization, inflammation, and angiogenesis pathways. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis identified genetic variants associated with complications. Predictive models achieved high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in forecasting individual thrombolytic therapy responses. Clinical data provided insights into population characteristics and comorbidities. The results provide evidence that thrombolytic protein therapy may help prevent microvascular complications in NIDDM patients by modulating molecular pathways and genetic risks. Bioinformatics-guided predictive modeling shows promise for personalized treatment. Further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize thrombolytic protein therapy approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes an experimental investigation of a conventional and improved solar still, both dual-tilt. The enhanced solar energy is coupled to a rotating hollow metal cylinder. The purpose of this study is to enhance the productivity of solar energy in the production of distilled water and reduce the production cost. The hollow cylinder enhanced the surface area needed for water to evaporate, while the thin layer of basin water in contact with the cylinder surfaces reduced the thickness of the layer of water to be heated. Adding an aluminium mesh layer to the surface of the rotating hollow cylinder caused the temperature of the basin water to rise, increasing the distilled water throughput from the still. This study included calculating the economic feasibility of the traditional and improved solar stills, as the cost of the traditional still is about 87 dinars to produce one litre, while the improved still costs 65 dinars to produce one litre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients must always communicate with their doctor for checking their health status. In recent years, wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) has an important contribution in Healthcare. In these applications, energy-efficient and secure routing is really critical because health data of individuals must be forwarded to the destination securely to avoid unauthorized access by malicious nodes. However, biosensors have limited resources, especially energy. Recently, energy-efficient solutions have been proposed. Nevertheless, designing lightweight security mechanisms has not been stated in many schemes. In this paper, we propose a secure routing approach based on the league championship algorithm (LCA) for wireless body sensor networks in healthcare. The purpose of this scheme is to create a tradeoff between energy consumption and security. Our approach involves two important algorithms: routing process and communication security. In the first algorithm, each cluster head node (CH) applies the league championship algorithm to choose the most suitable next-hop CH. The proposed fitness function includes parameters like distance from CHs to the sink node, remaining energy, and link quality. In the second algorithm, we employs a symmetric encryption strategy to build secure connection links within a cluster. Also, we utilize an asymmetric cryptography scheme for forming secure inter-cluster connections. Network simulator version 2 (NS2) is used to implement the proposed approach. The simulation results show that our method is efficient in terms of consumed energy and delay. In addition, our scheme has good throughput, high packet delivery rate, and low packet loss rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a comprehensive study is presented whereby genetic algorithm optimization (GAO) is used to find the best arrangement of three‐phase high‐voltage transmission line (TL) conductors, that minimizes emitted electric and magnetic fields (EMFs), maximizes power capacity, and avoids corona. Moreover, a financial cost study is conducted in order to show the feasibility of implementing such rearrangement, where construction costs are compared with the impact on a populated area in close proximity to the line. To facilitate applying the procedure of this paper, a detailed description of each step is provided. Both single circuit as well as double circuit transmission lines are considered, and bundled conductors are analyzed. To demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the mathematical formulation and MATLAB computer codes, computed results are compared with measured data where good agreement is observed. To show that using GAO for solving high voltage line problems is an alternative to other robust optimization techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), GAO solutions are compared with PSO solutions. The GAO results are also compared with the unoptimized results, where significant improvements can be seen. Since according to this algorithm, line conductors move freely throughout the solution space in an attempt to find the best solution, it is important to restrict this movement in order to adhere to the separation limits of the transmission line international standards IEC‐71. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the postcolonial concept of "writing back to the self" in relation to two novels authored by two female Arab novelists, namely Leila Aboulela's Minaret (2005) and Fadia Faqir's My Name is Salma(2008). After defining the concept of "writing back to the self" and drawing from the works of postcolonial writers such as Fanon, Said, Ashcroft, Hassan and Ghazoul, the paper argues that both authors emphasize "writing back to the self" in the sense of criticizing their communities, social system, and patriarchal traditions alike without ignoring to criticize the colonizer. Their works resist patriarchal system and male dominance. Faqir uses the following strategies of writing back to the self: (1) the use of the single female narrator; (3) the non-linear narration; (4) pregnancy; (5) women transforming into strong characters, enriching themselves, and relating to each other as source of solace and strength to each other. Yet Faqir's condemnation to Arab patriarchy is harsher. Aboulela is, however, able to find a solution to her own tragedy through a spiritual journey to Islam in which she finds safety and security. Although Faqir does not attack Islam per se as an oppressor, she does not defend it as a solution. The paper is a call for moving away from the endless and futile circle of 'writing' and 'writing back' in order to gaze into our own limitations toward improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A powder of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was synthesized in this study by anodizing in 0.7 M HClO4 and then annealing in N2 at 450 °C for 3 h to produce TiO2 NPs-N2 powder as a catalyst. These TiO2 NPs-N2 nanoparticles were then encrusted with Au nanoparticles utilizing the photodeposition procedure with tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and isopropanol as sacrificial donors. With a surface area of 121 m2g−1, the Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 powder catalyst has a high surface area, according to the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda technique. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, TiO2 NPs-N2 contained uniformly integrated Au nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of about 26.8 nm. The XRD patterns showed that the prepared Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 were crystallites and nano-sized. The transmission electron microscopy image revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and their tendency for agglomeration. Utilizing the cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical properties of the catalyst TiO2 NPs powders in a basic glucose solution were investigated. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the loaded Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 powder on the working electrode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose were astonishingly high. The Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 catalyst demonstrated electrocatalytic characteristics that were superior to a commercially available polycrystalline gold electrode in the application involving glucose alkaline fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Considering degradation effects in solder joint reliability via multistate modeling. • Considering multiple failure mechanisms for comprehensive reliability study. • Solder joint failure mechanisms analysis based on physics of failure. Investigating the impact of solder joint degradation in power semiconductors is crucial given their widespread use. Solder joints, being the weakest link, are prone to multiple failure mechanisms, exacerbating degradation under normal operation. This paper presents a novel approach for assessing solder joint degradation, particularly in electric vehicles, where severe thermal and vibration stresses are prevalent. Our method categorizes solder joint conditions into discrete states, from fully perfect to fully damaged, integrating both thermal and vibration-induced failures. By considering cumulative effects, our approach yields more precise reliability estimates. Moreover, it offers a versatile framework applicable across various failure scenarios and readily deployable in the design phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to the molecular diagnosis of yeasts isolated during the study. This study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory / College of Science - Kirkuk University, and included the isolation and diagnosis of yeasts that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women, and they were diagnosed by routine laboratory methods, and the diagnosis of yeasts was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. 200 urine samples were collected from pregnant women with urinary tract infection who attended the maternity, gynecological and children's hospital in Kirkuk governorate and their ages ranged between 17-43 years, in the period between November 2021 and until February 2022. The results showed that the sequencing was performed for the selected isolates and entered into the NCBI BLAST program to identify the similarity between them and the results in the global gene bank after obtaining the nucleotide sequence of the DNA package of the local isolates and comparing it with the sequences of the same region for some global and local Candida spp isolates registered in NCBI BLAST, where Candida albicans showed a match between 99.80 to 99.39 percent with the results in the gene bank, and Candida glabrata showed a match with the gene bank with a percentage of 99.85% to 98.82%, and for the type Pichia kudriavzevii (Candida krusei) it was 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• RaAOA AdBHHH is presented to extract the parameters of PV models considering the partial shading effects. • The PV model's equation is efficiently solved by newly designed Brandt-Hall-Hall-Hausman algorithm. • A hybrid methodology forecasts the output PV current using NR third-order convergence and adaptive LM damping parameter. • The negative effects of the D and M operators are modified by taking their complements. • Multi-search agents are proposed by using Covariance Matrix based Migration (CMM) method and LF tactic. Experimental data-oriented parameter extraction helps in giving an accurate assessment to forecast the output current of the photovoltaic cells. This may be very beneficial in the modeling, optimization, partial shading, and assessment of the PV systems both practically and conceptually. Attributed to the reason that hybrid techniques incorporate the advantages of two or more algorithms, they outperform stochastic methods in solving the given complex multi-dimensional and multi-model optimization problems. Many authors have proposed hybrid methods to improve precision, steadiness, and overall efficiency. However, most of the algorithms concentrate on the methodology in the literature, and little attention has been paid to the objective function formulation, leading to a theoretical void in this area of research. In this work, we present a robust adaptive Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm based on the adaptive damping Berndt-hall-hall-Hausman (RaAOA AdBHHH) approach to efficacity determine the parameters of the single, double, and three diode PV model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RaAOA AdBHHH approach successfully minimizes error to zero with rapid convergence, as determined by different statistical criteria and compared to experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized electrochemically by anodization of pure Ti sheet in 0.5% HF and annealed in N2 atmosphere to obtain (TiO2 NTs‐N2) and then the nickel was deposited on the support TiO2 NTs by immersing TiO2 NTs in mesoporous sol–gel template Ni nanoparticles method for overnight and then annealed in N2 atmosphere to obtain the electrocatalyst NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2. The physicochemical characterizations of NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The catalyst NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 was electrochemically characterized in a basic solution of methanol by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. XRD characterization indicates the presence of nickel oxide nanoparticles with a diameter less than 43 nm and regularly combined into TiO2 nanotubes. NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 catalyst exhibited a remarkably high electrocatalytic activity and has high electrocatalytic stability for methanol electrocatalytic oxidation reaction. The electrochemical studies showed that NiO NPs/TiO2 NTs‐N2 in alcoholic basic solution exhibited higher catalytic activity and stronger poisoning tolerance for methanol oxidation than that in nonalcoholic basic solution. This suggests that the NiO NPs catalyst supported on TiO2 NTs‐N2 has promising potential applications in electrocatalyst reactions. Nickel oxide supported on the conductive support TiO2 NTs‐N2 is used as an electrocatalyst in alkaline fuel cells. Results showed the best improvement in the physico‐chemical properties of these catalysts in comparison with previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having a good knowledge of the time and cost required to build a tunnel can be very important in reducing uncertainties related to the management of its construction. In this paper, using data obtained from the constructed parts of a tunnel, Gaussian process regression (GPR) method is developed to predict the time and cost of the nonconstructed parts. Finally, by comparing the results predicted by the GPR model with the actual ones, it was concluded that the developed GPR model has a high potential to reduce uncertainties related to the time and cost of tunnel construction. Also, the ability of GPR model to predict time and cost of tunnel construction was compared with two other methods of support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Finally, the GPR model was superior to the SVR and ANN methods in terms of prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have unique optical, electronic and catalytic properties. Dome-like gold (Au) NPs having a size as small as ∼ 1 6 nm and a high density of ∼ 1 0 1 1 cm − 2 were prepared by very high frequency (VHF) hydrogen (H 2) plasma-assisted radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) technique. The influence of RF power and sputtering time on the morphology and structure of islands-like Au nanostructures (NSs) were determined. Besides, optimum sputtering sample (OSS) was treated by VHF H2 plasma technique to fabricate dense Au NPs with great uniformity. Prepared samples were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). AFM images of the sputtering samples show a good density of islands-like Au NSs (∼ 1 0 1 0 cm − 2) with relatively homogeneous distribution. VHF H2 plasma treatment dependent alterations in the surface morphology of the OSS (shape, size, distribution, number density and average surface roughness) were clearly manifested in the AFM images. EDX spectra disclosed prominent Au peaks highly sensitive to the H2 plasma treatment. Our novel fabrication method may contribute to the development of Au NPs based nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct determination of shear wave velocity requires time, cost, and high accuracy due to the complexity of the rock texture. In current research statistical and intelligent approaches have been used to predict the shear wave velocity of rock samples. Also, a new correlation between dynamic and static rock properties was established and the shear wave velocity was estimated based on index tests using Gaussian process regression, multivariate linear regression, feedforward back-propagation artificial neural network, and K-nearest neighbor methods. In total, 120 data related to limestone and sandstone samples of the main projects were used for modeling. Water absorption, compressional wave velocity, and density were used as inputs. The outcomes revealed that the PW/SW ratio is equal to 1.69. Various statistics were used to check the method results. The statistical results showed that it is possible to forecast Ed, and SW with high accuracy. Also, the precision of the GPR was higher than the FBP-ANN, statistical analysis, and KNN. Estimation of SW by GPR showed R of 0.992, and RMSE of 0.06, respectively. These four methods were able to estimate the SW with a mean variation percentage of +0.19%. It's important to consider that these models are best suited for predicting SW when the predictor indicators fall within the same range as this study. • Geo-mechanical characteristics of the sedimentary rocks were measured. • A new relationship with high precision established between dynamic and static rock properties. • Vs using SR, MVLR, and algorithms of GPR, KNN, and FBP-ANN was predicted based on inputs. • All model hypotheses by MVLR and SR showed that it is possible to estimate Vs. • Results showed that the GPR has higher accuracy than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the impact of banking risk on electronic banking services in the Rafidain Bank and the Baghdad Bank. The study adopted the field survey method as a method of data collection and analysis. The sample included managers, their assistants, and the heads of departments who are at the decision-making site who were chosen intentionally, consisting of 43 people, including 25 from the Rafidain Bank and 18 from the Bank of Baghdad. A questionnaire was distributed to measure the study variables. The results show a significant impact of credit risk and liquidity risk on usability, benefits and cost reduction. Therefore, it is necessary to put in place mechanisms by the banks in question to help reduce risks, as these risks are the cause of many banking crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dorema aucheri gum (DAG) is a bitter flavonoid gum widely used for numerous medicinal purposes including wound recovery. The present work investigates the acute toxicity and wound‐healing effects of DAG in excisional skin injury in rats. Materials and methods: Sprague Dawley rats (24) were clustered into four groups, each rat had a full‐thickness excisional dorsal neck injury (2.00 cm) and addressed with 0.2 mL of the following treatments for 15 days: Group A (vehicle), rats addressed with normal saline; Group B, rats received intrasite gel; C and D, rats addressed with 250 and 500 mg/kg of DAG, respectively. Results: The results revealed the absence of any toxic signs in rats who received oral dosages of 2 and 5 g/kg of DAG. Wound healing was significantly accelerated following DAG treatments indicated by smaller open areas and higher wound contraction percentages compared to vehicle rats. Histological evaluation revealed higher fibroblast formation, collagen deposition, and noticeably lower inflammatory cell infiltration in granulated skin tissues of DAG‐addressed rats compared to vehicle rats. DAG treatment caused significant modulation of immunohistochemical proteins (decreased Bax and increased HSP 70) and inflammatory mediators (reduced TNF‐α, IL‐6, and magnified IL‐10), which were significantly varied compared to vehicle rats. Moreover, topical DAG treatment led to significant upregulation of the hydroxyproline (HDX) (collagen) and antioxidant content. At the same time, decreased the lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in healed tissues obtained from DAG‐treated rats. Conclusion: The present wound contraction by DAG might be linked with the modulatory effect of its phytochemicals (polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenolic) on the cellular mechanisms, which justify their folkloric use and provokes further investigation as therapeutic drug additives for wound contraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (S. brevicaulis) is an opportunistic pathogen causing both localized and systemic infections. Recent studies indicated DNA sequence variation among S. brevicaulis isolates from different clinical sources. In this study we aimed to isolate and diagnose S. brevicaulis from nail and skin samples of diabetic patients and investigate their phylogenetic diversity based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS) sequencing. Materials and Methods: Fifty nail and skin samples were collected from diabetic patients suffering from skin lesions. Conventional diagnostic methods were utilized to identify the bacterial and fungal isolates. Fungal DNA was extracted and ITS 1 region was amplified by PCR and sequenced using Sanger method. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using Clustal W and MEGA software. Finally, antifungal susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. Results: Based on the culture, microscopic evaluation, and biochemical tests, various types of bacteria and fungi were isolated. Among 50 nail and skin samples, 25 fungal isolates (50%) and 5 bacterial isolates (10%) were recovered. Interestingly, one of the fungal isolates was identified as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. This isolate was associated with a clinical case involving a 52-year-old male. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region showed our isolate (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis) closely matched and clustered in the same clade as those reported in the US, differing from those reported in Iraq (Basrah), Iran, and Turkey. Furthermore, our isolate exhibited a multi-drug resistance pattern against antifungal agents. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of identifying S. brevicaulis in diabetic patients due to its multi-drug resistance. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic divergence from the strains within the same country and other different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent conducting undoped and magnesium doped zinc oxide (MgZnO) thin films were deposited on glass and p-Si(100) substrates via atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method. Influence of varied Mg content (0, 2, 4 and 6 wt%) on the morphology, structure, optical and electrical behavior of the fabricated n-MgZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes were evaluated. AFM images of the film containing 6 wt% of Mg revealed dense columns-like morphology and fewer voids on the film's surface. Both the average surface roughness (from 91 ± 5 to 32 ± 2 nm) and the grain size (from 63.5 ± 3.2 to 29.0 ± 1.5 nm) of films were decreased with the increase in Mg content from 0 to 6 wt%. XRD patterns of the studied films showed the polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with preferred lattice orientation along the c -axis at x = 6 wt%. With increasing Mg content, the transmittance of the film was enhanced up to ∼85% accompanied by a blue-shift at the UV absorption edge and the band gap was widened from 3.22 to 3.46 eV. All the n-MgZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes exhibited clear rectification behavior (a real signature of the p-n junction diode) wherein the electrical parameters were sensitive to the doping concentration. Furthermore, the electrical traits of the diodes were significantly improved due to the inclusion of Mg2+ into the ZnO films. In terms of rectification performance, the diodes prepared at x ≥ 4 wt% were the best. The proposed controlled growth strategy may constitute a basis to realize high-performance nano-optoelectronic heterojunction devices. • APCVD method could produce high performance n-MgZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes. • Transmittance of transparent conducting ZnO films was increased with rising Mg content. • Rectification behavior of n-MgZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes was achieved. • Electrical parameters were sensitive to doping concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, The Grobner basis Gr of the Toric Ideal IA for 3 × n- contingency tables related with the Markov basis B introduced by Hussein S. MH, Abdulrahman H. M in 2018 is found. Also, the Grobner basis Gr is a reduced and universal Grobner basis are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel catalyst-free synthesis of hierarchical zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) by atmospheric pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) technique and the impact of different oxygen (O 2) flow rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 mL/min) on the optical behavior, crystalline structure, emission response, and surface morphology of the prepared samples were studied in detail. The hierarchical ZnO NWs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) measurements. The physical characteristics of the samples were found to be intensely influenced by the O 2 flow rate. UV–Vis spectrophotometer measurements indicated that the optical energy gap (E g) of the samples varies from 3.24 eV to 3.10 eV with regulating O 2 flow rates from 25 to 100 mL/min. XRD analyses confirmed that all the prepared samples were polycrystalline in nature with hexagonal wurtzite-type crystal structure and a strong preferential direction along the (002) plane. Photoluminescence results revealed that oxygen vacancies were the major defects causing the blue emissions. Besides, the higher flow rate of O 2 (100 mL/min) was efficient in decreasing the number of oxygen vacancies accountable for wide visible emission band intensity. FESEM images demonstrated a high density of hierarchical ZnO NWs with diameters ranging from 33 ± 2 nm to 88 ± 5 nm. Based on the FESEM observations, the potential growth mechanism of the hierarchical ZnO NWs was a vapor-solid (VS) process. Our simple systematic process for growth and characterization may provide toward the development of the hierarchical ZnO NWs-based gas sensors. • Hierarchical ZnO NWs were grown by a facile TCVD technique. • Transmittance increased as the O 2 flow rate increased. • Structural parameters were sensitive to the O 2 flow rate. • A higher flow rate can suppress the intensity of the PL spectra. • The hierarchical morphology was realized by regulating the O 2 flow rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, flat plate solar collectors (FPSC) were studied due to their simplicity, low maintenance, and cost-effectiveness. The study focused on comparing FPSC thermal performance using CuO/H2O nanofluids. Experiments were conducted over three months during the Iraqi weather conditions (January, February, and March) with carefully selected nanoparticle concentrations. Data was collected from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M., using various mass flow rates (ranging from 0.003 to 0.076 kg/s). Results showed a direct correlation between temperature and nanoparticle concentrations, with the highest outlet temperature (50 °C) observed at 3 P.M. for 1% CuO-water nanofluid. Notably, at 1 P.M. in March, the 1% CuO-water nanofluid exhibited a 32% increase in collector thermal efficiency, surpassing pure water by 11.3%. This would improve the performance of FPSC by achieving higher efficiency increments. These improvements were attributed to the unique physical properties of nanoparticles, their increased surface area, and higher thermal conductivity. The study determined that the optimum nanofluid concentration for superior collector efficiency was 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated burden is challenging to the field of medicine to eradicate or avoid it. Even though a number of S. aureus biofilm mechanisms understood and established the possible ways of biofilm formation but, still need to know more and require a development of new therapeutic strategies. In this viewpoint, we discuss the underlining biofilm mechanism, its existing systems as active therapeutic agents and as vehicles to transport drugs to the site of infection. The step-back in drug development is due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. The understanding of bacteria/biofilms is an aspect that we likewise summarize for possible drug development for future as medicine against resistant S. aureus was viewed. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major human pathogen cause's mild superficial infections to severe life-threatening invasive infections. •The biofilm play an important role in antibiotic drug resistance which leads to public threat globally. •In this viewpoint, we discuss the underlining biofilm mechanism, its existing systems as active therapeutic agents and as vehicles to transport drugs to the site of infection. •The understanding of bacteria/biofilms is an aspect that we likewise summarize for possible drug development for future as medicine against resistant S. aureus was viewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on modeling the solid oxide fuel cell power plant combined with an absorption-ejection refrigeration cycle. First, a comparison is made between the absorption chiller refrigeration cycle and the absorption-ejection chiller to connect the superior cycle to the solid oxide fuel cell as an auxiliary cycle. Then, the solid oxide fuel cell cycle, the combustion of the output product, the heat recovery unit combined with the refrigeration cycle, and freshwater production are modeled. Next, the sensitivity analysis is presented in order to study the effect of the design parameters on objective functions, which simplifies the justification of the optimization results based on the genetic algorithm. In order to perform optimization, machine learning methods have been employed to reduce computational time and cost. The optimization of this cycle shows that the exergy efficiency is enhanced up to 68%, whereas the overall cost rate is in within 9.7–10.4 dollars per hour. • An integrated gSOFC cycle power plant is proposed, modeled, and designed. • A parametric study is conducted to study the effect of design variables. • Using ejector absorption chiller to increase the efficiency. • Optimal design is performed through a multi-objective optimization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass-derived power generation presents various potential benefits compared to conventional fossil fuel-based power generation. Also, efficient integration of energy systems leads to higher sustainability and effectiveness. This paper presents a biomass-fueled energy system with two open and closed Brayton cycles in the waste heat, of which a humidification and dehumidification system is implemented. The usage of four different biomasses as the fuel of the gasifier is tested and put to comparison from the aspects of thermodynamics, economics, and environment. The Grassman diagram for each layout is presented to signpost the exact point of highest exergy destruction and irreversibility. The optimization based on machine learning techniques is conducted to pinpoint the exact optimum operational conditions. The results indicate that wood offers more sustainability compared to other biomasses, and the amount of energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and freshwater flow rate produced for Wood biomass in the proposed system are 75.81 %, 36.98 %, and 0.4091 kg/s, respectively. Also, two optimization scenarios have been done for this study. In the initial optimal solution finding, effectivness, unit product cost, and carbon dioxide emission index are equal to 45.9 %, 12.6 $/GJ, and 0.7161 kg/kWh, correspondingly. In the latter scenario, the effectiveness, net power production, and production unit cost of products are equal to 45.9 %, 6580 kW, and 12.61 $/GJ, respectively. • A novel Tri-generation system based on supercritical CO 2 cycle and HDH cycle. • Energy, exergy, techno-economic, and environmental analyses are carried out. • Multi-objective optimization using Machine learning Algorithms is done. • Maximum exergy efficiency is obtained to be 40.39 % for MSW. • The minimum production unit cost of products is obtained to be 14.06 $/GJ for MSW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoplastic metastasis is a major process where tumor cells migrate from the primary tumor and colonize at other parts of our body to form secondary tumor. Cancer incidences are rising and novel anti-neoplastic compounds with new mechanism of actions are essential for preventing cancer related deaths. In the current examination, a novel series of pyridazine analogues 6a-l was synthesized and evaluated against metastatic neoplastic cells. Experimental data postulated compound 6j has potential cytotoxic efficacy with prolonged activity against various cancer cells, including A549, HepG2, A498, CaSki and SiHa cells. Moreover, compound 6j arrests the A549 migration and invasions markedly by counteracting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions. Also, compound 6j proved its potentiality against Dalton’s solid lymphoma progression in-vivo by abridging MVD and MMP expressions. Compound 6j interacts with MMP-2 and MMP-9 by H- bond in-silico, thereby down regulates the MMPs action in tumourigenesis. Altogether, we concluded that compound 6j down regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 and thereby impairs metastatic cancer cell migration and invasions which can be translated into a potent anti-neoplastic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GCAOA is applied for parameter extraction of the TD PV model to predict the output current of the PV model. • Non-dominated multi-objective principle is proposed for constructing sets of Pareto optimal solutions using three conflicting objectives. • A new integration based on MOO and MCDM aided by numerical methods are considered to choose the most desirable configuration. • MODA based on AHP-VICKOR-GDM method is used for validation of the proposed method. • Performance of optimum designs are evaluated using hourly meteorological data for one year. This paper presents a new optimum design for an off-grid hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and battery storage system for power isolated dwellings in Malaysia and South Africa. Selecting a desirable design of the WT/PV/Battery system among a wide variety of configurations, particularly at a favorable level of reliability, lowering the total cost, and reducing the surplus energy, remains a challenging task. The procedure of this work is summarized as follows: First, the parameter of the three diode PV model is optimally extracted from datasheet information to forecast the output power of the Yingli PV module. Then, the upper and lower variables bounds of the WT/PV/Battery system are intuitively determined. Afterward, the numerical method is employed to identify every possible configurations inside the design space. The non-dominated multi-objective principle is then established to generate optimal sets of Pareto front solutions. Finally, an integration of the best worst method, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, and group decision making technique are employed to weight the objectives with complete consistency ratios and rank the optimal designs based on practical judgments. The performance results showed that the optimal designs are comprised of 1 WTs, 105 PV modules (21 in series and 5 in parallel), and 69 storage batteries with zero loss of load probability (LLP), 60185.47 ($) of life cycle cost (LCC), and 13548017.77 KWh of excess energy for Malaysian scenario. While the optimum configuration of the South African case study consists of 16 WTs, 80 PV modules (20 in series and 4 in parallel), and 69 storage batteries with a favorable LLP values of 0.00068, 59180.15 ($) of LCC, and 19174160.54 ($) of excess energy, respectively. It can be concluded that the proposed methodology for finding appropriate size of the WT/PV/Battery system is capable of operating with extremely confident dependability while minimizing the overall cost of the system and minimizing the surplus energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving tunable growth of high quality Silicon (Si) nanoneedles (NNs) is challenging. We report the optimized morphology of in situ gold (Au) catalysts assisted SiNNs grown via very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) method. The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism mediated morphological evolution is tuned using hydrogen (H 2 ) and silane (SiH 4 ) gas flow. Au-coated Si(100) substrates are treated using H 2 plasma to create in situ Au nanoparticles (NPs) with high catalytic activity. FESEM images manifested the existence of mono-dispersed Au NPs and high yield of SiNNs having diameter ranging from 80 to 140 nm and lengths up to 2.31±0.3 µm. Furthermore, these NNs gradually became thinner to form sharp tips of diameter as small as 4 nm. XRD pattern confirmed the diamond (cubic) crystalline phases of SiNNs. HRTEM images revealed the occurrence of Au NPs at the crystalline SiNNs tips. Raman spectrum of as-grown SiNNs exhibited the TO phonon mode accompanied by a red-shift (~23.59 cm −1 ). Synthesized SiNNs displayed extremely low reflectance (~8%) at short wavelengths (λ<700 nm), indicating excellent antireflection properties. Our controllable and optimized growth method may constitute a basis to achieve high quality SiNN arrays, which are beneficial for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold (Au) catalysts assisted well-aligned silicon nanoneedles (SiNNs) are synthesized using very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) method. The tailored morphology and the optical reflectance of such NNs are inspected as a function of varying reactor pressure (200-800 mTorr). FESEM images revealed the growth of high density SiNNs with diameter ranging from 45 to 600 nm and length as much as 5.66 ± 0.2 μm. Overall morphology of these NNs are found to be highly sensitive to the pressure variation, where appreciably aligned thinner NNs are achieved at 600 mTorr pressure. The presence of globule at the NNs tip authenticated their VLS mechanism mediated growth. The reactor pressure sensitivity of the aspect ratio, lattice parameters, Raman modes, and reflectance are demonstrated. XRD patterns manifested SiNNs cubic crystalline phase with preferred orientation along (111) direction. The occurrence of NNs high crystallinity is further supported by the Raman and HRTEM data. The reflectance of SiNNs grown at 600 mTorr exhibited remarkable reduction (-6.3%) than those obtained at other pressures. This reactor pressure dependent significant modification in the physical properties of synthesized SiNNs may be prospective for the development of optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving highly aligned and dense silicon (Si) nanoneedles (NNs) is ever demanding for optoelectronics. We report the substrate temperature assisted Au-catalyzed SiNNs synthesis via very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) technique. The effects of varying substrate temperatures (350–550 °C) on the growth process are examined. The maximum density of SiNNs (∼10 NN/μm 2 ) is obtained at the optimum temperature of 550 °C. These NNs have diameters ranging from 38 to 87 nm and the lengths are extended up to 2.96 ± 0.09 μm. Furthermore, the sample prepared at 350 °C is totally devoid of any SiNNs. The axial NNs growth rate increased from 35.3 ± 2.3 nm/min (at 400 °C) to 138.8 ± 8.9 nm/min (at 550 °C). XRD analysis demonstrated the SiNNs cubic structure with preferred orientation along <111>. The NNs prepared at 550 °C displayed better crystallinity than those obtained at other temperatures. This enhanced crystallinity is further supported by Raman measurements. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed that these NNs are composed of crystalline Si core with an oxide shell. Sample grown at 400 °C revealed a reflectance of 28.642% in the visible region. However, the highly dense SiNNs grown at 550 °C showed a noticeable suppression in the reflectance (15.787%), indicating excellent anti-reflection attributes. The excellent features of the presented results suggest that our systematic method may constitute a basis for the temperature mediated tunable growth of SiNNs suitable for optoelectronics devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanometer sized silicon (Si) needles (nanowires) offer a vehicle for varieties of applications at nanoscale. We grow Si nanoneedles (SiNNs) using very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) method with distinct gold (Au) nanostructures (NSs) as catalyst. Au NSs in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) and continuous thin film are prepared on Si(1 0 0) substrates via radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Au catalyst size dependent surface morphology and structural features of these SiNNs are determined. Samples are characterized via imaging and spectroscopic measurements. Controlled growth of such SiNNs structure with reproducibility that is achieved via Au NPs size tunability is attributed to the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism. SiNNs with diameters between 20 and 120 nm and length up to 5 μm are acquired. SiNNs diameter is found to increase with the increase of Au NPs size. Processing parameters optimization is demonstrated to play a critical role in nucleating Au NPs and thereby achieving high density SiNNs morphology. X-ray diffraction patterns authenticated an enhanced SiNNs crystallinity with increasing catalyst size. Raman spectra of SiNNs revealed a red-shift (∼8.26 cm −1 ) in the first-order transversal band as the average diameter of NNs are decrease from 69 to 57 nm. Our systematic method for synthesis and characterization may contribute toward the development of SiNNs based optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper was mainly to select one of the three types of coatings for protection of steel used as reinforcement in composite pipes (thin steel shell covered by cement-mortar) subjected to chloride exposure. To achieve this target, an attempt was made to develop a simple methodology for evaluating the performance of corrosion protection measures in terms of chloride threshold level (CTL) and corrosion initiation time (TI). Design/methodology/approach -- Bare, epoxy, red oxide and zinc primer-coated steel strips were embedded in cement mortar with sand/cement and water/cement ratios of 2 and 0.5 (by mass), respectively, to prepare the specimens which were exposed to chloride solution having a high concentration of 10 per cent NaCl. For determining the amounts of the water-soluble chloride diffused inside the specimens, powdered samples of mortar were collected from two different depths from the exposed surface of specimens on completion of each of the four different exposure times. The corrosion current densities were determined at two different stages. A step-by-step procedure for calculating CTL and TI using the measured chloride contents and corrosion current densities was established with the help of relevant information available in the literature. Findings -- Based on the comparison of the values of CTL and TI calculated for bare steel and steel with all three types of coatings, utilizing the experimental data and the proposed calculation procedure, the epoxy-coated steel was found to have the best performance. Originality/value -- This research has resulted into development of a simple methodology for evaluation of the performance of protective measures against corrosion of steel embedded in mortar or concrete exposed to chloride-bearing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Performance of three types of coatings for steel plates against corrosion is evaluated. [•] Three experimental techniques related to chloride-induced corrosion were used in the study. [•] The results show that epoxy coating performed the best against chloride-induced corrosion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The main drawback of DC-source-based renewable energy sources (RESs), such as photovoltaic (PV) panels or fuel cells (FCs), is that the voltage generated by a panel or cell is less than the required voltage for connection to a DC–AC inverter for grid applications. In this paper, a single-switched DC–DC boost converter equipped with a quasi-impedance source inverter (QZSI) with a modified switching model is proposed to increase the output voltage of these RESs and convert it to a fixed AC grid voltage for loads. By changing the position of the inductor in a classic step-up converter and using a switched-inductor block, the input current ripple is significantly decreased, and the reliability and long-life of the input sources are increased, which is the main contribution of this work. The quality of the generated AC voltage and the low amount of total harmonic distortion (THD) in the projected topology are significant, and no overshoot and undershoot have been reported for both output voltages and currents under different operating conditions with variable loads. Theoretical analysis, simulation results, and comparison with similar topologies are examined and a prototype with a power of 200 to 400 watts is presented. Experimental results confirm the theoretical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately predicting rockburst in deep tunnels is paramount, as it ensures the utmost safety, minimizes costs and delays, and optimizes design and construction processes. In this paper, the efficacy of six machine learning (ML) methods was evaluated to forecast this phenomenon through the evaluation of ejection velocity (V max) and kinetic energy (K max) of failed rocks. The higher the values of V max and K max , the more favorable the conditions for rockburst. 300 datasets were generated in the Abaqus software for training and testing the ML models. Through a comprehensive analysis of the results, the potential of ML models to predict the rockburst was unequivocally affirmed. Both numerical simulations and ML models demonstrated that an elongated weak plane strategically positioned at a distance equivalent to the tunnel's radius from its perimeter and inclined at a precisely calculated angle of 45° exerted the most significant influence on the rockburst. • Employing a strong database obtained based on numerical simulations. • Uning six machine learning models to predict rockburst during tunnels construction. • Comparison of the models' behavior with practice. • Detailed analysis of the effect of weak structural planes on the rockburst hazard. • Providing a graphical user interface based on the machine learning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: A thorough evaluation is necessary for seizures caused by hypocalcemia, both during the patient's presentation and following their recovery from the postictal seizure episode. This is because the underlying cause of hypocalcemia must be ruled out in order to ensure the best possible clinical outcome from calcium and vitamin D therapy. Patients with multiple systemic issues, including neurological involvement and seizure development, are not uncommon among nephrologists. Both the central and peripheral neural systems can be impacted by kidney disease. The main symptoms are myopathy, cranial or peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and seizures. A 22‐year‐old female with an unusual medical history who had been known to have end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) for a year and regularly had CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) suffered from two episodes of tonic‐colonic seizures 2 weeks apart. On physical examination, symptoms of tongue biting, decreased vision in the left eye, and mild bilateral pulmonary air entry were notable. Upon examination, there was evidence of severe hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, a high renal profile (urea and creatinine), anemia, and a severe vitamin D deficiency. Her peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescription was reviewed, her seizures ceased, and she was released from the hospital after the hypocalcemia was treated with intravenous calcium and high doses of vitamin D. The issue of hypocalcemic seizures should be carefully evaluated both at the presentation and after the patient recovers from the postictal stage. By following this, seizure episodes can be prevented with good success if patients strictly adhere to the medication for which they are responsible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide and associated with the dietary and lifestyle factors. Aim: To determine the relation between some factors and development of BC in patients attending Minia Oncology centre and compare them with their control. Methods: Study included 100 BC patients attending Minia oncology centre and 100 control subjects matched by age and sex. Subjects participating in the study filled in a questionnaire including questions about socio-demographic data, medical history and dietary and lifestyle factors. Results: Our results showed that the most predictable risk factors were recurrent UTI infections (OR=7.6), followed by BC family history (OR=6.1), Urinary stones history (OR =5.04), Schistosomal infection history (OR =4.92), wait long hours to use toilet (OR =2.25), drink coffee (OR =1.32), smoking index (OR= 1.29) and soft drinks (OR=1.08) but protective factors were eating fruits (OR=0.77), drink high number of water cups/day (OR=0.78), drink milk (OR=0.82), eating vegetables (OR=0.88) and drink black tea (OR= 0.88). Conclusion: Dietary factors play an important role in development of BC and dietary modification should be encouraged and supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increased urinary complement activation products (CAPs) have been reported in proteinuric kidney diseases including DN. The changes of urinary CAPs, including C3a, C5a and C5b-9, were reported in patients at different stages of DN. Aim of work: To study the changes of urinary complement activation products C5a and their pathological significance in the development of DN and correlate urinary and tissue expression of C5a with histopathological stages of diabetic nephropathy. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted, consisted of 62 cases with Diabetic nephropathy (DN) attend at the Internal medicine department, Zagazig University Hospital in 6 months. All patients were subjected to full medical history. Periodic thorough clinical examination was done. Routine laboratory investigations were performed involving measurement of Human Complement fragment 5a (C5a) by using the renal biopsy specimen and the urine samples from patients with different stages of DN. Results: We found a statistically significant difference among different DN stages of the studied group regarding Ca5 marker, which markedly increased among cases of class III and IV. At cut-off value 81.8, the diagnostic performance of urinary Ca5 as a diagnostic predictor for severe diabetic nephropathy stages presented with sensitivity 80.6% and specificity 74.1% with 0.795area under ROC curve, 77.4% test accuracy. Conclusion and recommendations: In summary, by including patients at different stages of DN, the present study has provided a full view of the change of urinary CAPs in DN patients. As there is a close correlation of urinary CAPs with the severity of DN, the urinary CAPs might be used as a marker for clinicians to evaluate the severity and progression of the disease, especially for the injury of renal tubules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a 2-month-old jaundiced infant with a rare type of biliary atresia who appeared to have a choledochal cyst on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and ultrasound. Intra-operative findings were the only proof of biliary atresia. Following portoenterostomy, Liver Function Tests (LFTs) and bilirubin levels were returned within normal range and his jaundice was resolved. Any neonate presenting to a pediatric clinic with prolonged jaundice lasting more than two weeks, especially in cases of direct hyperbilirubinemia, must be thoroughly assessed and referred as early as possible for a pediatric surgical opinion to rule out the possibility of biliary atresia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiazole derivatives (6a and 6b) have been synthesized and characterised by 1H –13C NMR, as well as LC-MS spectra. The three-dimensional structures have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. 6a and 6b compounds have been crystallized in the Triclinic and the Orthorhombic systems with P-1 and Pbca space groups, respectively. Supramolecular structures revealed the stability of molecules with different intermolecular interactions and different crystal packing environment. Theoretical study by Density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional based on highest basis set 6–311++G(d,p) was employed to calculate the geometry and compared to the experimental data. The electronic structures and intramolecular charge transfers have been investigated by using natural population and natural bond orbital analysis (NBO). Further, DFT studies were performed to assess the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), energy gap, softness, hardness, and others chemical reactivity. Hirshfeld surface was investigated to distinguish the different interatomic contacts and understand the crystal packing of molecules with aid of energy frameworks through different intermolecular interaction energies based on the anisotropy of the topology. Nonlinear optical property (NLO) of the synthesized molecules were predicted by (DFT) and examined experimentally by using second harmonic generation (SHG) and revealed the importance of high NLO based on the nature of substituents and conformation. Thiazole derivatives were assessed for anti-inflammation activity by in silico molecular docking studies against COX-1 and COX-2 protein receptors revealed prominent interactions with active site and further molecular dynamics confirms the stability of the protein-ligand model. In vitro assay against cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme gave IC 50 values of 6a and 6b molecules with ortho -difluoro and para-methyl positions on benzoyl group, showed better inhibitor for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Image 1 • The structure of thiazole compounds are confirmed by single crystal XRD and investigated by Hirshfeld surface analyses. • NPA and NBO analysis revealed the nature of hydrogen bonds and intramolecular charge transfer based on the substituents. • NLO activity was confirmed by SHG and β values were discussed with effect of different substituents and conformation. • Docking and Molecular dynamics simulations performed to predict the COX enzyme inhibitor. • In vitro anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme has been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a certain class of analytic and multivalent functions with linear operator defined on unit. We obtained many geometric properties like, Coefficient's inequality, Distortion and Growth theorem, Radii of starlikeness and Neighborhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polyomavirus hominis1, also called BK virus (BKV) is a well-known etiological agent of renal transplant nephropathy and cystitis. Recently, it got great attention from the researcher as a principal predisposing factor for different kinds of cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, this study aims to determine the correlation between BKV infection and PCa through a descriptive case-control based study. Methods: A total of 55 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of patients with PCa and another 55 tissue blocks from BPH patients were obtained. In parallel, respective urine samples were collected from all the cases and controls. The existence of BKV large T antigen (LTAg) was analyzed by Direct Immunofluorescence assay. Only BKV LTAg positive specimens were further analyzed for the presence of viral DNA by using a conventional PCR then subjected to viral load quantitation by using Q-PCR. Result: BKV LTAg was identified in 30% (17/55) of cases tissue specimens and only in 7% (4/55) of the controls tissue specimens with P-value 0.002 and Odd ratio 5.7. The conventional PCR detects the BKV DNA in 16 out of 17 cases specimens while only two out of four controls specimens were identified with a viral DNA. The mean of the BKV DNA load was higher significantly among cases 6733 ± 6745 copies/ml when compared to controls 509.0 ± 792.9 copies/m with a p-value of 0.002. Conclusion: More BKV prevalence with high viral load was observed in PCa patients tissue compared to BPH specimens. PCa Gleason scores 9 and 7 were the most cancer grades identified with the presence of BKV DNA. Our findings are thus consistent with a significant link between the BKV infection and the PCa risk. Prostate or seminal fluids should be selected as principal specimens for future studies and can, therefore, be designated as screening samples to find early virus evidence in the prostate tissue. Detection of early virus evidence may help to reduce the risk of PCa cancer due to BKV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is widely expressed in a variety of mammalian cell types. Altered expression levels of the lncRNA NEAT1 have been reported in liver‐related disorders including cancer, fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatic ischemia. lncRNA NEAT1 mostly acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge various miRNAs (miRs) to regulate different functions. In regard to hepatic cancers, the elevated expression of NEAT1 has been reported to have a relation with the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. Furthermore, NEAT1 upregulation has contributed to the pathogenesis of other liver diseases such as fibrosis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which NEAT1 contributes to liver‐related disorders including acute liver failure, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, and liver carcinoma, providing novel insights and introducing NEAT1 as a potential therapeutic target in these diseases. Significance statement: The lncRNA NEAT1 has been identified as a significant contributor to liver‐related disorders. NEAT1 exerts its influence by regulating key signaling pathways such as neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch), wingless‐type MMTV integration site family (Wnt), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB), either directly or by acting as a sponge for various regulatory miRNAs (miRs). This comprehensive review aims to provide an up‐to‐date overview of the latest findings regarding the involvement of NEAT1 in the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases, encompassing acute liver failure, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, and liver carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emergency airway management in resource-limited settings presents multifaceted challenges due to shortages in essential medical resources, healthcare professionals, and infrastructure. Methods: We conducted a literature search using keywords "Emergency Airway Management" "Low Resource" "Africa" "Asia" from databases such as Pubmed, and Google Scholar, from where we extracted relevant literature for our study. Findings: These limitations resulted in delayed interventions, suboptimal care, and higher complication rates during intubation procedures. However, innovative solutions have emerged to address these challenges, including cost-effective airway management devices and training programs tailored for non-medical personnel. Capacity building and local empowerment are critical components of improving emergency airway management in these settings. Additionally, advocating for policy support and investment in healthcare infrastructure is essential to ensure access to essential equipment and adequate staffing. Collaboration and knowledge-sharing networks among healthcare professionals and organisations are pivotal in disseminating best practices and advancing healthcare delivery in resource-limited regions. Conclusion: Future efforts should focus on tailored training programs, rigorous research, innovative device development, telemedicine solutions, sustainable capacity building, and advocacy to enhance emergency airway management in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]