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This article proposes the concept of ‘chronopolitics’ as a heuristic for a kind of decolonial imagination in migration studies, one that insists on structural changes as opposed to those relational ones that dominate the field. The article argues that migration scholars should question the coloniality of key concepts they use in their work to understand how the ‘solutions’ they propose (re)embed a colonial world and view. Building on previous critiques of migration studies, the article proposes that a chronopolitical argument to decolonising migration studies reveals the intrinsic connectivity of temporal and geographical linkages, in order to relate migration research epistemologies to ontological problems. This can allow the migration discourse to move beyond the centre, to address the current ‘black burden’ of ambivalent academic positioning and predominant methodological and conceptual approaches to migration studies. In these ways, chronopolitics adds conceptually to an underexplored debate in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just before the First World War, the largest French shipping line operating in the Indo-Pacific, the Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes, reported that 44 percent of its personnel were non-Europeans. Made up of French colonial subjects and foreign citizens, this workforce hailed from across the layover ports of the empire's Indo-Pacific steamship highways. Portrayed by French labor leaders as strikebreaking scabs, and by the large shipping companies as docile peons, these "indigenous" seafarers were largely erased from French imperial and labor history before the First World War. Mobilizing archives from France, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam, especially ships' logs from the 1880s to the 1910s, this article reassesses the place of the French empire's Asian and African seafarers within an intensifying labor movement and an incipient imperial security state. Revisiting everything from mobile acts of outright rebellion to subtly assertive practices of placemaking, the article argues that indigenous seafarers had begun forging a disruptive politics of mobile labor well before the First World War. Their ability to wield power in the face of stigmatization and precarization, the article suggests, points to the underexplored tensions between the "New Imperial" French state and the subcontracted shipping lines on which it depended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have altered mobility flows worldwide and caused people to adopt new ways of being and moving in public space. These changes have been considerably pronounced across modes of public transportation. This paper explores the experiences of individuals who continued riding and working in public transport throughout the pandemic to yield insight into changing mobility meanings and grounded realities of urban mobility processes in the context of COVID-19 and beyond. Through the combined analysis of ethnographic fieldwork, participant observations and interviews, the paper unpacks lived experiences of riding and working in public transport in the city of Amsterdam during lockdown by addressing the changed nature of embodied encounters and mobile sociability in public transit. Findings denote that COVID-19 has altered the conditions of mobile sociability in spaces of public transport, and has produced complex experiences of daily travel with others involving mutually negative and positive impressions. As a result, we argue that when challenged by COVID-19 related restrictions, mobile sociability and fleeting encounters on the move significantly shape the experience of traveling with others in ways that call into question how we think of public transport as a social space in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of mobility in Canada's history can hardly be overstated. The built waterways, railways, and roadways that allowed for the movement of peoples, goods, and ideas within the country have long been considered cultural icons conveying collective ideas of Canadian identity. Yet, little has been written on the history of the modern construction machines that made this mobility infrastructure possible after Confederation, along with their designers, manufacturers, and operators. This article helps fill that gap by examining the technological development, manufacturing, and commercialization of earthmoving equipment in Canada (especially Ontario) in the 1860s-1920s, a period of great construction activity, including two of the world's largest civil engineering and earthmoving projects and one of the fastest-expanding road networks in North America. It discusses the role of the federal, provincial, and municipal governments in developing, adopting, and disseminating this technology, and their ultimate reliance on American manufacturers despite the National Policy's protectionism. This article supports the argument that technological development in Canada during the Second Industrial Revolution was continentally integrated in ways that involved technological dialogue with American companies, associations, and publications. While this manufacturing sector became dominated by American corporations by the First World War, the extent to and manner by which that happened varied depending on the type of machinery and the construction sectors in which they were used. The technological transition from steam-powered machines to electric, gasoline, and diesel motors and how it impacted Canadian manufacturers are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility can involve many barriers that make it challenging for individuals with disabilities to travel. When it is a child who has a disability, the whole family’s mobility practices can be affected by those barriers since families’ mobilities are often intertwined. This paper is based on time-use diaries and interviews with parents of wheelchair-using children living in Sweden. A time-geographical framework is used in the paper, especially focusing on the concept of coupling constraints, which can emerge when individuals need to be together to perform an activity, such as mobility. The main focus is on how coupling constraints between parents and the disabled child affect mobilities, but the findings show that couplings also exist with authorities and things and these can increase coupling constraints within the family. However, if being eligible for personal assistance and special transport service the coupling constraints within the family can decrease, indicating that such support systems are fundamental for these families’ mobilities. This paper also shows that time geography can be useful for disability studies and add new dimensions to the relational perspective on disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes the neglect of spatiality and materiality of international branch campuses in extant studies and challenges the predominant representation of transnational education students merely in terms of their corporeal immobility. Based on a case study of a UK international branch campus in China, this paper incorporates interview narratives and ethnographic observations to reveal the students' experiences and imaginations, and to delineate the unique texture of the spatiality of the campus. In examining the dynamic interrelations between imagination, materiality, and (im)mobility in transnational educational spaces, this paper highlights the students' imaginative process, in which spatial imagination and imaginative space (re)produce each other and are complicated by the various sources of power at play. The international branch campus thus functions as an infrastructure of im/mobilities, which is both locally embedded and transnationally connected; it enables students' imaginative mobilities, transforming them into 'imaginative travellers' who have never physically been abroad but whose being and belonging are constantly negotiated by their everyday experiences in a mobile educational space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the everyday dynamics of colonial rule to outline a novel way of understanding colonized–colonizer interactions. It conceives colonial management as a social field in which both the colonized and colonizers negotiate and exchange resources, despite their decidedly unequal positions within a racial hierarchy. Drawing their example from the West Bank, the authors argue that a Palestinian economic elite has proactively participated in the co-production of the colonial management of spatial mobility, a central component of Israeli colonial rule. The study employs interviews and document analysis to investigate how the nexus between Palestine's commercial-logistical needs and Israel's security complex induced large-scale Palestinian producers to exert agency and reorder commercial mobility. The authors describe and explain the evolution of a 'Door-to-Door' logistical arrangement, in which large-scale Palestinian traders participate in extending Israeli's system of spatial control in exchange for facilitating logistical mobility. This horizontal social encounter that entails pay-offs is conditioned, but not fully determined, by vertical relations of domination and subordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital nomads who reject traditional business models and sedentary life move independently from time and space. They are individuals who travel frequently to get to know new places, cultures and people, and conduct all their business digitally. Within the scope of the current research, a detailed literature review was conducted on the concept of digital nomads, and it was determined that the studies were addressed in a limited framework. The aim of this research is to explore the trends towards digital nomads, which are increasing in number today, as well as revealing the current and future importance of the community. The importance of the research is to make a unique contribution to the field in terms of discovering trends about the community from different perspectives such as motivations for becoming a digital nomad, destination preference criteria, advantages and disadvantages of being a digital nomad, and digital nomads' interactions with social media. In this study, which was designed as a qualitative research, semi-structured in-depth interviews and content analysis were used as data analysis tools. The data obtained were analyzed through MAXQDA, one of the qualitative analysis software programs. According to the findings, it was concluded that the participants defined the concept of digital nomad as temporal, spatial and financial freedom, and that digital nomadism only can be longterm with a sustainable business model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the case of the mobile preschool we focus on how children's prosthetic citizenship is constructed in relation to notions of mobility and place in the accounts of Swedish mobile preschool professionals. Mobile preschools are preschools in buses that visit different places in and around the city on an everyday basis. Analysis of interviews and workshop discussions with mobile preschool professionals shows how three different conceptualisations of children's 'proper' citizenship operate in parallel in these accounts – children as 'not-yet-citizens', children as 'not-here-citizens' and children as 'here-and-now-citizens'. These different conceptualisations are constructed in relation to the everyday mobility of the mobile preschool and notions of places as more or less beneficial for children's proper future and Swedish citizenship, and reveal how mobility is not only a consequence of citizenship relations but also constitutive of them. This paper contributes to knowledge on how mobility and notions of place constitute ideas on citizenship, and how forms and geographies of mobility produce subjects as more or less citizen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is an emphasis on fighting against poverty in sustainable development goals (SDGs), poverty is still a problem for both developing and developed countries because of its multi-dimensionality. Transport poverty is a statement of a loss or lack of transportation means to enable individuals and households to meet their basic needs and daily activities. Access to transportation, the affordability of transportation, and the increase in mobility are gaining importance, especially with the existence of vulnerable groups, in the fight against both poverty and social exclusion. The social, economic, and environmental contexts must be considered while assessing sustainable transportation. In this regard, transportation helps to ensure that climate treaties and targets for sustainable development can be successfully met. In order to combat climate change and protect the environment, transportation must enhance mobility while decreasing the release of greenhouse gases. Transport policies, which are inclusive and integrated with other social policy areas such as education and health, are instruments for increasing social participation, reducing vulnerabilities, and sustaining economic growth. In this study, the factors affecting transport poverty and its impact on social exclusion are evaluated through sustainability, mobility, and the fight against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Public' toilets are crucial to our social and geographical landscape, and access to them has become prominent in recent public and academic debates. Drawing on a qualitative study based on 25 daily diaries and follow-up interviews with people living with the common health condition irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), this paper explores toilet access through the lens of mundane mobilities. Planning journeys, mapping toilets, a reliance on commercial toilets and intersections with travel were key themes emerging from the study. Through the lens of IBS, we see how navigations of seemingly everyday mobilities are problematised through the bodily precarity of unpredictable symptoms intertwined with the availability, comfort and knowledge of 'public' toilets. This paper works at demonstrating the interdependency between everyday mobilities and toilet access. IBS offers a particularly useful insight in which the common but often hidden nature of the condition demonstrates the multiplicities of 'public' toilet access and how the unpredictability of access meets with, and is embodied, by those with the condition. This paper contributes to interdisciplinary toilet scholarship by engaging in mundane and embodied geographies and centralises toilets as a site of connection for those studying everyday mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illustrates how rural margins and urban-rural relations in southwest Tanzania join up with transnational trade routes for Chinese goods. It examines the trade of low-cost imported goods from China (plastic sandals, cheap jewellery, various fashion accessories, cheap clothing, etc.) that are widely spread in Tanzania, up into the peripheral countryside. By examining the concept of trade routes, the article contributes to the literature on urban-rural relations in African Studies and 'inconspicuous globalisation' by proposing a contrary perspective, where rural areas viewed as areas of consumption of imported products. It then rescales the globalization analysis by situating urban-rural relations at the heart of local and global interconnections. The article demonstrates that geographically peripheral places and actors have a capacity to influence the direction of the global trade route as they combine complementarities between the urban-rural continuum and topological continuity of networks from local to global. The global trade geography is profoundly influenced by what goes on in its inconspicuous tentacles in upcountry regions, such as the Uporoto Mountains, where the global trade route relies on the dynamism of local agriculture, which is increasingly merging with other livelihoods. This is exemplified by the complementarities between trade and agriculture in terms of livelihood, circulation of capital, urban-rural mobility, and links to global scales, which highlight the de-agrarianization process and the development of a mass consumption society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparatively cheap and mechanically accessible Chinese dakadaka diesel engines and their shotteur Z-drives have enabled wooden baleinières to significantly impact waterborne mobility, trade and transportation on the Congo River and its tributaries. While baleinières are artisanal watercraft made of local building materials, their engines are globally circulating technologies, which are able to unfold their economic, hydrodynamic and socio-technical affordances thanks to a number of local technical adaptations. On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork in Tshopo province (DR Congo) foregrounding the engines' use, the article discusses the adaptations the Chinese engines and their propulsion system undergo to enable a felicitous engagement of their intrinsic engineered forces with the muscular, natural, and social forces present in their local riverine habitat. While this entanglement of forces depends on the distributed character of collective onboard engine care, it also encourages the emergence of baleinière owners (armateurs) as a new group of local entrepreneurs. These insights help us understand why, despite frequent breakdowns, the engines and the boats they propel enable and democratize the access to new forms of connectivity and mobility for large parts of Congo's riverine and travelling urban populations. In a context of enduring economic precarity, the technical intervention of 'removing (the engine's) backward gear' (Li. kolongola marche arrière) is therefore also of metaphoric significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many urban policies and practices claim to offer an "alternative" to the "mainstream" of urban entrepreneurialism, they remain under‐theorised and prone to alignment with entrepreneurial agendas. In this paper I examine fare‐free public transport (FFPT) as a salient example of an alternative urban policy. Looking at Aubagne (France) and Tallinn (Estonia), I explore what happens when an alternative policy "comes to town". I detect how FFPT enters local urban regimes, and study the (non‐)participation of public transport passengers and workers in the decision‐making process about whether and how to abolish public transport fares. My analysis reveals that albeit alternative policies such as FFPT seem to oppose entrepreneurialism, they may hinge on urban regimes that span across institutions, leave the local configurations of power unchallenged, and strenghten local elites. The adaptability of alternatives to diverse political and intellectual positions explains their resilience. Consequently, their radical character cannot be taken for granted and remains an object of political struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the conversion to Islam as an initiatory experience that is part of the transnational mobility of young French people living in Quebec. Based on ethnographic data collected among young people adopting beliefs and practices related to Islam, I show that physical mobility sometimes acts as a trigger to make concrete a situation and an identification previously experienced in a vague or unassumed way. This mobility is based on mythscapes (Bell), that is specific representations of the countries of origin, the countries visited and the countries of destination, all being fed by fantasies, exoticism, desires but also angsts, and desires for an elsewhere. The study of a few cases suggests that this movement participates in the emergence of a subculture that the young people we met describe by using "inter" (interreligious, intersectional) narratives. These vignettes offer a glimpse of the multiple ways in which youth appropriate the resources and tools offered by globalization by embracing some mobile religious identifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosecurity restrictions regulate the types of materials that international travellers can bring into certain countries. Australia is well known in international travel cultures for stringent customs regulations and checks on all incoming passengers. This blanket approach to biosecurity governance implies that all materials, even banal personal possessions or luggage, pose a potential threat to the nation's biosecurity. This article explores how individuals prepare for and experience declaring personal belongings while migrating to and entering Australia. Drawing from interviews with recently arrived migrants on temporary visas, analysis of the required customs declaration card and government information, I highlight the inconsistencies of how materials, and the people who carry them, come under close scrutiny at the border. The findings show that the stringent surveillance of biosecurity perpetuates perceived risks and threats, relying on stereotypes of certain migrant and traveller profiles in the way biosecurity is promoted, monitored and enforced. Biosecurity manifests social, spatial, and material concerns in how it is performed and regulated, thereby transforming passive materials in a person's luggage into active threats to national security, further complicating the rigid governance of international mobility and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dès la fin des années 90, certains secteurs psychiatriques ont développé une démarche pro-active envers un public particulier : personnes en grande précarité et exclusion ET présentant une souffrance psychique nécessitant des soins spécialisés en psychiatrie. Cesdispositifs préfiguraient ce que deviendront plus tard les Équipes Mobiles Psychiatrie Précarité (EMPP). Faire accéder ce public aux soins et aider à leur maintien dans les soins devenait le pivot de leur activité. Au fil des décennies ces actions se sont précisées et venues combler les difficultés du Secteur Psychiatrique quant à l'accès aux soins de ce public. Population: L'acronyme « SDF » ne suffit plus à caractériser le public vers lequel se tourne les EMPP. En effet, peine supplémentaire, ces personnes doivent être porteuses de trouble psychique. Depuis une petite décennie ce public évolue, auquel viennent maintenant s'adjoindre les personnes migrantes, dont la souffrance psychique est apparue dans leur pays d'origine et/ou lors du parcours d'exil, voire même depuis leur arrivée sur le territoire national. Missions: En premier, aller à la rencontre des « SDF », psychotiques ou pas, afin d'accompagner un parcours d'accès aux soins ou un retour aux soins psychiatriques. Parallèlement, auprès des acteurs de première ligne, il s'agit de faciliter les liens avec les structures sociales ou médico-sociales venant appuyer, compléter, soutenir le projet de soin. Toujours auprès de ces acteurs, la mission des EMPP est d'intervenir en appui et en soutien aux structures d'accueil et d'hébergement. Fonctionnement: Les EMPP sont des équipes pluridisciplinaires composées de psychiatres, infirmiers, assistants de service social, psychologues... Une fois la personne en souffrance psychique signalée à l'équipe par les acteurs de première ligne, une visite à domicile pour sans domicile s'organise au plus près du patient (en rue, centre d'hébergement, accueil de jour...). Cette démarche d'aller vers permet une première rencontre, puis d'autres, afin d'évaluer la situation médicale, psychiatrique et sociale de la personne concernée et de la faire accéder aux soins les plus adaptés à son état. Les actions des EMPP s'effectuent aussi auprès des acteurs de première ligne visent à sensibiliser, informer et former à la souffrance psychique, à la psychiatrie en précarité. Des analyses de pratique et autres échanges d'appui et de soutien viennent compléter ces actions aidantes. Travail en réseau: Le réseau avec lequel travaillent les EMPP est particulièrement étendu dans la mesure où il concerne tous les acteurs de la Cité, des Communes, des Communautés de Communes, du territoire couvert par l'EMPP concernée. De fait, cela implique les Conseils Locaux de Santé Mentale (CLSM), les réseaux solidarité, les membres des veilles sociales, les coordinations de maraudes, d'une façon générale tous les acteurs de première ligne, tous les accueillants des structures, et bien sûr tous les Secteurs de psychiatrie. Dans les petites communes les partenaires se rencontrent assez facilement, mais cela s'avère plus complexe lorsque les territoires sont très étendus ou dans les mégapôles où le nombre de partenaires varie au gré des mouvements des structures d'accueil et d'hébergement. Nombre, durée et lieux d'intervention: Les EMPP n'ont pas vocation à augmenter en permanence leur file active mais représentent parfois pour les plus démunis une première rencontre et doivent plutôt assurer une noria, avec un accès aux soins de relais dans les structures de droit commun et, une fois allégées de ces missions, aller à la rencontre d'autres personnes. Chaque équivalent temps plein (ETP) de professionnel accompagne entre 50 et 80 personnes par an. L'activité est donc ETP dépendante. La durée est celle suffisante à l'accompagnement vers ces structures, parfois quelques heures, parfois quelques années... En principe les lieux d'intervention sont représentés par tout lieu de vie ne correspondant pas à un habitat personnel (rues, parcs, jardins, bois et forêts, squats, lieux d'accueils et d'hébergements, etc.). Tout lieu où le secteur de psychiatrie ne se déploie pas. Conclusion: Le maillon faible du Secteur psychiatrique est le soin aux plus démunis. Les EMPP tentent de combler ce manque. Les disparités géo-populationnelles entraînent une grande variabilité des acteurs et des actions. La force des EMPP réside dans leur souplesse, adaptabilité et proactivité. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[...] Leaving that house was really emotional ... because it's the ... that's the thing it's the boys' childhood and Grace's childhood all wrapped up in that house. Keywords: Material culture; mobility; anchor; home; moving house; storage; Cultura material; movilidad; ancla; hogar; mudanza; almacenamiento; Culture matérielle; mobilité; attache; foyer; déménagement; entreposage EN Material culture mobility anchor home moving house storage ES Cultura material movilidad ancla hogar mudanza almacenamiento FR Culture matérielle mobilité attache foyer déménagement entreposage 990 1006 17 09/09/22 20220901 NES 220901 Introduction Moving home is a significant moment experienced by most over the course of their life, and the practices of sorting through and packing household possessions in order to move and remake home are central to the experience. Gill's experience of moving house involved the stress of renovating their new house and was inflected by her changing family dynamics as her children grew up and the "family home" changed its meaning. Mobility, anchor, home, moving house, Material culture, storage. [Extracted from the article]

Les équipes mobiles de psychiatrie du sujet âgé (EMPSA) sont des équipes pluridisciplinaires spécialisées dans les pathologies psychiatriques des personnes âgées. Elles ont un rôle d'évaluation, de coordination et d'orientation. Elles se rendent à domicile ou en institution, afin de répondre à la difficulté d'accès aux soins, liée au manque de mobilité, à l'isolement, à la fragilité somatique et au risque de situations de rupture. Le maintien à domicile étant un enjeu majeur de santé publique, il est nécessaire « d'aller vers » afin de mieux coordonner le parcours de soins pour ces populations vulnérables. Population Les EMPSA interviennent auprès de personnes âgées, à partir de 60 ou 65 ans selon les équipes, qui présentent des problématiques psychiatriques diverses, généralement non prises en charge par leur secteur ou en rupture de soins. Les pathologies psychiatriques les plus fréquentes sont les dépressions, les troubles anxieux, les troubles psychotiques et bipolaires et les addictions. Les troubles neurocognitifs sont souvent intriqués ou comorbides, impactant de facto la maladie psychique, la collaboration avec les équipes mobiles de gériatrie est alors nécessaire. Missions Les missions des EMPSA s'articulent autour de 3 principaux axes : évaluer, orienter et coordonner. Ainsi, elles permettent de faciliter l'accès et la continuité des soins psychiatriques, d'initier des prises en charges ambulatoires, de favoriser les alternatives aux hospitalisations, de proposer une évaluation diagnostique et thérapeutique et une orientation vers des soins adaptés. Elles participent à la dynamique du travail en réseau avec les différents partenaires sociaux et médico-sociaux. Elles ont aussi un rôle d'acculturation au soin psychique et de formation des équipes avec lesquelles elles collaborent dans le champ de la psychiatrie du sujet âgé. Certaines équipes peuvent apporter du soutien aux aidants, sous la forme de psychoéducation ou de groupes de paroles. Fonctionnement Les équipes sont pluridisciplinaires, formées d'infirmiers, de psychiatres, parfois de psychologues, d'ergothérapeutes et d'assistants sociaux, afin d'enrichir les expertises et les compétences. Elles ne font pas partie du dispositif d'urgence psychiatrique, et proposentdes évaluations dans un délai variable, de quelques jours à 2 semaines. À l'issue d'une évaluation clinique et thérapeutique, une orientation est proposée (relais de suivi par le médecin traitant, suivi initialisé sur le CMP du secteur psychiatrique, coordination avec la filière gériatrique, liens avec les services sociaux, hospitalisations, etc.). Travail en réseau Les EMPSA participent au travail en réseau, dans un maillage cohérent sans se substituer aux dispositifs de soins ambulatoires (médecin traitant, soins infirmiers à domicile, réseaux de santé et DAC, etc.) ni à ceux des intervenants sociaux (travailleurs sociaux, services d'aides à domicile etc.). Elles s'intègrent aux réseaux des autres équipes mobiles (gériatriques, précarité, douleur et soins palliatifs, oncologique etc.). Nombre, durée et lieux d'intervention Le territoire d'intervention des EMPSA correspond en général à un bassin de population de 500 000 habitants, sachant qu'en France actuellement, les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus représentent 20% de la population. La durée du suivi est limitée, dans le temps ou dans le nombre d'intervention, et est variable en fonction des équipes et des moyens. Les visites se font à domicile, en établissements médico-sociaux ou en établissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées (EHPAD et résidences autonomie). Conclusion Les EMPSA peuvent constituer un maillon essentiel dans les soins proposés à la population âgée et se développer de façon cohérente pour un parcours de soins et de santé optimisé. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1970s, the New Zealand National Museum Te Papa Tongarewa has been issuing demands for the return of mummified Māori heads (toi moko) despoiled during colonisation. 'Objects' of many statuses and definitions, toi moko generate different representations and symbolise many cultural visions or practices. As a place and actor of restitutions, the museum is the central space of the dispute. As one of the poles of the decolonial process, the Te Papa Tongarewa Museum bears the claims of its population as well as the bicultural policy of the New Zealand state. Similarly, the Quai Branly-Jacques Chirac Museum exemplifies and territorial- ises, through the restitution ceremony of 23 January 2012, these returns that confront different perceptions of heritage. This article examines the ways in which these museum institutions bring together all of these parameters and actors in order to carry out the returns of Māori human remains to Aotearoa, allowing us to question this museum revival in a decolonial context of heritage and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines representations of polar cruise tourism in the Northwest Passage as climate change extends the geographic range of open waters and increases the number of ice-free days in the Canadian Arctic. It connects current cruise promotion to earlier exploration histories and investigates the paradoxes that arise in the drive to bear witness to climate change while accelerating its impacts through carbon-intensive travel. It also examines some of the ways that Franklin expedition tourism in particular is being used to reinforce claims of Canadian sovereignty over Arctic resources. Overall, the promotion of this kind of maritime tourism highlights many of the key fault lines between visitor expectations and geophysical and cultural realities in a changing North, raising doubts about whether expanded development of such tourism can succeed in creating climate change ambassadors. The article concludes that the potential for developing cross-cultural environmental justice solidarities depends in significant measure on the tourism industry's greater inclusion of Inuit perspectives that understand the Arctic not merely as a place to travel through, but as a homeland of earth, sea, and the shifting ice between. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, GaN p-i-n structure grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy was investigated by temperature-dependent current-voltage and electroluminescence (EL) measurements. It has been observed that the GaN p-i-n structure emits yellow light with a peak energy of 2.2 eV under 50 mA injection current corresponding to the space charge limited region at forward voltage. In addition, the electric field dependence of the mobility derived from the space-charged region was determined to be Poole-Frenkel and the thermal energy gap was calculated as 0.299 eV. This calculated energy range was supported by the results obtained from the EL measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on mental health geographies and housing has focused on pattern and distribution, rather than social and cultural constructions of home. Here we attempt to understand meanings and roles of home for individuals with mental illness in the UK within the context of a deep-seated housing crisis. The discussion is sharpened by the notion of the ambiguous home, ranging from a place for retreat, separation or even isolation from the world, with experiences of recovery, stability or wellness, to home as something more negative, in which distress or illness flourished, and in which people became entrapped or from which they sought relief. Three themes crosscut this range of experiences: home as material object; home as relational; and home as rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares current evidence for Mesolithic adaptations along the north Spanish coast from Galicia in the west to the Basque Country in the east. Significant questions and issues pertinent to Mesolithic research are reviewed, followed by a brief discussion of advances in method and theory over the past 25 years. Cantabria, País Vasco, and Galicia are compared with each other and en bloc with evidence from the middle Ebro over the 12-6 ka BP interval considered to bracket the transition between foraging and domestication economies. Marked differences in the time-space grid, geology, and the resolution of the data hinder these comparisons. A radiocarbon database totaling 610 dates is compiled, cleaned, filtered and analyzed for each region individually using summed calibrated date probability distribution (SPD) curves as a proxy for population density fluctuations over time. Regional curves are then compared with each other and with a global model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify and compare the potential of the mechanical permeability in the urban perimeter between the three major cities of the Wilaya of Oum el Bouaghi in Algeria, namely the city of Oum el Bouaghi, Ain M'lila, and Ain Beida, as part of the field reflection on urban and interurban mobility. For this purpose, we will rely the cartographic production and its description to reveal all the information inherent to the potential of mechanical permeability at entrance and inside the urban perimeters in question, such as the size and number of islets per square kilometer, the number of intersections per square kilometer, and the number of dead ends. Our study will conclude with an impartial assessment of the qualitative potential of the mechanical permeability of the urban perimeters investigated about the LEED certification standards (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). We'll then compare the results for each city to see if there are any mechanical permeability parallels or differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that our urban centres have been dominated by the private car for a hundred years, this paper asks what is next for Canadian cities. Previous research on the future of urban mobility, and specifically city planning and autonomous vehicles, has been from an American or Australian context. Working from a uniquely Canadian perspective, this paper fills a gap in the research by analyzing data from twenty-six semi-structured interviews with Canadian planning professionals from Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg and Toronto. The interviews discuss how Canadian planners are preparing for new technologies, including autonomous vehicles, and increased privatization. We recommend that large cities move forward with autonomous vehicle research with a goal of improving mobility for all, while ensuring a strong agreement framework with all for-profit mobility providers is in place that requires robust data sharing agreements and appropriate consultation with municipalities before, during, and after launching. Further, planners should further embrace the political realities of their positions and advocate for equitable mobility for all residents both in their day-to-day work and in public engagement settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a frame of reference allowing school organization leaders to adopt an integrated and coherent set of policies and strategies likely to intervene in the phenomenon of retention of school principals. This framework urges to think about retention in a sustainable and lifelong professional development. It is based on a review of literature which proposes a set of levers covering different areas relating to human resources management such as strategic planning, professional integration, training, supervision, exchange and mutual help networks and a two-way administrative and instructional digital information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People experiencing homelessness are simultaneously socially and physically mobile. Individuals move through periods of housing stability and houselessness and varying degrees of financial (in)stability, and between different geographic spaces. Research concerning homeless mobilities emphasizes moves within cities and reveals seven factors deserving attention: housing; labour markets; social, health, and justice services; personal health; the attributes of different places; interpersonal networks; and how mobility is socially differentiated. However, the extent to which these factors shape homelessness and inter‐regional mobilities is unclear. Addressing this gap, I explore 612 people's moves using data collected from five Canadian cities. By analyzing participants' inter‐regional moves over ten years, I identify ten themes of homeless inter‐regional mobility in Canada including: interpersonal networks, the attributes of different places, labour markets and personal finances, the use of movement for personal growth, health and social services, residential mobilities, legal and health institutions, substance abuse and dependence, personal security, and travel. I find that the structures, institutions, resources, and personal experiences that produce homelessness simultaneously push people between places. Amidst an increasing emphasis aimed at understanding homeless experiences in Canada, this paper provides an overview of the inter‐regional mobilities of people experiencing homelessness in Canada. Key Messages: Examining mobility clarifies why people become and remain homeless.People move between different regions in Canada as a way to cope with housing precarity and homelessness.Social connections, the influence of different places, and personal finances also drive people to move between different locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study critically examines how development interventions are imagined for singular places and subjects through a political process of product scripting that reconfigures the socio-technical meaning of second-hand objects from unwanted commodities to solutions that are appropriate for sub-Saharan Africa. Tracing the flow of second-hand goods demonstrates how development subjects are imagined to be adult, economically productive, rural beings. The paper finds that the second-hand mountain bicycle is inserted into an imagined place with a predetermined purpose that does not attend to alternative and heterogeneous urban and rural identities and needs. The paper highlights the compromises undertaken in designing development interventions as they are entangled with processes of waste recycling, commodification and philanthropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working without fixity, while historically prevalent, has been on the rise in Canada and throughout the world due to processes associated with advanced capitalism. Moreover, it implies mobility to, from, and within work, which in a time of COVID-19, is problematic for workers and communities alike. In this paper, we argue that our pre-COVID statistical knowledge of workers without a fixed place of work in Canada is inadequate. Using the best source of available data--the 2016 Census--we provide a thorough account of these workers as compared to those with a set place of work. We find that most individuals without a fixed workplace are male, have low income, are likely to be self-employed, have a higher proportion of employment insurance (EI) and self-employment income, and have college or on-the-job training skill levels. They are also likely to live in rural areas, and work in the construction or transportation industry. We argue that documenting which workers are most likely to be working without fixity is necessary to understand how a COVID-19 world will play out for these workers and their communities as the pandemic continues and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transportation in Kampala city; face various challenges and thus cannot offer the quality of services desired by the public. This is affecting the quality of life Kampala City residents. The main purpose of this study was to find out the effects of public transport on the quality of life of residents of Kampala City. The findings indicated that, in the short term; travel safety, enforcing parking policies, dedicated lanes and increased use of intelligent transport systems have greater impact on public transport with less cost. The medium-term solutions include; the use of broadcasting stations, road expansion and, extension and improving travel time. The long-term solutions include the use of traffic signals, reliability, mass transport, construction of new arterial roads and new freeways. Therefore, the study recommends that the Kampala Capital City Authority puts more emphasis on infrastructure improvement by prioritizing investment in road maintenance, construction and upgrading unpaved roads and installing traffic signals on all junctions to enhance development and good living in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the narratives of two Venezuelan migrants who have engaged in multi-stage migration practices in order to optimise their long-term living options in Australia. I show how they deploy a range of tactics to negotiate risk and uncertainty under the spatial, temporal and institutional conditions of temporary migration programs by moving to regional areas, drawing on friendship networks and continuously responding to shifting immigration policy. I argue that time spent on temporary visas is actively and intentionally used by migrants in order to create future migration possibilities and security for themselves in contexts where migration outcomes can be unpredictable. As temporary migrants they are subject to policies designed to meet the needs of global capital and skills shortages but they are also reasoning individuals who tactically pursue opportunities, put down roots and continually evaluate and readjust their plans and fall back positions, even within a relatively limited range of choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst workplace mobility (i.e., working from a variety of locations) has become an area of study in its own right, and has increasingly gained media attention, little is known about how prevalent or novel it is. In this paper we use Census place of work data to obtain insights into the prevalence and growth of this phenomenon in Canada's ten largest Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs). These data do not capture all dimensions of workplace mobility, but are the best currently available to assess it population‐wide. We show that workplace mobility has increased modestly since 1996, and that it is particularly prevalent in sectors such as construction, and amongst less qualified workers. Knowledge workers, to the extent they are mobile, tend to work from home. These results do not capture fine‐grained mobility within the working day (which may indeed be increasing), but demonstrate that these finer grained mobilities have not fundamentally impacted the types of workplace that jobs are attached to. Key Messages: With the advent of workplace mobility there is a sense that people no longer work from traditional locations: knowledge workers in particular are thought to have flown the coop.However, the few studies that examine this trend population‐wide suggest that changes in work location are in fact occurring at a fairly slow pace.We confirm this slow pace, which does not preclude possible increases in mobility during the day nor more work from non‐traditional locations outside working hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2014, the unexpected discovery of some mass graves shed light on the earliest days of the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg. The graves could be dated to the beginning of the 18th century, and analyses of the 255 excavated skeletons indicate that the individuals buried there were some of the workers who were forced to the construction sites and contributed tobuilding early Saint Petersburg. In this article, we aim to examine the possible origins of the workers and their general living conditions, including pathologies, diet and nutrition. For this, we will use various methods from archaeology, anthropology and isotopic analyses, and we will give some insights into the lives of those people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unjustified parking in parking spaces reserved for disabled people is a social phenomenon that reflects characteristics and attitudes concerning solidarity, morality, social norms and values. Disabled people's entitlement to specific parking spaces stems from the general right to mobility, independence, self-realisation and autonomy. In research conducted in the capital city of Slovenia, observers monitored 72 parking spaces reserved for disabled people (on-street spaces, in shopping and health centres). Among all uses of these spaces 63.1% were violations, although in some locations this share exceeded 90%, and 29.3% of violations occurred while at least one unoccupied non-reserved space was available in the near vicinity. The violators parked their vehicles for a short time, with half remaining in or close to the car. Formal social control is closely connected with the domination of an organic type of solidarity. Yet, this research shows it has clear limitations. In just 12 hours of observing reserved parking spaces, the researchers managed to note down the equivalent of 38.5% of the total violations processed annually by municipal wardens. Although the research focuses on one specific issue of solidarity, its implications resound beyond this particular case and suggest broader societal reasons for changes in solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In coastal and estuarine environments, trace elements trapped in sediments can be released back into the water column if resuspended during tides or floods. This is how this work is carried out to determine the mobility of trace elements when these phenomena occur on Senegalese coasts subjected to high energy tides. Sequential extraction carried out according to the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was used to determine the mobilizable fraction of trace elements in sediments. Subsequently, laboratory sediment resuspension experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of sediments to release trace elements into the water in order to better understand the natural effect of resuspension during tidal cycles and water movement on the coast. The release of elements into the water was monitored over a 24 h period along with redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen and pH. Bioavailability percentages of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn showed a strong affinity with the acid soluble fraction, suggesting easy mobility of these elements. The results of the kinetic monitoring tests of the release of trace elements in water show that during the first minutes, desorption is very important with peaks that can reach 90? depending on the element that could potentially cause acute effects on aquatic organisms. However, the bioavailability of trace elements in contaminated sediments only influences mobility at the beginning of resuspension. Remobilization tests would therefore provide an indication of the ability of sediments to release trace elements during rapid changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the aquatic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent socio-political situations in the Middle East and elsewhere have resulted in a large number of refugees searching for new places to settle. To understand how a new place could become a home, the authors conducted qualitative research in the Netherlands. The study looked at the home experiences and (micro)homemaking practices of young Syrian refugees in an innovative housing project in Amsterdam. In this project, Dutch and Syrian young adults are housed together to foster integration. This article also looks at Boccagni's model for understanding immigrant live-in workers' homes. The authors further develop the model by introducing a mobility lens, which offers the possibility of elaborating on theoretical notions between now-and-then and here-and-there and the empirical findings derived from this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article is to analyze the relationships between homes and transnational mobility in the Haitian social world, as well as their modes of government. It is based on prolonged ethnographic surveys, carried out in the cities of Fonds-des-Nègres, in Haiti, and Cayenne, in French Guiana, thus making it possible to follow the migratory trajectories of Haitians. A recurrent theme among Haitians is the use of the concept «diaspora» to differentiate homes : kay dyaspora (diaspora home), kay lokal (local home) and kay nan dyaspora (home in diaspora). The article focuses more specifically on two homes, one "diaspora" and the other "local" in order to show how the construction of the homes and their furnishings reflect the links that Haitians in transnational mobility establish between them, places they go to in contrast with their original homes where they sometimes have a heritage. To what extent do the dynamics of homes and their differentiation enlighten the Haitian social world, in particular the transnational mobilities of its actors? How, conversely, does this moving world inform us about the dynamics of homes, their relationships, the relationships between homes and the objects that populate them, the links between those who leave and those who stay in place? How is home governance constituted? There is no diaspora without mobility and there is no mobility without homes. The "diasporas homes" and the "local home" give an insight into the different dimensions of Haitian culture and society, in particular the socio-economic hierarchies of Haiti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to question the speeches about domestic government in agropastoral Hight-Atlas in Morocco. Based on an ethnographical research, the article questions the conditions of possibility of speeches about group cohesion symbolized by father's authority. It aims to shed light on practices by which cohesion and authority are implemented, and to question units of analysis used by researchers. Comparison of domestic groups' morphological characteristics or member's practices and trajectories leads to observe that cohesion and authority are subject to tensions (and are therefore endangered). Doing so, one can see that a group (and the authority within it) is actualized by its membres' permanent work on its social, economic and spatial characteristics, such as for instance matrimonial and residential practices, or acquisition and devolution of inheritance. This approach allows to question the "house" as an object of speeches about domestic government, within agropastoral Hight-Atlas in Morocco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banality of movement and the fascination with mobility meet at the very locations of arrival and departure. This contribution highlights social practices within and discourses about train stations which are interpreted as constitutive moments in the production of gender, sexuality and space. Train stations host the crossing between different spatial and social contexts, the negotiation of scales and between life cycles. Focusing on the historical moment of the early twentieth century we look at Swiss train stations as sites of heightened public concern which served to implement regulatory instruments to govern the social order of modernity. Narratives of the city as danger delineated train stations as critical turning points in the life-journey of young people, particularly for 'impressionable' young women. What is of interest here is how sexualities are discursively and metaphorically constructed and governed by social purity groups within the train station at the turn of the century. The way in which Station Assistance agents 'received', counselled and controlled the arrival of young people in the cities contributed to reiterating and (re)constructing gender and sexuality beyond national boundaries. The resulting protective and prescriptive constructions of sexuality reveal much about the complex perceptions and regulations of rural and urban sexualities and gender systems in their spatial nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few decades, the discovery of large ditched enclosures in Iberia has revealed the diversity and complexity of deposition and manipulation of human bone remains. Alongside traditional ritual burials (mainly megalithic tombs and hypogea), fragmented and scattered human bones mixed with other kinds of material culture began to appear in many features. This is the case for Ditch 5 at Marroquíes, which offers an excellent opportunity to explore this ritual behaviour. Based on a multi-proxy approach, three main conclusions can be drawn: 1) the skeletal elements present show deliberate selection of particular categories of bones; 2) depositional episodes included the remains of people who died at different points in time and were subject to different taphonomic processes, and 3) mobility patterns indicate that all individuals, with one possible exception, were local. The movement and manipulations of body parts may reflect the active role of people after death as social and symbolic elements that retain agency and capacity for action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far from being a simple annual round determined by the calendar, seasonality in human societies is a complex system of interdependence between humans and non-humans. It requires close attentiveness to the variability of soils, weather, topography, plants, and animals across both time and space. In this article, the author investigates mobile systems of interdependence that take advantage of topographical and seasonal variation. He uses a range of case studies from early modern Scotland and Cyprus, focusing on summer grazing in the uplands and lowland agriculture carried out by mountain communities. After a comparative discussion of seasonality, the article examines the role of topography and movement, and then puts the 'margins at the centre' in order to highlight the central role played by seasonal activity and movement in rural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique nature of the Yellow Vests movement, which emerged in the winter of 2018-19, cannot be understood by using the traditional frameworks of socio-economic analysis. We need a comprehensive approach that integrates a periurban cultural model. This model emphasizes primary sociability, a practical relationship with places and does not adhere to the tourism paradigm which, until the Covid-19 epidemic, governed the legitimate values and representations of the city and territory. It may have been referred to as “Poujadism”, but it would be wiser to call it “populist”, by giving however to this term the ability to reveal the aspiration to autonomy of these populations who have been outraged by the obstacles to their mobility which the public authorities have tried to impose on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depuis qu'il a accédé à la notoriété en 1999, Han Han a suscité un grand intérêt du public et des chercheurs. Alors que la majorité des commentateurs se sont concentrés sur son statut ambigu d'entrepreneur-rebelle, cet article décrit la manière dont la masculinité est représentée et construite dans le phénomène Han Han. Il discute des apparitions de Han Han dans les campagnes publicitaires avant de se tourner vers le cinéma avec son premier film The Continent (2014). L'article examine la figure récurrente de l'aventurier voyageur et montre en quoi cette célébration d'une masculinité nomade est le résultat d'influences culturelles mondiales, de traditions locales de la masculinité et de nouvelles forces de marché. Fondées sur une approche conservatrice du genre et de la mobilité, l'expression et la construction de la masculinité chez Han Han portent atteinte à sa réputation de «génie décalé» et dessinent les limites de sa rébellion culturelle. Cet article montre plus particulièrement comment sa masculinité se construit au détriment des femmes et des hommes non hégémoniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Dakar buses play a key role in the public transportation. Currently, buses in Dakar have many lines and various routes. Consequently, confusion occurs to bus users because they do not have enough information to choose the optimal traveling path and buses to their destination. Due to these reason passengers are exposed to wastage of money and time waiting for a bus at the bus stop and by using an improper route as a result of important lacking information. To alleviate the current complexity of bus transport, this study suggests a new system, Bus Information System (B.I.S), which can provide valuable information not only on bus routes but also on how to travel, the position of buses and approximation of bus time to passengers. These services have a cost and our survey as well as the methodology used to analyze survey data (C.V.M) will serve as a measure of the price of how much passenger are willing to pay for all services provided by the bus. Based on the study conducted the finding proofs that the passengers' willingness to pay additional cost incurred due to the implementation of B.I.S is 90 percent positive response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The municipality of Ziguinchor has been marked since the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s by a demographic weighing and a spatial intensity of high intensity, which amplifies the mobility requirements to connect places that are isolated from the urban core. As a result, the government's incompetence to provide urban transport and the lack of private supply in conventional transport have jeopardized the mobility of people living in the districts on the outskirts of the city. In response to this situation, populations have integrated Jakarta motorcycles in public transport, in order to serve marginalized populations by formal transport. This article, based on observation, field surveys (qualitative method) and analysis of socioeconomic data correlated to geomatics, aims to highlight the factors of emergence as well as the role of Jakarta motorcycles in the process of integrating the peri-urban areas of Ziguinchor. The results allowed firstly, to analyze the factors of emergence of informal transport such as Jakarta motorcycles; next, to assess the importance of Jakarta motorcycles in the process of integration and densification of urban peripheries and finally, to study the different problems induced by these modes of transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a new measure of the aggressiveness of COVID-19 policies in 75 Canadian and American cities and estimate the effect of these policies on mobility patterns in each city. Using a new dataset of five municipal COVID-19 policy indicators for each of our 75 cities, combined with 11 provincial/state policy indicators, we estimate a daily measure of the "aggressiveness" of the provincial/state and municipal COVID-19 policy mix in each city. We then estimate the effects of these policies on subsequent mobility behaviour using dynamic time series models. We find strong evidence of policy effects on subsequent mobility behaviour, but few overall differences between Canadian and American cities. We discuss the significance of our findings both for COVID-19 policy research and for other comparative urban policy research in multilevel policy environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent debates in social and cultural geography on the inclusionary/exclusionary nature of space have brought our attention to the 'everywhere different' nature of racism across cities. Among these debates have been calls to interrogate the socio-spatial dimensions of new forms of racism, like Islamophobia as they evolve. This paper draws on the findings of an online survey conducted from September 2016 to April 2017 with young Muslim American residents of the Bay Area, California. It provides empirical material on the way young Muslims map 'the geography of Islamophobia' across this region to uncover how the racialization of Muslims has translated into perceptions of racism across city spaces. The findings indicate that Islamophobia occurs in various public spheres, particularly on public transport and in airports. There is a spatial concentration of Islamophobic spaces in the Bay Area, focussed in the North and Outer-East Bay regions – relatively rural parts of the region with a less significant Muslim population. Conversely, areas with larger Muslim populations were associated with lower levels of perceived Islamophobia. This paper highlights the need for more localised, socio-spatial engagements in racism that capture the evolving nature of the American racisms, and how they are spatialised across cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of rural areas have necessarily been occupied by discussions of migration, the experience of which is often concentrated among young adults in the years immediately following the end of secondary education. This dynamic has been attributed to a mobility imperative that equates leaving rural areas for the opportunities offered by urban centres with success, and staying in rural areas with failure. This article interrogates the distinction between those who leave rural areas and those who stay, drawing on life-course research that contextualises the post-secondary mobility imperative within individuals' wider biographies in order to challenge claims that mobility is associated with the development of personal resources that lie outside the reach of those who are not mobile. The article presents data taken from a 20-year longitudinal panel study of individuals' post-school pathways, drawing specifically on interviews conducted with participants who grew up in rural areas. By focusing on the significance of relational considerations, the authors contend that the mobility decision-making process results in the development of reflexivity about one's mobility irrespective of its outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]