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The heterogeneity of BPA distribution in the tumor tissues suggests the possibility of tumor recurrence for patients because the area with a lower penetration of BPA might receive an insufficient dose for killing tumor cells in BNCT. In addition, the BPA biodistribution image obtained in the present study showed that BPA accumulates evenly in the deep part of the brain tumor, rather than a biased BPA biodistribution due to diffusion from CSF. In our study, we examined the BPA biodistribution in rat brain after BPA infusion via CSF circulation to demonstrate the usefulness of the CSF administration method for brain tumors. We obtained evidence that BPA arrives directly into the brain parenchyma with CSF microcirculation through perivascular spaces by creating images of BPA penetration into the brain parenchyma following administration via CSF. [Extracted from the article]

Background/Aims: Elevated activities of serum aminotransferase are commonly observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. Few studies have addressed the relation between glucose intolerance and serum activities of aminotransferase in free-living populations.Methods: Using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, we examined the association of impaired fasting glycemia (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus with serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) among 4621 men aged 49–59 years of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Statistical adjustment was made for body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and other possible confounding factors.Results: Proportions of an elevated ALT (>50 IU/l) in men with normal glucose tolerance, IFG, IGT, and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were 3.5%, 9.5%, 7.7%, and 18.0%, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios of an elevated ALT for IFG, IGT, and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.1–4.3), 1.7 (1.2–2.4), and 4.4 (3.0–6.6), respectively. IGT and diabetes mellitus were also significantly positively associated with elevated AST (>40 IU/l) and GGT (>50 IU/l).Conclusions: Glucose intolerance is associated with elevated serum aminotransferase independent of obesity, but even a mildly elevated ALT is relatively uncommon in free-living men with glucose intolerance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A sub-microliter SFE coupled to the SFC-PTR ionization apparatus was designed. • Compared to SFE-PTR, a 16-fold sensitivity improvement was achieved by the SFC. • A split injection drastically improves theoretical plate number. • The SFC-PTR MS has an extremely high sensitivity for deprotonated FFAs. The application of proton transfer ionization reaction mass spectrometry (PTR MS) combined with microscale supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) aiming to quantitate single-cell fatty acid analysis levels was investigated. Using a microscale extraction vessel, the obtained low limits of quantitation (LLOQs) of arachidonic acid and arachidic acid were 1.2 and 2.7 fmol, respectively, by using less than 1 µ L of sample on stainless steel frit. A series of phthalate, vitamin K 1 , and α -tocopherol were also tested, and the LLOQ was less than one femtomole for phthalate and 35 and 13 fmol for vitamin K 1 and α -tocopherol, respectively. A microliter portion of SFE extracts was introduced into the SFC column by split injection, improving the reproducibility of the chromatography and separation efficiency. The method in the present study has great potential to quantitate lipophilic molecules on the nanogram scale of a sample without complex preparation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]