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In this present study, copper slag (CS) is proposed as an alternative to river sand as fine aggregate in alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) mixes. The relative performance of alkali activated slag concrete mixes with CS as fine aggregate is compared to conventional Ordinary Portland Cement concrete (OPCC) mix in terms of their workability, strength and durability parameters. The results indicate that, AASC mixes with CS, as a replacement to sand upto 100% (by volume), show no marked loss in strength characteristics. AASC mixes with either sand or CS possess similar modulus of elasticity, lower total porosity, lesser water absorption and reduced chloride ion penetration as compared to OPCC. Strength-retention characteristics of AASC mixes with sand/CS on exposure to sulphate and acid-rich environment are also studied. Use of AASC mixes for structural application reduces carbon footprint, decreases water consumption and cost. Use of CS as fine aggregate reduces river sand consumption as an added benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation is conducted to evaluate the effect of steel slag coarse aggregates on mechanical properties and fatigue behaviour of Alkali-Activated Slag Fly Ash Concrete (AASFC) mixes. AASFC mixes were prepared with steel slag coarse aggregates by replacing natural coarse aggregates at various replacement levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by volume). Various mechanical properties and fatigue performance were tested and compared with conventional Portland concrete. The incorporation of steel slag aggregates resulted in decrease in mechanical strength of AASFC mixes. The fatigue lives of AASFC mixes containing steel slag were found to be lower than AASFC with natural coarse aggregates. Two-parameter Weibull distribution was used for statistical analysis of fatigue data and it was observed that the fatigue data of concrete mixes can be approximately modelled using Weibull distribution. Steel slag aggregates reported acceptable performance in AASFC mixes for its use in pavement quality concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study discusses the durability performance of alkali activated concrete mixes containing steel slag as coarse aggregates. Steel slag aggregates, a waste product obtained from iron and steel industry are incorporated as coarse aggregates in alkali activated slag concrete (AASC) and alkali activated slag fly ash concrete (AASFC) by replacing traditional natural aggregates. The mix design for AASC and AASFC mixes are optimised to obtain sufficient strength for structural purposes and then steel slag coarse aggregates are incorporated at different replacement levels (0%, 50% and 100% by volume of total coarse aggregate content). Durability properties such as long term ageing performance, water absorption, volume of permeable voids, resistance to sulphuric acid attack and resistance to magnesium sulphate attack are studied in detail and compared with conventional Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete (OPCC). The ecological and economical analysis of concrete mixes is also carried out. It was found that the AASC and AASFC mixes displayed better durability performance as compared to OPCC. The inclusion of steel slag aggregates slightly reduced the durability performance of AASC and AASFC mixes. The AASC and AASFC with steel slag aggregates displayed lower energy requirement and lower production cost as compared to OPCC, thus proving it to be eco-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]