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Protection of the society from the negative consequences of the road traffic is a global challenge. The greatest challenges are related to emissions of harmful combustion products and road safety. One of the possible solutions of this challenge is purchasing and using a new, more environmentally friendly passenger car (cleaner and safer). As a more environmentally friendly passenger cars, we considered electric and autonomous passenger cars. Although these cars are more environmentally friendly, their negative feature is high purchase costs. This paper aims to create a model for determining the period of use when the decision purchase a new, more environmentally friendly passenger car instead of a new, less environmentally friendly passenger car (petrol or diesel) would be beneficial. For that purpose, we analyzed costs, emission and road safety during life cycle. The developed model was applied on real data from Great Britain. Using the results of the model, stakeholders and customers of passenger cars would be able to reach better quality decisions related to purchasing the new passenger cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to transportation is a vital issue for persons with disabilities (PwDs). This paper aims to define measures to improve the mobility, road safety, and access to transportation of drivers with disabilities (DwDs) who use hand controls (HCs) and encourage persons with disabilities to drive. Measures were proposed based on identified factors that influence the mobility with private vehicles and the participation in traffic accidents of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls. The research was conducted in Serbia, a country with a lower inclusion rate of persons with disabilities. The dependent variables in the research were average annual mileage as an indicator of mobility and the number of traffic accidents with adapted vehicles per year as an indicator of road safety. The four most important areas for action with seven measures were recognized. The areas of action are (1) improving the driving training process, (2) appropriate vehicle adaptations, (3) improving awareness about road safety, and (4) supporting persons with disabilities to drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Non-drivers with physical disabilities (PD) more prefer to use autonomous vehicles (AV) than drivers. • Persons with PD who live in urban areas prefer to use AV over others. • Persons with PD's intention to use AV predominantly depends on their view of AV, not their mobility habits. • AV have excellent potential to improve access to transportation and ensure transportation equity. • One solution is introducing AV in the public transport system following accessibility, reliability, and safety principles. Improving access to transportation and ensuring transportation equity for persons with physical disabilities is one of the global challenges. Autonomous vehicles are pointed out as the potential solution to these problems. The views of persons with physical disabilities about autonomous vehicles differed sharply and substantially compared to non-disabled and other persons with disabilities. Therefore, this paper investigates differences in acceptance of autonomous vehicles among different groups of persons with physical disabilities. The driving status criterion was used because this fact significantly impacts the quality of life and social status. The paper's main contribution is to help create policies and practices related to autonomous vehicles following the real needs of persons with physical disabilities. The research was conducted in a country with vast problems of inclusion of persons with disabilities and transportation equity – Serbia. The Bayesian linear regression models were created with weakly informative prior distributions. We found that non-drivers with physical disabilities prefer to use autonomous vehicles more than drivers. The key issues of the successful introduction of autonomous vehicles are attitudes, accessibility, and trust. Autonomous vehicles present an excellent opportunity to improve mobility and transportation equity for non-drivers with physical disabilities. Transportation stakeholders, vehicle manufacturers, and representative associations of persons with disabilities should cooperate closely, respecting the concept „Nothing about us, without us.". One solution for resolving recognized challenges is introducing autonomous vehicles in the public transport system following accessibility, reliability, and safety principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost 200 million persons with disabilities face specific difficulties in everyday life. Private vehicles provide persons with disabilities with a high level of flexibility, a high level of time efficiency, and a better quality of life. It is sometimes necessary to make vehicle modifications to enable persons with disabilities to drive. One of the most frequent modifications is hand controls. Although drivers with disabilities who use hand controls face the same risk of road accidents as non-disabled drivers, predictors of road accidents for drivers with disabilities who use hand controls have not been the subject of earlier research. The predictors show which factors influence the occurrence of road accidents of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls. This paper aims to develop a model that describes the participation in road accidents of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls and recognises contributing predictors. A multidisciplinary team of experts identified twenty-three predictors that impact road accidents of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls. Bayesian logistic regression models have identified speeding, alcohol consumption, mobile phone usage, and especially fatigue as risky behaviours. This paper proposes several important measures that would improve the safety of drivers with disabilities using hand controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport represents an industry sector with intense energy consumption, the road transport sector within is the dominant subsector. The objective of the research presented in this paper is in defining the activities which applied within road freight transport companies contribute to enhancing vehicles' energy efficiency. Vehicle fleet operation management process effects on fuel consumption decrease have been looked into. Operation parameters that influence vehicle fuel consumption were analysed. In this sense, a survey has been realised in order to evaluate the vehicle load factor impact on the specific fuel consumption. Measures for enhancing vehicle's logistics efficiency have been defined. As a tool for those measures' implementation an algorithm for vehicle fleet operation management was developed which represented a basis for a dedicated software package development for vehicle dispatching process decision support. A set of measures has been recommended and their effects in fuel savings were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a new tool for aircraft performance analysis and optimization.Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the methodology of converting nomogram curves into mathematical functions is presented. Aircraft performance nomograms represent graphical interpretation of influence of several variables on performance such as environmental conditions, runway conditions and aircraft mass. The aircraft performance nomograms are converted in mathematical functions that describe several independent variables’ influence on aircraft performance parameters. To achieve greater accuracy in calculation of aircraft performance parameters, it is necessary to determine mathematical functions presented by dependent variable variations with several independent variables. The method of determining mathematical functions is illustrated on Fokker 100 landing gear extended net climb gradient determination graph.Findings To evaluate model, it was necessary to determine net climb gradient both graphically and analytically using model and compare the results. After solving both analytically and graphically, it was concluded that results are a match. During model evaluation, it was observed that model has a lot of advantages such as it has great precision of calculation, requires less time to calculate results and has minimum error possibility.Practical implications Final result of digitalization of aircraft performance nomograms is software production. The usage of this software can reduce flight planning and aircraft exploitation costs in several different manners. Airliners can produce such a software for those types of aircraft where there is no software provided from aircraft manufacturer.Originality/value Digitalization of aircraft performance nomogram has never been analyzed before, although there is a possibility of this particular methodology implementation in a practical manner in aviation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing CO2 emission is one of the major environmental challenges for transportation. One way to solve this problem is to replace old cars that use fossil fuels (petrol, diesel) with new electric cars. In this paper, the existing model for calculating well-to-wheels CO2 emission during the life cycle of the car (fossil fuel car and electric car) is upgraded. The developed model is used for comparing optimal lifetime and optimal car's kilometers driven during a lifetime in the replacement process of a fossil fuel car with a new electric car. We find that reducing CO2 emission depends on the type of fossil fuel, and the weight of fossil fuel cars and electric cars. Changing petrol fossil fuel cars with lower weight electric cars have the greatest potential for reducing CO2 emission. However, the introduction of electric cars does not achieve a significant reduction of CO2 emission in countries where electricity is primarily produced in thermal power plants, i. e. in countries with a high emission factor of electricity production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]