Search

This study aimed to evaluate chitosan (CS)-based formulations loaded with 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) and/or 10% nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) to remineralize the demineralized primary tooth enamel surface. Ninety enamel blocks were demineralized and were divided into six groups (n = 15): (1) CS-based hydrogel, (2) CS-based hydrogel loaded with NaF, (3) CS-based hydrogel loaded with nHA, (4) CS-based hydrogel loaded with NaF and nHA, (5) 5% NaF varnish, and (6) negative control with no intervention. After intervention, the specimens were pH cycled by 2 h immersion in demineralizing solution and 22 h immersion in remineralizing solution for 8 days. The remineralization effects were evaluated by Vickers microhardness measurements and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (FESEM-EDS). The best mean ± SD percentage microhardness recovery in remineralized enamel (%REMH) was found in group 4 (56.90 ± 5.49). The %REMH of groups 2 (30.74 ± 3.51) and 5 (29.23 ± 5.65) were statistically the same (p = 0.943). FESEM images confirmed partial coverage of the porous demineralized enamel with a newly formed mineralized layer. Based on EDS findings, the Ca/P ratio values of the treated enamel surfaces with CS-based hydrogels ranged between 1.71 and 1.87, and the highest F content was noticed in group 2 (1.02 ± 0.03). Although, all tested CS-based hydrogels demonstrated the potential to repair demineralized enamel, nHA- and NaF-containing CS-based hydrogel showed the highest remineralization effect. We infer that this new hybrid hydrogel is a potentially useful dental material for tooth biomineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to compare various toothpastes and mouthwashes on permanent tooth dentin after erosive and abrasive challenges. 130 sound premolars dentin were randomly submitted to an initial erosive challenge and a cycle of erosive and abrasive challenges for five days. The five experimental groups (n = 26) were: (1) Control group (artificial saliva), (2) Elmex erosion protection toothpaste and mouthwash, (3) Vitis anticaries biorepair toothpaste and mouthwash, (4) Oral B Pro-expert toothpaste and Oral B Fluorinse mouthwash, and (5) MI Paste ONE toothpaste and Caphosol mouthwash. Microhardness, surface roughness values, and the topographical characteristics of the dentin surface were assessed. The highest percentage of recovered dentin microhardness (%RDMH) value was observed in groups 2 and 4, followed by groups 5 and 3, respectively. The %RDMH values in groups 2 and 4 did not demonstrate a significant difference (p = 0.855). The highest percentage of improvement in surface roughness was recorded in groups 2 and 4, with no significant differences (p = 0.989). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) findings were consistent with the surface roughness data. The best recovery of dentin microhardness and roughness were measured with the Elmex and Oral B toothpaste and mouthwash, followed by MI Paste ONE toothpaste and Caphosol mouthwash and Vitis anticaries biorepair toothpaste and mouthwash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the in vitro literature on shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of pit and fissure sealant materials in contaminated (water, human, or artificial saliva) and non-contaminated conditions. Methods: PubMed®, Web of Science™, Scopus®, Embase™, and Cochrane Library databases were used as data sources. Of the 974 studies identified, 56 were considered eligible for full-text screening and 32 were selected for data extraction. Results: The meta-analysis demonstrated that contaminated conditions decreased the SBS of the sealants by 4.33 MPa. In the contaminated subgroup analysis, both unfilled (Clinpro™, 3M™) and filled (FluroShield®, Dentsply) resin-based sealants achieved a similar SBS (P=0.82). Regarding the outcome measurements, extensive methodological heterogeneity was found among the studies for SBS measurements (I 2 equals greater than or equal to 84 percent; P<0.001), whereas homogeneity was found for microleakage (I 2 equals 84 percent; P=0.85). When evaluating resin-based sealants, the level of microleakage in the contaminated and noncontaminated groups was not significantly different (P=0.1). Conclusion: Surface contamination decreases the bond strength between contaminated enamel and both unfilled and filled resin-based sealants, which affects the clinical effectiveness of sealants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the penetration depth and enamel microhardness (EMH) of an infiltrant resin and two fissure sealants in primary teeth with early enamel lesions. We randomly divided 174 sound teeth into six groups (n = 29): (1) phosphoric acid (PA) + Clinpro, (2) PA + Aegis, (3) Icon, (4) hydrochloric acid (HCl) + Clinpro, (5) HCl + Aegis, and (6) control. Percentage penetration (%PP) was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (n = 15). EMH was measured (n = 12), and the percentage of EMH recovery (%REMH) was calculated. Twelve samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). All data were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). Groups 3 and 4 showed the highest %PP (all, p < 0.05). Icon application led to significantly higher %REMH compared to the others (p < 0.05). Groups 2 and 5 showed the lowest reduction in %REMH after pH-cycling. Application of Icon and Clinpro with HCl pretreatment showed the greatest %PP. pH-cycling led to a decrease in %REMH for all of the materials, although this effect was lower in teeth treated with Aegis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims. This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial property of an injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) scaffold containing triple antibiotic mixture against an Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm in an infected immature root canal model. Methods. A dual-species biofilm was inoculated inside the root canals via a series of centrifugal cycles. The samples were allocated to three experimental groups (i.e., G1: triple antibiotic mixture, G2: I-PRF containing triple antibiotic mixture, and G3: antibiotic-free I-PRF scaffold) and two control groups (G4: seven-day biofilm untreated and G5: bacteria-free untreated). Results. Bacterial gene quantification change and the overall reduction of live bacteria were evaluated. The highest antibacterial activity against A. naeslundii belonged to G2. However, G1 and G2 had similar antibacterial property against E. faecalis (p value = 0.814). In general, experimental groups revealed higher levels of antibacterial activity against E. faecalis than against A. naeslundii (p value < 0.001). Notably, G2 could dramatically decrease the number of live bacteria up to near 92%. Conclusions. The current study provides insight into the antibacterial property of an antibiotic-eluting I-PRF scaffold against a dual-species biofilm colonized inside the root canal. The fabricated scaffold contains not only the antibiotics but also the growth factors, which favor the regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess- the release of calcium and phosphate ions from a fissure sealant containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), and to determine the re-release capacity of these ions when charged with a solution containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Nine blocks of ACP resin-based sealant were prepared and immersed in three solutions at different pH (4.0, 5.5, 7.0), and calcium and phosphate ion release was measured with ion chromatography at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after immersion. Sixty days after immersion, each block was charged with CPP-ACP solution in three 7-day cycles to investigate the re-release of these ions, which was measured on days 1, 3, and 7. No difference was observed in initial calcium ion release at pH 4.0 and pH 5.5. At both values, ion release was significantly higher than at pH 7.0 (p<0.001). Initial phosphate release was significantly different among the three pH values (p<0.001). After re-charging the specimens, calcium ion re-release was greater than phosphate ion release. Initial ion release from ACP resin-based sealant was greatest at the lowest pH. Ion release decreased with time. As the number of recharge cycles increased, ion re-release also improved. Phosphate ion re-release required more recharge cycles than calcium ion re-release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood caries, a serious health problem among young children, can be prevented with effective intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral health education and a fluoride varnish in the prevention of caries in children under the age of 3 years. For this single-blind randomized parallel group 1-year clinical trial in Shiraz, 300 children aged 12-24 months with sound primary teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 100): (1) control: no preventive intervention; (2) oral health counseling, and (3) oral health counseling and fluoride varnish at baseline and 6 months later. At baseline and 4, 8 and 12 months after the intervention, caries risk reduction was recorded as the primary outcome. The mothers' knowledge and performance regarding oral health in children was used as a secondary outcome. A total of 260 children (mean age: 20.49 ± 7.33 months) completed the study. Compared to group 1, caries risk reduction in group 2 was 28% (95% CI: -39.05 to -17.45) and 31% in group 3 (95% CI: -41.88 to -21.73). However, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (95% CI: -8.58 to 1.47). In all groups, mothers' knowledge and performance at baseline were low; however, they increased significantly in follow-up appointments in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Oral health education increased mothers' knowledge and performance regarding oral health in children. Oral health counseling alone or associated with the use of fluoride varnish reduced the caries incidence in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plans to increase the role of students in health research require data on students' knowledge and views of research. The aim of the study was to evaluate these factors toward research among medical science students. Methods: Undergraduate and postgraduate students of three medicine, dentistry and pharmacy schools in Shiraz were enrolled in a cross-sectional descriptive study using questionnaires to provide details of the parameters of attitude to, knowledge of and barriers toward research for each individual. All data was coded for each of the parameters. Data analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey and Student's t, Pearson's correlation and Chi-squared tests. Results: A total of 384 questionnaires were returned complete. Mean student scores for attitude, knowledge and barriers were 68.97 ± 12.56, 70.99 ± 20.97 and 75.27 ± 15.38, respectively. On the knowledge parameter, 77.8% of students' scores fell above the middle of the possible attainable score, but 90% of attitude scores came in at below the middle of the possible attainable score. Undergraduate students (70.27 ± 12.00) showed a more positive attitude to research than postgraduate students (65.57 ± 13.06) (p = 0.001). Female students (72.97 ± 20.54) had greater knowledge than males (67.09 ± 21.56) (p = 0.010). Many barriers were highlighted by students such as lack of funding support and lack of time for research. Conclusions: Students showed favorable knowledge of research, but their attitude to the field was inadequate. More attention must be placed on these parameters in the curriculum to improve student interest in health research. The impact of barrier factors on research demonstrates that there is a need for greater availability of information in order to solve the problems and change strategies for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral hygiene instruction, fluoride varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) for remineralizing white spot lesions (WSL), and the effect of these on the dmft index in primary teeth. Subjects and Methods: In this 1-year, randomized clinical trial, 140 children aged 12-36 months with WSL in the anterior maxillary teeth were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 35 children each. Group 1 (control) received no preventive intervention. In group 2, there was oral hygiene and dietary counseling. In group 3, there was oral hygiene and the application of fluoride varnish at 4, 8 and 12 months after baseline. In group 4, there was oral hygiene and tooth mousse was applied by the parents twice a day over a 12-month period. At baseline and 4, 8 and 12 months after the intervention, the size of WSL in millimeters and the dmft index were recorded. One hundred and twenty-two children completed the study. Data were analyzed using the repeated-measures ANOVA test. Results: In group 1, the mean percent WSL area and dmft index values had increased significantly at 12 months after baseline (p < 0.001). The interventions led to significant decreases in the size of the WSL; the greatest reduction was in group 4 (63%) followed by group 3 (51%) and group 2 (10%) after 12 months. The smallest increase in the dmft index was in group 4 (0.17), followed by groups 3 (0.3) and 2 (0.42). However, there were no significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Oral hygiene along with four fluoride varnish applications or constant CPP-ACP during the 12- month period reduced the size of WSL in the anterior primary teeth and caused a small increase in dmft index values. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: he purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of etching on marginal sealing of nanofilled resin-modified glass ionomer restorations in Class V cavities in primary teeth prepared with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser compared to bur preparation. Methods: Standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 56 extracted primary canines that were randomly divided into four groups of 14 teeth each, according to laser or bur preparation and whether acid etching was used or not in the cavity. All cavities were restored with Nano primer/Ketac N100. After storage for six months in water and 2,000 thermal cycles, the specimens were placed in a one percent basic fuchsin dye solution. Dye penetration was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. he data were analyzed via nonparametric tests (P<.05). Results: Etching in bur- and laser-prepared cavities significantly reduced enamel microleakage (P=.031 and P=.001, respectively). At the dentin margin, etching significantly increased microleakage in bur-prepared cavities (P=.009) and significantly decreased it in laser-prepared cavities (P=.009). Conclusions: Etching may improve the sealing ability of Ketac N100 at both margins in laser-prepared cavities and at the enamel margin in bur-prepared cavities. It had an adverse effect on dentinal sealing in aged Ketac N100 restorations in primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of prior etching on the sealing of silorone composite restorations in Class V cavity preparations prepared with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser compared to bur preparation in primary teeth. Methods: Standard Class V cavity preparations were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 56 extracted primary canines and randomly divided into four groups of 14 teeth each, according to laser or bur preparation and the use of prior odd etching in the preparation. All cavity preparations were restored with silorane adhesive and silorane composite. After water storage and thermocyding, the specimens were placed in 0.5 percent basic fuchsin dye solution. Dye penetration was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed with nonparametric tests (P=.05). Results: Laser preparation and prior etching in bur-prepared cavity preparation had no significant effect on enamel sealing (P>.05), but significantly increased microleak-aqe at the dentin margin (P<.001 and P=.001, respectively). Prior etching in laser-prepared cavity preparations significantly improved sealing at the enamel and dentin margins (P=.009 and P=.003, respectively). Conclusions: Prior acid etching may be necessary to ensure good marginal sealing when laser preparation is used. However, this step is not required when bur cutting is used in primary teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the effect of disinfectant agents on microleakage in primary teeth restored with composite resin (CR) and glass ionomer (GI). Methods: Class V cavities were prepared in 140 sound canine teeth randomly divided into two main groups (A and B) and seven subgroups (n=20). In group A, 60 cavities were restored with CR after pretreatment with 1) phosphoric acid etching + Adper Single-Bond 2; 2) acid etching + chlorhexidine digluconate + Adper SingleBond 2; and 3) Clearfil Protect Bond. In group B, 80 cavities were restored with GI after pretreatment with 4) conditioner; 5) conditioner + chlorhexidine digluconate; 6) conditioner + Clearfil Protect Bond; and 7) Clearfil Protect Bond. After thermocycling, the samples were placed in 0.5 percent fuchsin dye, sectioned, and evaluated under a digital microscope. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There were statistically significant differences between subgroups (P<.05). Subgroup 1 showed the least microleakage in Group A. Subgroups 6 and 7 had the least microleakage, followed by subgroups 4 and 5 in Group B. Conclusions: Applying chlorhexidine digluconate and Clearfil Protect Bond increased microleakage in CR restorations. However, Clearfil Protect Bond did not adversely affect marginal sealing in GI restorations, which makes it an alternative pretreatment method for these restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare six methods of root canal filling in primary mandibular second molars via digital radiography. Methods: A total of 239 canals were prepared and obturated with zinc-oxide eugenol paste. Obturation methods compared were: anesthetic syringe: NaviTip syringe: pressure syringe: tuberculin syringe: lentulo spiral: and packing with a plugger. The canals were evaluated in photostimulated phosphor radiographs for length of obturation, presence of voids, and number and sum of void sizes. The data were analyzed using chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There were significant differences between all groups in the length of obturation (P>.01) and presence of voids (P<.001). The lentulo and tuberculin syringe groups, respectively, showed the best and worst results for length of obturation. Significant differences were also found in the number of voids (P<.001) and mean sum of void sizes in the coronal (P<.001) and middle third (P=.003). For the number and size of the voids, the NaviTip group showed the best results. Conclusion: Lentulo produced the best results in terms of length of obturation, while NaviTip syringe produced the best results in controlling paste extrusion from the apical foramen and having the smallest void size and lowest number of voids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage of 3 onebottle adhesives with different solvents added under the fissure sealant on intact etched enamel. Methods: A total of 100 sound mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=20). Occlusal pits and fissures were sealed with an unfilled fissure sealant (FS) material. Study groups included: (1) phosphoric acid etching + FS (control); (2) acid etching + Adper Single Bond 2 + FS; (3) acid etching + OptiBond Solo Plus + FS; (4) acid etching + One-Step Plus + FS; and (5) no pretreatment (FS alone). After aging and thermocycling, specimens were placed in 0.5% fuchsin, sectioned, and evaluated by digital microscope. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann- Whitney tests at a significance of P<.05. Results: Group 5 (FS alone) showed the greatest microleakage, which was significantly different from the other groups (P<.05). Group 4 showed the lowest microleakage, followed by groups 3 and 2. No significant differences existed among groups 1 to 4 (P>.05). Conclusions: Conventional acid etching alone or with a one-bottle adhesive that contained different solvents of acetone, ethanol, or ethanol/water combination yielded similar sealing results in sealant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of two desensitizing procedures on the marginal microleakage of composite restorations bonded by a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 42 extracted premolars at the cementoenamel junction and randomly divided into three groups of 14 each. In group 1 (control), an adhesive (Excite) was applied according to manufacturer's instructions. In group 2, after the application of oxalate desensitizer (BisBlock) to the cavities, the specimens were etched, and Excite was applied and light cured. In group 3, the cavities were treated with CO laser irradiation (1 W power output in a continuous wave mode, 10 s), and then, the specimens were etched and bonded by Excite. All the cavities were restored with a resin composite. After water storage and thermocycling, the specimens were placed in 1 % basic fuchsin blue dye solution. The dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests ( α = 0.05). There was a significant difference among three groups at the gingival and occlusal margins ( P < 0.05). The specimens treated with BisBlock exhibited higher microleakage at both margins than those of the control and laser-treated groups ( P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the control group and group treated with CO laser at both margins ( P > 0.05). CO laser did not show a detrimental effect on the marginal sealing ability of the adhesive system used in resin composite restorations. However, oxalate desensitizer adversely influenced the sealing ability of the restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many geometric forms and mathematical functions have been proposed as models of the dental arch; however, no such information seems to be available for the primary dentition. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for dental arch form in the primary dentition. Methods: The participants were 92 children (47 boys, 45 girls) in primary dentition. Dental casts were used to measure dental arch dimensions with digital calipers. The arch form was classified as round, long, and short. The values of A and B in the polynomial function formula Y=Axm+Bxn were calculated so that the curve would pass through all teeth in the arch. Data were analyzed and compared with the independent t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: There was significant difference between boys and girls in dental arch widths (P=0.025) and depths at mandibular primary canines (P<0.001) but not significant at the maxillary primary canines (P>.05). The width and depth of the arches at the primary canines correlated significantly with the width and depth at the primary molars (P<0.001). Conclusions: The sixth-order polynomial function Y=Ax6+Bx² is a potentially accurate mathematical model of arch form for primary dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study's purpose was to compare the ability of 5 luting cements to reduce microleakage at stainless steel crown (SSC) margins on primary molar teeth. Methods: Standard preparations were performed on 100 extracted primary molar teeth for SSC restoration. After fitting SSCs, samples were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 teeth each, which were cemented with nonadhesive cement consisting of polycarboxylate (PC) or zinc phosphate (ZP), or with adhesive cement consisting of glass ionomer (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), or RMGIC with a bonding agent (RMGIC+DBA). After aging and thermocycling, the specimens were placed in 1% methylene blue, sectioned, and evaluated under a digital microscope. The data were compared between groups with the t test, analysis of variance, and the least significant difference test. Results: Microleakage with adhesive cements was significantly lower than with nonadhesive cements (P<.05). Differences between cements were statistically significant at P<.001. RMGIC+DBA showed the lowest microleakage, followed in increasing order by RMGIC, GIC, and ZP. The PC cement showed the greatest microleakage. Conclusions: Adhesive cements were more effective in reducing microleakage in stainless steel crowns than nonadhesive cements. Use of a bonding agent with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement yielded better results than using the latter alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Witkop tooth and nail syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia manifested by hypodontia and nail dysplasia. Tooth shape may vary, and conical and narrow crowns are common. Mandibular incisors, second molars, and maxillary canines are the most frequently missing teeth. Nail dysplasia affects the fingernails and especially the toenails and is often more severe in childhood. Nails may be spoon-shaped, ridged, slow-growing, and easily broken. We examined an Eastern Mediterranean family in which three siblings (two girls, one boy) had this syndrome. The severity of finger and toenail anomalies varied. The children's mother had no Witkop-related abnormalities, but their father was reported to have dental and nail anomalies. Early intervention is recommended to manage orofacial disfigurement and avoid negative social consequences for these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of a packable composite resin (Tetric Ceram HB) for posterior restorations of children after 3.5 years, according to Ryge criteria. Methods: Twenty five open apex molar teeth with extensive caries in 21 Iranian patients (8.2 year mean age) were restored by one operator. After caries removal, a layer of calcium hydroxide and glass ionomer base, Fuji II LC were applied. The teeth were restored using an adhesive system, Excite, and flowable composite, Tetric-Flow. The cavities were then restored incrementally with a Tetric Ceram HB. All the 25 restorations were evaluated after 3.5 years by two independent evaluators. Statistical analysis was performed using McNemar test. Results: Surface texture for all restorations was classified as excellent. There were no evidence of secondary caries and bulk fracture in any of the restorations. Regarding the items of anatomical form and marginal integrity the statistical analysis reveled a significant difference between the baseline and recall scores respectively (P=0.031 and P=0.031). Conclusions: It was concluded that Tertic Ceram HB exhibited excellent clinical performance after 3.5 years in the open apex first permanent molar teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Er:YAG etching on topography, microstructure, compressive strength, and shear bond strength (SBS) of All-Bond Universal adhesive to mineral trioxide aggregate-Angelus (AMTA) and Biodentine (BD). Methods and materials: Sixty cylindrical specimens of each cement (AMTA and BD) in five groups were prepared and stored for 72 h. The control groups were non-etched, and four other groups were acid-etched and laser-etched with a pulse energy of 60, 80, or 100 mJ, followed by compressive strength testing. Surface micromorphology and topography were evaluated. Similar groups were bonded using All-Bond Universal with self-etch and etch-and-rinse (acid-etch) approaches, and laser-etch 60, 80, and 100 mJ, and SBS was tested. Data were analyzed using two-way and one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: BD had a significantly higher compressive strength and SBS (except for laser-etch 100) compared to AMTA, regardless of the etching method (p < 0.001). Acid etching and laser etching 100 of both cements and laser etching 80 of BD alone produced a significantly lower compressive strength than that for the other groups. Contrary to BD, for AMTA, all the treatments significantly increased SBS compared to that of the self-etch group. Conclusions: Etching of AMTA was needed for stronger bonding; laser etching with 60 or 80 mJ without compromising compressive strength was recommended. Etching not only did not improve bonding ability of BD, but it also negatively affected the strength of BD. Clinical relevance: To achieve successful combined calcium silicate cement-resin material restoration, an adequate bond between the materials is mandatory. This might be provided with the ultramild adhesive through laser etching without compromising compressive strength, depending on cement composition and laser energy level used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of dental age (DA) estimates in children using the Demirjian method and the proportion of root resorption in primary teeth. Methods: Panoramic images from 497 children aged three to 11.99 years were evaluated. Individuals were classified in five groups of two-year age intervals. Seven permanent teeth in the left mandible were scored based on diagrams developed by Demirjian. The proportion of root resorption was determined in the primary mandibular left canine and primary second molar, and age was estimated according to the length of root resorption (one quarter, one half, three quarters). Results: The Demirjian method tended to overestimate DA, except for the 10- to 11.99 year-old category in girls. The greatest overestimation was in four- to 5.99- year-old children. Except for the youngest category, the difference between DA and chronological age, according to the Demirjian method, decreased with increasing age in both sexes. The root resorption method tended to underestimate age, except for canine root resorption in boys. Conclusion: Estimated DA was closest to chronological age when the former was based on canine root resorption. Both the Demirjian and root resorption methods were effective and can be used to determine age in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Figure 2 was incorrect in the original published version of this article. Correct figure in presented here. The original article has been corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]