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A comparative study of the ability to form a skill, the dynamics of its formation, and repeatability in sexually mature male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) was carried out. It was found that male hamadryas baboons of the study group demonstrate higher learning ability, training level, and repeatability of the formed skill compared to the studied male rhesus monkeys. At the same time, animals of both species demonstrated similar dynamics of skill formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estabishing the features of lethal aggression and patterns of aggressive behavior in monkeys, as well as assessing the age and sex structure of aggressors and victims, are important for tracing the evolutionary roots of lethal aggression in humans and developing the measures to prevent its manifestations in monkeys held in captivity. The aim of the study was to characterize species-specific features of conspecific lethal aggression in captive macaques, baboons and guenons. The intra-group lethal aggression events were analyzed over a 10-year period in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis), pig-tail macaques (Macaca nemestrina), green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas), and anubis baboons (Papio anubis), kept in social groups. Such events were found to occur in all the six monkey species studied. In groups consisting of adult males, the maximum frequency of occurrence of lethal aggression events was observed in the rhesus macaques, while the minimum in hamadryas baboons. Species-specific differences were found in the patterns of lethal aggression in conspecific family groups consisting of males, females, babies and juveniles. In hamadryas baboons, anubis baboons and pig-tail macaques, i.e., in species with a pronounced sexual dimorphism in body size and social status, the main form of lethal aggression in family groups was infanticide committed by a single sexually mature male. In rhesus monkeys, crab-eating macaques and green monkeys, i.e., the species characterized by a relatively mild sexual dimorphism in body size and social status, the prevailing form of lethal aggression in family groups was a coalitionary violence of females toward young and adult members of the same group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied exploratory activity and learning ability in sexually mature male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). The interspecies differences were analyzed by the following parameters: the level of exploratory activity, diversity of exploratory activity, concentration on the object, learning ability, training levels, and dynamics of learning. The studied group of hamadryas baboons showed higher levels of exploratory activity and learning ability than the group of rhesus monkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the relationship between body weight and behavioral characteristics (anxiety, social status, aggressive and exploratory behavior, and sociability) of socially housed adult male cynomolgus macaques. Of the studied parameters, only anxiety showed pronounced relationship with body weight. It is noteworthy that state anxiety demonstrated stronger relationship with body weight than trait anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study of seasonal variability of biochemical parameters of blood serum in female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in the Adler nursery of the Research Institute of Medical Primatology kept under conditions of free access to the open enclosure. It was found that in the most favorable season for monkeys (from June to September) the serum levels of sodium, phosphorus, creatinine were significantly increased and cholesterol and calcium concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly reduced. There was no seasonal variability in the content of triglycerides, urea, potassium, activity of γ-glutamyltransferase, ALT, and AST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared experimental activity, behavioral activity in the experiment, of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and baboons (Papio hamadryas). Baboons showed higher levels of experimental activity. The contrast in the activity between the species is probably associated with species-specific characteristics of the behavior and different ability to adapt under new conditions. In particular, they may be the result of lower plasticity of rhesus monkeys with respect to experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of mature male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was carried out to determine the relationships between learning ability, and behavioral parameters. In individuals with low behavioral scores of aggression, sociability, and mobility, the levels of learning, training, and skill retention were significantly higher than in individuals with higher behavioral scores. At the same time, individuals with a high level of anxiety were characterized with enhanced level of learning, training and skill stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relationship between transfer of monkeys from yard to individual cage and duration of stay in individual cage and the serum biochemical parameters is detected in Macaca mulatta males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the correlation between the rank and age of baboons (n=12) with their cognitive abilities. A positive correlation was found between performances of different tests by male. The ability to solve the tests related to bait placement depended on the age of the males and age-related hierarchical status. Four-year-old males performed these tests in 52% of cases, whereas five-year-old males, who reached a higher hierarchical status by this age solved with them in 93% of cases. In the tests for exploratory activity and the ability to learn skills, the differences between the four-year-olds and the five-year-old males are not received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive ability to solve object manipulation tasks was evaluated by 'string pulling' and 'transparent tube' tests. The string pulling task was solved by 7 of 11 animals. The task of object extraction from the tube was too difficult, not a single animal solved it. The authors conclude that Hamadryas baboons demonstrated rather poor ability to solve object manipulation tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]