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Introduction: the administration of intravenous drugs is a common practice in the hospital environment that must be carried out following standardized protocols to avoid errors that may harm the patient. Objective: to examine in scientific litrrature the effectiveness of nursing interventions based on the safe drug administration process protocol. Methodology: a systematic review of 22 articles of scientific quality was carried out, through the platforms of PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, Proquest, eBook Central, Fielweb, and EBSCO, using the keywords: "protocol", "administration", "medication", "intravenous" in Spanish and English, for the last 10 years; it was found in Spanish, English, French, and Portuguese. Results: the most used strategies for correct administration are aimed at avoiding harm to the patient, continuous training activities for nursing personnel reduce the probability of errors. New strategies such as the use of smart pumps, closed-loop management, and ready-to-apply devices are mentioned. Conclusions: in places that count and apply the protocols for the administration of drugs, errors are minor. There is not a protocol that can be used in all areas, but the strategy of the right 10 is mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 6 December 2019 we start the 10th year of the European Journal of Psychotraumatogy (EJPT), a full Open Access journal on psychotrauma. This editorial is part of a of the journal where we will acknowledge some of our most impactful articles of the past decade (also discussed below and marked with * in the reference list). In this editorial the editors present a decennial review of the field addressing a range of topics that are core to both the journal and to psychotraumatology as a discipline. These include neurobiological developments (genomics, neuroimaging and neuroendocrine research), forms of trauma exposure and impact across the lifespan, mass trauma and early interventions, work-related trauma, trauma in refugee populations, and the potential consequences of trauma such as PTSD or Complex PTSD, but also resilience. We address innovations in psychological, medication (enhanced) and technology-assisted treatments, mediators and moderators like social support and finally how new research methods help us to gain insights in symptom structures or to better predict symptom development or treatment success. We aimed to answer three questions 1. Where did we stand in 2010? 2. What did we learn in the past 10 years? 3. What are our knowledge gaps? We conclude with a number of recommendations concerning top priorities for the future direction of the field of psychotraumatology and correspondingly the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication remains a complex problem in the treatment of schizophrenia patients, especially in indigenous population. Objective The aim of the study was to assess the differences in drug adherence, measured by the attitude towards the antipsychotics among Aymara and Non-Aymara patients with schizophrenia. Method The sample consisted of patients receiving treatment in the Mental Health Public Services in Bolivia (32.8%), Peru (33.6%) and Chile (33.6%). We used the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10); the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), as a measure of side effects, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to assess the severity of the disorder. Results The findings showed that Aymara patients present less adherence than Non-Aymara people; however, these differences were not significant (t = 1.29; p = 0.19). The severity of the disorder, as well as the age, showed a significant association with adherence, revealing that younger patients and with greater symptoms presented a more negative attitude toward the drugs. Discussion and conclusion The lack of significant differences between the groups responds to three possible reasons: 1. This sample of indigenous patients is integrated on Mental Health Services that offer a clear biomedical approach where drug therapy is the primary treatment. 2. It is possible that these indigenous patients are changing their conception of mental disorder, and 3. A significant number of families have migrated to urban areas. These migratory dynamics have promoted the loss of traditions and customs of the ethnic group, which gradually adopts new and intercultural lifestyles. Professionals should be warned about applying stereotypes regarding the relationship between ethnicity and antipsychotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The medication error is more common in childhood; the recommended dose considered a margin of safety and efficacy, basic knowledge of pharmacological concepts and competences and attitudes for ministration are responsibility of professional nursing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quantitative, correlational, observational, cross-sectional study conducted in nurses of different categories of a 3rd level hospital of Mexico City, responsible for the management of high-risk medications in hospitalized children. The probabilistic sample consisted of 89 nurses equivalent to 68% of the population. To collect data two instruments were used: "Quality in the administration of intravenous medications and their effect on patient safety"; (KR20 = 0.79) Cardenas and Zarate (2009); and "Knowledge and skills ministration of high-risk medications in pediatrics" (KR20 = 0.82) López y Ponce 2014. RESULTS: In relation to compliance with the dimensions obtained that 49% have very good knowledge of range; skills obtained in 100% so are in the range of excellent; skills and 74% have a minimum level of compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Professional nursing is responsible for own professional skills for the ministering of high-risk Pediatric medications, putting at risk the safety and quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common reason for non-adherence to medication among older adults is forgetfulness. Contextual cues, such as daily routines, serve as implicit situational information that increases the retrieval process of the intended action. The main contribution is an overview of the process and the technical details of Ambient Computing displays we developed to help seniors use contextual cues to remember actions associated with medication intake (i.e. remember to take medications or remember having taken them earlier). Through a qualitative study, we obtained evidence about the potential of our technological approach to make seniors more responsible and independent for taking medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present study is to explore the relation between parents' anxiety and cognitive representations of medication in pediatric treatment of their children, seeking possible differences as a function of gender and age. A total of 1,772 parents of children attended in primary pediatric health care centers of the public health care system of Andalusia, Spain participated in this study. Of the sample, 25.1% were men and 74.9% were women. Negative beliefs about medicines were found to be associated with higher levels of anxiety in parents during primary pediatric health care. Among the variables studied, the beliefs in medication abuse predicted higher levels of anxiety. Intervention initiatives could substantially improve patients and their relatives' well-being during pediatric consultation, adherence to treatment, and lastly general satisfaction. Findings are discussed with reference to other authors, clinical implications, and the need of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the United States more than 7,000 patients die per year due to medication errors. These data include errors caused by nursing action. Aim: To identify medication errors reported by Portuguese nurses. Methodology: A mixed-descriptive, qualitative and quantitative study. The respondents were a random sample of 511 participants from the hospitals of the central region of Portugal. The first item of the questionnaire “Inappropriate nursing decisions and actions” was analyzed in this study. Results and Discussion: Fourteen categories were identified but only the category “Safe Administration of Medication” was examined with 511 recorded items. The most reported relevant medication errors fell into the subcategories “Preparation of Medication” with 112 registered items and “Administration of Medication”, with 399. Improper dilution (n=80: 15,66%) and incorrect selection of the prescribed drug (n=30: 5,87%) represent the highest percentage of reported errors in medication preparation. Errors of medication administration were mainly related to the incorrect selection of patients (n=322: 63,01%). Conclusion: The “Safe Administration of Medication” is a relevant category that emerges from the reported errors. Further to the study, the intention is to analyze the causes, as well as the decision-making processes achieved by nurses in clinical practice, as consequence of errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palliative sedation is part of the overall treatment of a patient suffering a terminal illness. Palliative care has the aim to increase the comfort and functionality of the patient as long as possible. The word sedation comes from the Latin word sedare that means to calm, to ease. It is defined as the deliberate administration of drugs, required to reduce the conscience of a patient with advanced or terminal disease, as much as needed to adequately relieve one or more refractory symptoms with his explicit consent; direct or delegated. Sedation classified as primary, can be continuous or intermittent, superficial or deep. The palliative sedation is intended to lessen the consciousness and induce sleep. To sedate a terminal patient is a medical procedure that includes a careful assessment of symptoms, clearly establishing the goals of sedation and the drugs that used. In the case of critically ill patients, death is not a distant possibility considering their clinical condition, the terminal patient's death is a certainty, because their illness has also led to a "critical" situation. Informed consent can be obtained from patients or their relatives which must necessarily be based on the patient's medical history. Palliative care is not only difficult to achieve, and sometimes it is not sensible and harmful to use. The acquired verbal consent should be considered sufficient. The Royal Dutch Medical Association recommends the use of different medications considering midazolam as the first step, then levomepromazine coupled with midazolam; as third step phenobarbital and propophol under the supervision of an anesthesiologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire was designed to assess the cognitive representation of medication. The BMQ consists of two sections: the BMQ- General and the BMQ-Specific. The aim of this instrumental study was to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Spanish version of the BMQ. In order to analyse the properties of the BMQ-Specific, a sample of 156 patients, 97 diabetics with insulin treatment and 59 patients with hypertensive treatment were used. The BMQ-General was studied with the chronic patients and with 256 undergraduates. As in the original version, for each section in the BMQ a bifactorial pattern was found. Its validity to discriminate between patients with different types of treatment was proved. Patients with insulin treatment had significantly higher scores on Specific-Necessity Scale than hypertensive patients. The internal consistency of the BMQ Scales was adequate in the three samples. The Spanish version of the BMQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing beliefs about medicines but additional research is needed not only with other groups of patients and types of treatment but also to study the relationships between the BMQ and the treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]