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Abstract  To define the Y-chromosome genetic structure in Apennine populations, 17 Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) and 37 Y-single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) were typed in 162 subjects living in the upland area of the Marches (Central Italy). A total number of 155 haplotypes (haplotype diversity was 0.9994) and 14 SNP haplogroups were observed. Testing high-resolution Y-chromosome data sets, e.g. using Yfiler and SNPs, increases the discriminatory capacity in individual identification for forensic purposes. It is also useful in autochthonous population and micro-population studies to highlight the most informative loci for evolutionary aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]