Search

The article discusses the research which shows that the Arctic Ocean has rapidly acidified over several decades because of the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It states that ocean acidification is one of the most prominent issues in marine research as a potential biological threat to marine calcifiers such as clams and pteropods and associated fisheries and its impacts to humans.

The article reports on the progression of ocean acidification in the Arctic in 2013. Topics discussed include the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, the history of ocean acidification studies in the Arctic Ocean, and the drivers of carbonate mineral undersaturations over the Arctic continental shelves.

The article focuses on the global ocean carbon cycle. Topics mentioned include the analysis of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ocean, the CO2 absorption in the ocean, and the air-sea exchange and ocean inventory of anthropogenic carbon (Canth). Also mentioned are the quality control of ocean carbon and the ocean temperature measurement.

The article highlights the global ocean carbon cycle in 2013. Topics discussed include the important role played by the ocean in the climate system, the air-sea flux of carbon dioxide climatology, and the impact of the El Niño current on global sea-air fluxes. The interannual variability for the ocean inverse models (OIM) and ocean general circulation models with biogeochmiestry (OBGCM) is mentioned.

In an intensifying effort to track ocean change and distinguish between natural and anthropogenic drivers, sustained ocean time series measurements are becoming increasingly important. Advancements in the ocean carbon observation network over the last decade, such as the development and deployment of Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2) systems, have dramatically improved our ability to characterize ocean climate, sea-air gas exchange, and biogeochemical processes. The MAPCO2 system provides high-resolution data that can measure interannual, seasonal, and sub-seasonal dynamics and constrain the impact of shortterm biogeochemical variability on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Overall uncertainty of the MAPCO2 using in situ calibrations with certified gas standards and post-deployment standard operating procedures is <2 ìatm for seawater partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and <1 ìatm for air pCO2. The MAPCO2 maintains this level of uncertainty for over 400 days of autonomous operation. MAPCO2 measurements are consistent with shipboard seawater pCO2 measurements and GLOBALVIEW-CO2 boundary layer atmospheric values. Here we provide an open-ocean MAPCO2 data set including over 100 000 individual atmospheric and seawater pCO2 measurements on 14 surface buoys from 2004 through 2011 and a description of the methods and data quality control involved. The climate-quality data provided by the MAPCO2 have allowed for the establishment of open-ocean observatories to track surface ocean pCO2 changes around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]