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Examines light-chain nephropathy in patient with renal carcinoma. Reference to overproduction with overflow secretion of the M component; Manifestations of renal tubular dysfunction; Disappearance of x-chains from serum.

Aim: In 2009, the Italian society for paediatric nephrology suggested the need for cystography, following a first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), only in children at high risk for dilating vesicoureteral reflux or in the event of a second infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of the risk factors proposed by the Italian guidelines.Methods: Children aged 2-36 months, managed by 10 Italian hospitals between 2009 and 2013, with a first febrile UTI were retrospectively evaluated.Results: Four hundred and fourteen children were included: 51% female, mean age eight months. Escherichia coli was responsible of 84% UTIs. 269 children (65%) presented at least one risk factor, thus were further investigated: 44% had a reflux. The presence of a pathogen other than E. coli significantly predicted high-grade reflux, both in the univariate (Odd Ratio 2.52, 95% Confidence Interval 1.32-4.81, p < 0.005) and multivariate analysis (OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.39-5.41, p: 0.003). 26/145 children (18%) with no risk factors experienced a second UTI, which prompted the execution of cystography, showing a dilating reflux in 11.Conclusion: Among the risk factors proposed by the Italian guidelines, only the presence of a pathogen other than E. coli significantly predicted reflux. Cystography can be postponed in children with no risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group A streptococci ( n = 123), isolated consecutively from paediatric patients with pharyngitis from Palermo, Italy, were analysed. The emm and sof genes were sequenced, the presence of the s peA and s peC genes was investigated, and the macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes were determined. A limited number of emm/sof genotypes was found, and the most prevalent types were different from those found in a previous study from Rome. Macrolide resistance was found in the most prevalent clones, suggesting that the spread of mobile antibiotic resistance genes among the fittest clones in the community was the main mechanism influencing macrolide resistance rates in different emm types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor in response to the article, "Lamivudine in hepatitis B associated membranous nephropathy," by S. Tang and colleagues Vol. 68 is presented.