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This work analyzes the intertestimonial variation that is documented between the terms brocal and cospe in a passage from the Crónica sarracina that requires amendment and whose investigation reveals not only lexical and variational data, but also the intertextuality that is present in certain chapters of the work by Pedro de Corral (ca. 1430). The documentation of these terms reveals that the primitive Amadís is one of the main sources for Corral's text and that the author relies on this work's initial version forsome fragments and, consequently, for the reproduction of these words, which have been distorted in textual tradition and barely documented in texts of the time with the registered sense and form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to analyze the processes of retextualization that shows an epistolary corpus composed of several versions of the same letter from its first textualization, carried out in the fourteenth century from the precepts of the ars dictaminis, until the seventeenth century, where it occupies a noted position in historiography. We focus on examining the linguistic variation related to the processes of linguistic elaboration oriented to the pole of communicative distance: the letters show the development of the conception of the epistolary genre from dialogue, with features of communicative orality, to authorial soliloquy of grandiloquent language and high degree of planification. Therefore, we also study how the morphology of the letter adapts to these new interests, theoretically related in this article to the processes of linguistic refection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equatorial visible/infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) is one of the ITER key diagnostics for machine protection. It has to monitor the Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) by infrared thermography and visible imaging. Foreseen to be installed in 4 equatorial port plugs to maximize the coverage of divertor, first wall, heating antennas and upper strike zone, the WAVS is composed of 15 lines of sight and 15 optical systems transferring the light along several meters from the PFCs through the port plug and interspace up to the detectors located in the port cell. After a conceptual design phase led by ITER Organization, the design is being further developed through a Framework Partnership Agreement signed between the European Domestic Agency, Fusion for Energy, and a consortium gathering CEA, CIEMAT (with INTA as third party) and Bertin Technologies company. First the WAVS measurement specifications are presented. Secondly the description of the current design is given both for the in-vessel system and for the ex-vessel one. The on-going neutronic studies are depicted as well as the cameras and data acquisition system foreseen for the back-end of the diagnostic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The exploitation of ITER tokamak will require diagnostics for machine protection, inputs to plasma control systems, evaluation and analysis of plasma parameters and performances. The equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system and the radial neutron camera are the two main diagnostics of Procurement Package 11 (PP11), one of the diagnostic procurements under the responsibility of Europe, which also contains Equatorial Port Plug 1 and seven other diagnostics supplied by Europe or other ITER partners and integrated in the same Port Plug. Significant progress has recently been made in the development of the equatorial visible/infrared wide angle viewing system and the radial neutron camera. This paper gives an overview of the major technical achievements on these two diagnostics and points out the urgent needed R&D activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The equatorial visible and infrared Wide Angle Viewing System (WAVS) for ITER is one of the key diagnostics for machine protection, plasma control and physics analysis. To achieve these objectives, the WAVS will monitor the surface temperature of the Plasma Facing Components by infrared (IR) thermography (3–5 μm range) and will image the edge plasma emission in the visible range. It will be composed of 15 lines of sight installed in four equatorial ports (no. 3, 9, 12 and 17) and will survey more than 80% of the overall area of the vacuum vessel. This paper presents the optical design of the ex-vessel optics, which is at Preliminary Design Status by the time this paper is published. The main function of the ex-vessel optics is to relay the scene image, and also the pupil image, coming from the Port-Plug Optics into a dedicated set of detectors, while keeping the required performance. The optics will work in two bands simultaneously, visible and Mid IR, and will use common refractive optics all along the optical path until it splits into the dedicated sensors at the Port Cell Cabinet. The optical system consists of several modules that comply with the different system interfaces and environmental constraints. A full description of the different modules, its function and performance, and the end to end optics performance will be described in this paper. The optics alignment strategy will be also described and the corresponding assembly and manufacturing tolerances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies characterized by ineffective differentiation of one or more bone marrow cell lineages. Only 50% of patients with de novo MDS will be found to have cytogenetic abnormalities, of which del(5q) is the most common. In 10% of MDS cases, del(5q) is found as a sole abnormality. In this work, a single cell approach was used to analyze intratumoral heterogeneity in four patients with MDS with isolated del(5q). We were able to observe that an ancestral event in one patient can appear as a secondary hit in another one, thus reflecting the high intratumoral heterogeneity in MDS with isolated del(5q) and the importance of patient-specific molecular characterization. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematological diseases. Among them, the most well characterized subtype is MDS with isolated chromosome 5q deletion (MDS del(5q)), which is the only one defined by a cytogenetic abnormality that makes these patients candidates to be treated with lenalidomide. During the last decade, single cell (SC) analysis has emerged as a powerful tool to decipher clonal architecture and to further understand cancer and other diseases at higher resolution level compared to bulk sequencing techniques. In this study, a SC approach was used to analyze intratumoral heterogeneity in four patients with MDS del(5q). Single CD34+CD117+CD45+CD19- bone marrow hematopoietic stem progenitor cells were isolated using the C1 system (Fluidigm) from diagnosis or before receiving any treatment and from available follow-up samples. Selected somatic alterations were further analyzed in SC by high-throughput qPCR (Biomark HD, Fluidigm) using specific TaqMan assays. A median of 175 cells per sample were analyzed. Inferred clonal architectures were relatively simple and either linear or branching. Similar to previous studies based on bulk sequencing to infer clonal architecture, we were able to observe that an ancestral event in one patient can appear as a secondary hit in another one, thus reflecting the high intratumoral heterogeneity in MDS del(5q) and the importance of patient-specific molecular characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]