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Backgroud: ciprofol is a new type of intravenous anesthetic, which is a tautomer of propofol, with the characteristics of less injection pain, less respiratory depression and higher potency, but little clinical experience. The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy and safety of the application of ciprofol in ambulatory surgery anesthesia in gynecology. Methods: 128 patients were selected to undergo gynecological day surgery under general anesthesia, and the patients were randomly divided into the ciprofol group and the propofol group, with 64 cases in each group. During anesthesia induction, the ciprofol group was infused at a time limit of 0.5 mg/kg for one minute, and the propofol group was infused at a time limit of 2 mg/kg for 1 min. The overall incidence of adverse events was the primary outcome for this study, while secondary outcomes included the success rate of anesthesia induction, the time of loss of consciousness, the time of awakening,top-up dose and frequency of use of rescue drugs. Results: The overall incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the ciprofol group compared with the propofol group (56.2% vs. 92.2%,P < 0.05). The success rate of anesthesia induction of ciprofol and propofol group was 100.0%. The time of loss of consciousness of the ciprofol group was longer than that of the propofol group (1.6 ± 0.4 min vs. 1.4 ± 0.2 min, P < 0.05). The time of awakening was not statistically significant (5.4 ± 2.8 min vs. 4.6 ± 1.6 min, P > 0.05). The number of drug additions and resuscitation drugs used were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Compared with propofol, ciprofol had a similar anesthetic effect in gynecological ambulatory surgery, and the incidence of adverse events in the ciprofol group was lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud: ciprofol is a new type of intravenous anesthetic, which is a tautomer of propofol, with the characteristics of less injection pain, less respiratory depression and higher potency, but little clinical experience. The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy and safety of the application of ciprofol in ambulatory surgery anesthesia in gynecology. Methods: 128 patients were selected to undergo gynecological day surgery under general anesthesia, and the patients were randomly divided into the ciprofol group and the propofol group, with 64 cases in each group. During anesthesia induction, the ciprofol group was infused at a time limit of 0.5 mg/kg for one minute, and the propofol group was infused at a time limit of 2 mg/kg for 1 min. The overall incidence of adverse events was the primary outcome for this study, while secondary outcomes included the success rate of anesthesia induction, the time of loss of consciousness, the time of awakening,top-up dose and frequency of use of rescue drugs. Results: The overall incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the ciprofol group compared with the propofol group (56.2% vs. 92.2%,P < 0.05). The success rate of anesthesia induction of ciprofol and propofol group was 100.0%. The time of loss of consciousness of the ciprofol group was longer than that of the propofol group (1.6 ± 0.4 min vs. 1.4 ± 0.2 min, P < 0.05). The time of awakening was not statistically significant (5.4 ± 2.8 min vs. 4.6 ± 1.6 min, P > 0.05). The number of drug additions and resuscitation drugs used were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Compared with propofol, ciprofol had a similar anesthetic effect in gynecological ambulatory surgery, and the incidence of adverse events in the ciprofol group was lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fetal pleural effusion may require in utero shunting which is associated with procedure-related complications. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of the newly designed Somatex shunt in treating fetal pleural effusion. Methods: Consecutive cases with primary fetal pleural effusion who were treated with the Somatex shunt between 2018 and 2019 were evaluated. Perinatal outcomes and complications were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 6 cases of unilateral and 1 case of bilateral pleural effusion, and hence a total of 8 pleuroamniotic shunting procedures were performed. The median gestational age at diagnosis and shunting was 20.7 and 22.6 weeks, respectively. All 8 procedures were successful, achieving complete in utero drainage. All but one were live births (85.7%) with a median gestational age of 38 weeks. The single case of in utero death occurred 4.7 weeks after successful shunting, and no cause could be identified after autopsy. The rates of preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes were 33.3% (2/6) and 16.7% (1/6), respectively. Four of the 8 procedures (50%) had minor shunt-related complications such as dislodgement and entrapment, occurring at a median of 7.7 weeks after shunting. None of the shunts became blocked. Conclusions: The Somatex shunt is effective in relieving fetal pleural effusions with good survival rate. Overall, it was a safe instrument, though minor shunt complications occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is a therapeutic intervention for acute cholecystitis. The benefits of cholecystostomy have been demonstrated in the medical literature, with up to 90% of acute cholecystitis cases shown to resolve postoperatively, and only 40% of patients subsequently undergoing an interval cholecystectomy. Purpose: To compare the survival outcomes between acute complicated and uncomplicated cholecystitis in patients undergoing PC as an initial intervention, as there is a paucity of evidence in the literature on this perspective. Material and Methods: A retrospective search was conducted of all patients who underwent PC for acute cholecystitis between August 2016 and December 2020 at a tertiary institution. A total of 100 patients were included in this study. Results: The outcome, in the form of 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, being alive after six months, and reintervention, was compared between complicated and uncomplicated cases using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the compared outcomes. The only variable that showed a statistically significant association with the risk of mortality was acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission. Patients who had stage 1, 2, or 3 AKI had a higher hazard for mortality as compared to patients with no kidney disease. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that PC is a safe and effective procedure. Mortality is not affected by the presence of complications. The results have, however, highlighted the importance of recognizing and treating AKI, an independent risk factor affecting mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microfluidic concentration gradient colorimetric detection system consisting of a microfluidic concentration gradient colorimetric detection chip, a self-built colorimetric signal acquisition box and a self-written smartphone APP was constructed for the rapid, in-field and visual quantitative detection of nitrite. Specifically, nitrite with initial concentration of C 0 can be automatically diluted into 8 concentration gradients characterized by arithmetic series, and the concentrations are 0, 0.20 C 0 , 0.33 C 0 , 0.46 C 0 , 0.59 C 0 , 0.72 C 0 , 0.86 C 0 and C 0. The colorimetric signal acquisition box avoided the interference of light spots on data acquisition. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the quantitative detection of nitrite was achieved by the proposed two-step colorimetric method based on the inhibition of AuNPs signal amplification, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.14 mg/L. The microfluidic concentration gradient colorimetric detection system was able to detect nitrite as low as 0.43 mg/L and showed a good specificity. The practical application was investigated by analyzing 10 actual samples of river and lake water, pure water and tap water. The recoveries of the microfluidic concentration gradient colorimetric detection system ranged from 94.92% to 105.60%, which indicates that the method had a good application prospect in the detection of practical samples. [Display omitted] • A microfluidic concentration gradient detection system was designed for nitrite. • The formed concentration gradient has the characteristics of arithmetic series. • A method based on inhibition of AuNPs amplification was developed for nitrite. • A signal acquisition box and a smartphone APP were used for data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antiemetic agents preoperatively can help reduce the discomfort and postoperative complications experienced by canine surgery patients. The goal of this randomized blinded controlled clinical trial was to determine if dry needle stimulation at acupoints PC-6, ST-36 and LI-4 could reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting in healthy dogs receiving an acepromazine and morphine injection prior to elective surgical procedures. Twenty-nine clinically healthy dogs were randomly divided into two groups. Ten minutes priorto receiving an acepromazine maleate and morphine sulphate injection, the Test Group received dry needle acupuncture stimulation at LI-4, PC-6 and ST-36 and the Control Group received sham acupuncture at LU-5, BL-36 and BL-40. The outcomes measured included the presence or absence of lip-licking, nausea or vomiting occurring within 10 minutes after receiving acepromazine/morphine premedication. Twelve out of 15 (80%) subjects in the Control Group exhibited vomiting after receiving acepromazine/morphine injection, whereas only 3 out of 14 (21.4%) subjects in the Test Group exhibited vomiting (p = 0.0028). To a lesser degree, and not achieving statistical significance under the sample size of this study, a 15% trend toward nausea reduction (11/14 test versus 14/15 control) was exhibited in the Test Group. The study concluded there was a statistically significant anti-emetic effect of presurgical acupuncture treatment at PC-6, ST-36 and LI-4. These findings support the use of these acupoints by clinicians to reduce vomiting induced by acepromazine/morphine injection in healthy dogs undergoing an elective surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella has been recognized as a major foodborne pathogen for humans and animals. In this study, a multiplex real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed for simultaneous detection of Salmonella enterica serovars, Salmonellaenteritidis and Salmonellatyphimurium, from chicken, eggs, lettuce, and papaya. The reaction was performed for 20 min at 35°C, and the detection limit of the assay was 102 CFU/ml for pure culture. In food application, the limit of detection (LOD) of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium using multiplex real‐time RPA without enrichment procedure was 102 CFU/25 g, respectively. After enrichment, the LOD of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium was 10 CFU/25 g. Moreover, the result for Salmonella spp. was not significantly different from those obtained using a culture‐based method. Additionally, the assay has a lower cross‐reactivity with other pathogenic microorganisms and a good stability performance. Thus, the developed multiplex RPA assay could be used as a rapid tool for the detection of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the role of microRNA (miR-21) in new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as mediated by different concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Methods: Fibroblasts isolated fromthe hips of patients with ASwere induced to osteogenesis. These cellswere then stimulated with varying concentrations of TNF-α. MicroRNA-21 expressions were evaluated using reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and osteogenesis was detected via Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Relative expressions of p-STAT3, Nuclear STAT3, cytoplasm STAT3, Runx2, BMP2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and LC3B in AS fibroblasts weremeasured after exposure to different concentrations of TNF-α. The STAT3-inhibiting small interfering RNA allowed further exploration on its impact on miR-21 and primary miR-21 expressions. A proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA) Balb/c mouse model was established in order to monitor sacroiliac joint (SIJ) inflammation and subsequent damage through magnetic resonance image. Serum miR-21 and TNF-α expressions were evaluated using RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At week 16, micemodelswere transfected intravenouslywith miR-21overexpressing agomir and miR-21 inhibiting antagomir for 7 successive days. The rate of abnormal bone formation at SIJ was evaluated using microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining at week 24. Western blot analysis enabled quantification of STAT-3, JAK-2, and interleukin (IL)-17A expressions present in the SIJ. Results: The in vitro miR-21 expression and osteogenesis activity were noted to be augmented in the setting of low TNF-α concentrations (0.01-0.1 ng/mL) while they were depressed in settings with higher TNF-α concentrations (1-10 ng/mL). Samples with the most distinct ARS manifestation and ALP activity as well as the highest miR-21 expressions were those who received 0.1 ng/mL of TNF-a. Primary miR-21 was found to be notable raised by Si-STAT3, while the converse effect was seen in mature miR-21 expressions. Intravenous injection of exogenous miR-21 contributed to new bone formation and significantly elevated expressions of STAT3, JAK2, and IL-17 in PGIA mice. Conclusions: The results revealed that miR-21may act as a potential mediator between newbone formation and inflammation inAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel microfluidic colorimetric immunoassay was developed using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for indicating different concentrations of altenariol monomethyl ether (AME), and UV spectroscopy and smart phone imaging for monitoring color change of the GNPs. Norland Optical Adhesive 81 (NOA 81) was used for simple and rapid fabrication of the microfluidic chip. AME-BSA modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-BSA-AME) were used as capture probe and the self-magnetism for rapid separation and purification. AME monoclonal antibodies modified gold nanoparticles (GNP-mAbs) which dried on conjugate pad were used as detection probe and the self-catalyst for signal amplification. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed microfluidic colorimetric immunoassay was able to detect AME as low as 12.5 pg/mL for UV spectroscopy (574 nm), and 200 pg/mL for smart phone imaging. The total analysis time is less than 15 min. The immunoassay also has a lower cross-reactivity to AME analogues. It was also evaluated by analyzing fruit samples spiked with AME. The recoveries ranged from 91.19% to 94.15% for UV spectroscopy, and from 90.63% to 93.9% for smart phone imaging. This method can be used for rapid, sensitive, low-cost and portable point-of care testing (POCT) of other mycotoxins or haptens in food samples. Image 1 • A microfluidic colorimetric immunoassay by using UV spectroscopy and smart phone for monitoring color change of the GNPs. • The immunoassay was able to detect AME as low as 12.5 pg/mL for UV spectroscopy, and 200 pg/mL for smart phone imaging. • The recoveries of AME from spiked fruits were 91.19-94.15% for UV spectroscopy, and 90.63 93.9% for smart phone imaging. • The immunoassay has a simple, low cost and small smart phone app device for data processing and real-time application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt iron oxide nanotube arrays with various wall thicknesses were prepared by atomic layer deposition in porous anodic alumina template. Nanotubes uniform in thickness and homogeneous in composition can be obtained with aspect ratios on the order of 50. These nanotubes have a polycrystalline spinel structure. Both the mean grain size and the grain size distribution increase with the tube wall thickness. Correspondingly, their magnetic properties (remanence and coercive field) also have a strong dependence on the thickness for measurements carried out at 300 K. This dependence is attributed to the superparamagnetic behavior of the grains that constitute the nanotube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) is one of the major Alternaria mycotoxins present in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, grains, and their products, and possesses the properties of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive colorimetric immunosensor based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was firstly developed for the detection of AME in fruit by nonaggregated gold nanoparticles (GNPs). AME-BSA-Fe3O4 MNP conjugates and free AME molecules in samples competitively bind with monoclonal antibody (mAb)-GNP conjugates. After magnetic separation, the UV absorbance of the nonaggregated GNP supernatant was measured directly. The absorption intensity was proportional to the concentration of AME in the sample. Carboxyl-group-modified AME, AME-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates, anti-AME mAbs, AME-BSA-Fe3O4 MNP conjugates, and mAb-GNP conjugates were prepared and characterized. The effect of GNP sizes (16, 24, and 40 nm) on the colorimetric determination of AME was studied. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection and the linear range for AME were 0.16 ng/mL and 0.08-0.48 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, the colorimetric immunosensor developed has lower cross-reactivity with AME analogues. The recoveries of spiked fruits ranged from 80.6% to 90.7%. The colorimetric immunosensor developed provides a promising method for simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and highly specific detection of other mycotoxins in the field of food safety.Competitive colorimetric immunosensor based on MNPs for the detection of AME by non-aggregated GNPs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weight bias issues are rarely discussed in Asian. Therefore, we examined the relationships between weight bias, perceived weight stigma (PWS), eating behavior, and psychological distress among Hong Kong people. Using cross-sectional design, 400 undergraduate students (175 men) completed questionnaires and were assigned into a self-reported overweight (n = 61) or nonoverweight group (n = 339) using body mass index, and a self-perceived overweight (n = 84) or nonoverweight group (n = 316) based on self-perception. For self-reported and self-perceived overweight groups, more weight bias was related to higher depression (β = -0.403; p = 0.004). Self-perceived group additionally showed that weight bias was related to PWS and inappropriate eating behaviors; PWS related to inappropriate eating behaviors. For self-reported and self-perceived nonoverweight groups, weight bias was related to PWS, inappropriate eating behaviors, anxiety, and depression (β = -0.228 to -0.148; p's < 0.05); PWS was associated with inappropriate eating behaviors, anxiety, and depression. Thus, weight bias issues should not be ignored for both overweight and nonoverweight people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presynaptic active zone provides sites for vesicle docking and release at central nervous synapses and is essential for speed and accuracy of synaptic transmission. Liprin-α binds to several active zone proteins, and loss-of-function studies in invertebrates established important roles for Liprin-α in neurodevelopment and active zone assembly. However, Liprin-α localization and functions in vertebrates have remained unclear. We used stimulated emission depletion superresolution microscopy to systematically determine the localization of Liprin-α2 and Liprin-α3, the two predominant Liprin-α proteins in the vertebrate brain, relative to other active-zone proteins. Both proteins were widely distributed in hippocampal nerve terminals, and Liprin-α3, but not Liprin-α2, had a prominent component that colocalized with the active-zone proteins Bassoon, RIM, Munc13, RIM-BP, and ELKS. To assess Liprin-α3 functions, we generated Liprin-α3-KO mice by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We found reduced synaptic vesicle tethering and docking in hippocampal neurons of Liprin-α3-KO mice, and synaptic vesicle exocytosis was impaired. Liprin-α3 KO also led to mild alterations in active zone structure, accompanied by translocation of Liprin-α2 to active zones. These findings establish important roles for Liprin-α3 in active-zone assembly and function, and suggest that interplay between various Liprin-α proteins controls their active-zone localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated PLLA crystallization in lamellae-forming PS-b-PLLA confined to straight cylindrical nanopores under weak confinement (nanopore diameter D/equilibrium PS-b-PLLA period L0 ≥ 4.8). Molten PS-b-PLLA predominantly forms concentric lamellae along the nanopores, but intertwined helices occur even for D/L0 ≈ 7.3. Quenching PS-b-PLLA melts below TG(PS) results in PLLA cold crystallization strictly confined by the vitrified PS domains. Above TG(PS), PLLA crystallization is templated by the PS-b-PLLA melt domain structure in the nanopore centers, while adsorption on the nanopore walls stabilizes the outermost cylindrical PS-b-PLLA shell. In between, the nanoscopic PS-b-PLLA melt domain structure apparently ripens to reduce frustrations transmitted from the outermost immobilized PS-b-PLLA layer. The onset of PLLA crystallization catalyzes the ripening while transient ripening states are arrested by advancing PLLA crystallization. Certain helical structure motifs persist PLLA crystallization even if PS is soft. The direction of fastest PLLA crystal growth is preferentially aligned with the nanopore axes to the same degree as for PLLA homopolymer, independent of whether PS is vitreous or soft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reviewed the multiplex PCR results of 20,127 respiratory specimens tested in a hospital setting from January 2014 to April 2023. The seasonal oscillation patterns of 17 respiratory viruses were studied. Compared with 2014–2019, a prominent drop in PCR positivity (from 64.46–69.21% to 17.29–29.89%, p < 0.001) and virus diversity was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with predominance of rhinovirus/enterovirus, sporadic spikes of parainfluenza viruses 3 and 4, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2, and rare detection of influenza viruses, metapneumovirus, adenovirus and coronaviruses. The suppressed viruses appeared to regain activity from the fourth quarter of 2022 when pandemic interventions had been gradually relaxed in Hong Kong. With the co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal respiratory viruses, surveillance of their activity and an in-depth understanding of the clinical outcomes will provide valuable insights for improved public health measures and reducing disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead ion (Pb 2 + ) is a kind of toxic metal pollutant that widely spread in the environment, which is of serious concern to human health. So it is of great significance to develop simple, fast method for the detection of Pb 2 + . Up to now, a number of DNA sensors have been designed to recognize Pb 2 + , especially DNAzyme-based sensors have attracted much attention due to its advantages, such as high selectivity and sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of two types of DNAzyme-based sensors for the detection of toxic Pb 2 + , including Pb 2 + -specific DNAzyme and G-quadruplex DNAzyme sensors. On the basis of the sensor transducers and their signal types, development and applications of fluorescent DNAzyme sensors, colorimetric DNAzyme sensors and electrochemical DNAzyme sensors are to be discussed in this paper. These DNAzyme-based sensors are highly sensitive and selective toward Pb 2 + , and has proved to be a useful tool in the potential application for on-site and real-time real sample (such as environmental and biological samples) monitoring in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A portable distance-based microfluidic aptasensor with sample-in-answer-out capability was designed for equipment-free, in-filed, visual quantitative detection of Salmonella by microcolumns-based vortex on-line micromixing and incubation, nitrocellulose membranes fixed with single-strand binding proteins (SSBP-NCMs)-based enrichment and separation, and distance-readout based visual quantitative detection. Specifically, aptamers modified with biotin (bio-aptamers) were used as detection probes and reacted with Salmonella typhimurium. The replaceable SSBP-NCMs with high adsorbability captured free bio-aptamers, making the microfluidic chips reusable. The formed bio-aptamer-SSBP-NCMs combined with horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin (HRP-SA) which catalyzes hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) to produce oxygen (O 2). O 2 pushed the red gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to move a certain distance along serpentine channel. Hence, the readable distance signals were proportional to the concentrations of Salmonella in samples. The developed distance-based microfluidic aptasensor can detect Salmonella typhimurium as low as 3.7 × 101 cfu mL−1 and exhibited a good specificity and reliability. A portable, reusable and low-cost distance-based microfluidic aptasensor was designed for equipment-free and visual quantitative detection of Salmonella typhimurium by microcolumns-based vortex on-line micromixing and incubation, SSBP-NCMs based enrichment and separation, and distance-readout based visual quantitative detection. [Display omitted] • A distance-based microchip was designed for Salmonella with a LOD of 37 cfu mL−1. • SSBP-aptamer was firstly introduced into visualized colorimetric biosensor. • Microcolumn-based vortex channel was designed for on-line mixing and incubation. • Replaceable NCM-SSBP used for enrichment and separation and make chip reusable. • An eye-readable distance signal was used for rapid, in-field, visual detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A label-free sensing assay for ethanolamine (EA) detection based on G-quadruplex-EA binding interaction is presented by using G-rich aptamer DNA (Ap-DNA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The presence of K + induces the Ap-DNA to form a K + -stabilized G-quadruplex structure which provides binding sites for EA. The sensing mechanism was further confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and EIS measurement. As a result, the charge transfer resistance ( R CT ) is strongly increased as demonstrated by using the ferro/ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− ) as a redox probe. Under the optimized conditions, a linear relationship between Δ R CT and EA concentration was obtained over the range of 0.16 nM and 16 nM EA, with a detection limit of 0.08 nM. Interference by other selected chemicals with similar structure was negligible. Analytical results of EA spiked into tap water and serum by the sensor suggested the assay could be successfully applied to real sample analysis. With the advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity and simple sensor construction, this method is potentially suitable for the on-site monitoring of EA contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Three dimensional analysis of the face is required for the assessment of complex changes following surgery, pathological conditions and to monitor facial growth. The most suitable method may be “dense surface correspondence”. Materials and Methods: This method utilizes a generic facial mesh and “conformation process” to establish anatomical correspondences between two facial images. The aim of this study was to validate the use of conformed meshes to measure simulated maxillary and mandibular surgical movements. The “simulation” was performed by deforming the actual soft tissues of the participant during image acquisition. The study was conducted on 20 volunteers and used 77 facial landmarks pre-marked over six anatomical regions; left cheek, right cheek, left upper lip, philtrum, right upper lip and chin region. Each volunteer was imaged at rest and after performing 5 different simulated surgical procedures using 3D stereophotogrammetry. The simulated surgical movement was determined by measuring the Euclidean distances and the mean absolute x, y and z distances of the landmarks making up the six regions following digitization. A generic mesh was then conformed to each of the aligned six facial 3D images. The same six regions were selected on the aligned conformed simulated meshes and the surgical movement determined by determining the Euclidean distances and the mean absolute x, y and z distances of the mesh points making up the six regions were determined. Results: In all cases the mean Euclidian distance between the simulated movement and conformed region was less than 0.7mm. For the x, y and z directions the majority of differences in the mean absolute distances were less than 1.0mm except in the x-direction for the left and right cheek regions, which was above 2.0mm. Conclusions: This concludes that the conformation process has an acceptable level of accuracy and is a valid method of measuring facial change between two images i.e. pre- and post-surgery. The conformation accuracy is higher toward the center of the face than the peripheral regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to explore nurses' knowledge of universal health coverage (UHC) for inclusive and sustainable development of elderly care services. Method: this was a cross-sectional survey. A convenience sample of 326 currently practicing enrolled nurses (EN) or registered nurses (RN) was recruited. Respondents completed a questionnaire which was based on the implementation strategies advocated by the WHO Global Forum for Governmental Chief Nursing Officers and Midwives (GCNOMs). Questions covered the government initiative, healthcare financing policy, human resources policy, and the respondents' perception of importance and contribution of nurses in achieving UHC in elderly care services. Results: the knowledge of nurses about UHC in elderly care services was fairly satisfactory. Nurses in both clinical practice and management perceived themselves as having more contribution and importance than those in education. They were relatively indifferent to healthcare policy and politics. Conclusion: the survey uncovered a considerable knowledge gap in nurses' knowledge of UHC in elderly care services, and shed light on the need for nurses to be more attuned to healthcare policy. The educational curriculum for nurses should be strengthened to include studies in public policy and advocacy. Nurses can make a difference through their participation in the development and implementation of UHC in healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase filtering is one of the key steps in interferometric synthetic aperture radar; its precision will directly lead to the phase unwrapping quality, thereby affect generating DEM reliability. For original algorithm causes inaccurate result in unevenly distributed noise region, so local frequency adaptive filtering method based on SNR is proposed. The local SNR is based on frequency estimation window size, and variable window is used to filter phase, this can make the areas with low SNR strongly filter, while those with high SNR weakly filter. Using simulation and real data to do experiments, results show that this paper method not only can effectively reduce noise, but also can better maintain detail stripes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donors often condition foreign aid to recipients on policy adjustments. How do domestic interest groups influence a donor’s ability to credibly commit to implementing threats and promises? In our model, domestic interest groups in the donor country can mobilize to support the donor’s implementation of punishments and rewards. The expectation of such mobilization influences the credibility of threats and promises at the prior contracting stage. The analysis produces three central findings. First, the donor chooses to rely on a single instrument when the domestic interest group exhibits a strong preference for that instrument, even if the cost of using that instrument is relatively high. Second, for credibility reasons the donor often promises generous rewards or threatens ruthless sanctions that seem out of proportion. Finally, the donor cannot simultaneously make credible threats and promises unless domestic interest groups mobilize to support both instruments. We examine the case of US foreign aid to Israel and Palestine to illustrate these theoretical propositions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) is most frequently used for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, this technique is time-consuming and requires a substantial sample volume. We have developed (a) a new kind of colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip, and (b) a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic microchip for simultaneous, rapid, and visual detection of IL-6 and TNF-α. The lowest limit of detection is 62.5 ng mL for IL-6, and 30 ng mL for TNF-α. Both the strip method and the microchip method are highly specific, user-friendly, and can be read out without the need for instrumentation. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip grafted with poly( N-isopropylacrylamide-3-acrylamidephenylboronic acid) (P(NIPAAm-co-AAPBA)) was fabricated by UV-induced grafting polymerization for the capture-release of cis-diol-containing biomolecules by temperature-modulated changes instead of changing the pH value of the mobile phase. Based on the optimal time for benzophenone soaking and UV irradiation of grafting polymerization, P(NIPAAm-co-AAPBA) was successfully grafted on the polydimethylsiloxane substrates, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The P(NIPAAm-co-AAPBA)-grafted polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip can be successfully used for the capture and release of cis-diol-containing adenosine by adjusting the temperature from 4 to 55°C, and the result was validated by Triple Quad liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. With further development, the fabricated polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chips might be chosen as a potential tool for the capture and release of cis-diol-containing macromolecules, such as horseradish peroxidase and glycoprotein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has previously been demonstrated for the role of NK cells in specific elimination of healthy stem cells (e.g. hMSC, hDPSC, hESC, hiPSC) as well as cancer stem cells, but not their differentiated counterparts. There is also a stage-wise susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cyto-toxicity in tumors, in which case the poorly-differentiated tumors are lysed much more than moderately-differentiated tumors. Well-differentiated tumors were lysed the least compared to either moderately- or poorly-differentiated tumors. It has also been reported that inhibition of differentiation or reversion of cells to a less-differentiated stage by blocking NF- κB or by gene deletion of COX2 significantly augmented NK cell cytotoxicity against both transformed and healthy cells. Additionally, the cytotoxic function of NK cells was severely inhibited against stem cells when they were cultured in the presence of monocytes. Therefore, it is proposed that CD16+CD56dimCD69− NK cells were important for the selection of stem cells, whereas the CD16dim/−CD56dim/+CD69+ anergized NK cells were important for differentiation and eventual regeneration of the tissues and the resolution of inflammation, thus potentially serving as regulatory NK (NKreg) cells. The concept of 'split anergy' in NK cells and the generation of NKreg cells with regard to contributions to cell differentiation, tissue repair and regeneration and in tumor resistance are discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Influenza epidemics and pandemics are constant threats to human health. The application of antiviral drugs provides an immediate and direct control of influenza virus infection. At present, the major strategy for managing patients with influenza is through targeting conserved viral proteins critical for viral replication. Two classes of conventional antiviral drugs, the M2 ion channel blockers and the neuraminidase inhibitors, are frequently used. In recent years, increasing levels of resistance to both drug classes has become a major public health concern, highlighting the urgent need for the development of alternative treatments. Novel classes of antiviral compounds or biomolecules targeting viral replication mechanism are under development, using approaches including high-throughput small-molecule screening platforms and structure-based designs. In response to influenza virus infection, host cellular mechanisms are triggered to defend against the invaders. At the same time, viruses as obligate intracellular pathogens have evolved to exploit cellular responses in support of their efficient replication, including antagonizing the host type I interferon response as well as activation of specific cellular pathways at different stages of the replication cycle. Numerous studies have highlighted the possibility of targeting virus–host interactions and host cellular mechanisms to develop new treatment regimens. This review aims to give an overview of current and novel concepts targeting the virus and the host for managing influenza. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Neurotransmission requires anterograde axonal transport of dense core vesicles (DCVs) containing neuropeptides and active zone components from the soma to nerve terminals. However, it is puzzling how one-way traffic could uniformly supply sequential release sites called en passant boutons. Here, Drosophila neuropeptide-containing DCVs are tracked in vivo for minutes with a new method called simultaneous photobleaching and imaging (SPAIM). Surprisingly, anterograde DCVs typically bypass proximal boutons to accumulate initially in the most distal bouton. Then, excess distal DCVs undergo dynactin-dependent retrograde transport back through proximal boutons into the axon. Just before re-entering the soma, DCVs again reverse for another round of anterograde axonal transport. While circulating over long distances, both anterograde and retrograde DCVs are captured sporadically in en passant boutons. Therefore, vesicle circulation, which includes long-range retrograde transport and inefficient bidirectional capture, overcomes the limitations of one-way anterograde transport to uniformly supply release sites with DCVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The homeobox gene BP1 is expressed in over 80% of breast cancers and is associated with tumor progression and invasion. However, the mechanism of BP1 activation in these tumors remains unknown. Therefore our aim in this study is to assess the amplification status of the BP1 gene in breast cancer and to determine whether BP1 protein expression is caused by gene amplification in these tumors. BP1 amplification and expression were assessed in 36 samples. Twenty primary breast tumors (PBT) and 14 sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Because of the close proximity of BP1 and HER2/NEU genes on 17q, correlation between their amplification/expression was also investigated. Increased BP1 copy number was observed in 33% of the cases, with a frequency of 36% and 29% in the PBT and SLN metastasis, respectively. BP1 protein was expressed in 91% of the samples: in all of the PBT with increased BP1 copy number and 65% of PBT with normal copy number. HER2/NEU amplification was detected in 22% of the cases. Concordance between BP1 and HER2/NEU copy numbers was found in 68% of the PBT and 90% of the SLN metastasis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the BP1 homeobox gene is amplified in breast cancer, both in PBT and SLN metastasis, with a significant correlation with HER2/NEU amplification. Considering that BP1 expression was observed in cases with both increased and normal BP1 copy number, we conclude that other mechanisms in addition to gene amplification play a role in BP1 protein expression. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Carcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare occurrence. In this paper, the authors report on a case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube that was initially misdiagnosed as endometrial carcinoma. The diagnostic dilemma and implications are discussed. (J GYNECOL SURG 23:41) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (CK) 34ßE12 has been routinely used to elucidate prostate basal cells for differentiation between non-invasive and invasive lesions. Our previous studies, however, revealed that some morphologically distinct basal cells observed on H&E-stained sections completely lacked CK34ßE12 expression. Our current study attempted to assess whether these basal cells would also lack the expression of other phenotypic markers, and whether basal cell alterations would affect the proliferation status of the associated tumor cells. Consecutive sections from prostate tumors with large basal cell clusters that were morphologically distinct in H&E sections but were completely negative for CK 34ßE12 were morphologically and immunohistochemically assessed with a panel of basal cell phenotypic and other markers. In addition to CK 34ßE12, these basal cells also completely lacked the expression of other phenotypic markers, including CK5, CK14, p63, and maspin, in contrast to adjacent basal cells, which were strongly positive for these markers. Tumors surrounded by basal cell layers that lack the expression of basal cell phenotypic markers showed a significantly higher rate of cell proliferation and mast cell infiltration than their counterparts. These findings suggest that basal cells might be targets of a variety of pathological alterations, which could significantly impact biological presentations of associated tumor cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: The development of human breast cancer may be a multistep process, sequentially undergoing normal, hyperplastic, in situ, invasive, and metastatic stages. Methods: Our previous and current studies have revealed that a subset of morphologically normal-appearing and hyperplastic breast tissues adjacent to or distant from malignant breast lesions contained cell clusters that showed malignancy-associated immunohistochemical and cytological alterations. Results: Compared to their morphologically similar counterparts within the same lesion, these cell clusters exhibited several unique features: (1) a significantly increased frequency of focal disruptions in surrounding myoepithelial cell layers and the loss of estrogen receptor expression, (2) signs of stromal and vascular invasion, (3) distinct alterations in the cytoplasmic-nuclear ratio and nuclear shape, size, and polarity, (4) the expression of multiple malignancy-associated biomarkers, and (5) malignancy-associated nuclear changes in benign-appearing cells. Conclusions: These changes are likely to reflect DNA structural abnormalities resulting from the disposition of DNA and RNA structural defects or cancer susceptibility genes that facilitate progression and invasion, or to suggest that breast tumor progression and invasion may not always follow the hypothesized sequences. Thus, an integrated immunohistochemical and cytological assessment might facilitate the differential diagnosis, early detection and prevention of malignant breast lesions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The variations of membrane bound total sialic acid (TSA) and lipid peroxidation level dependent on the antioxidant enzyme activities such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) have been studied in yeast extract supplemented medium. The maximum SOD and CAT activities of F. equiseti tended to increase with raises of yeast extract concentration up to 25 g/L where they were determined to be 78.6 ± 0.96 and 312.7 ± 5.6 lU/mg. On the other hand, SOD and CAT activities in F. acuminatum significantly increased with the rise of yeast extract concentration up to 10 g/L (p < 0.01) and maximum activities were observed at this concentration as 36.3 ± 0.54 and 115.3 ± 2.19 IU/mg on the 12th day incubation. Other H2O2 scavenger enzyme, GSH-Px activities of F. equiseti and F. acuminatum were reached the maximum at 5 and 25 g/L yeast extract and determined as 5.06 ± 0.04 and 4.74 ± 0.09 IU/mg, respectively, TSA level showed positive correlation with SOD and CAT activities while LPO levels variations negatively correlated. The results may indicate that these antioxidant enzymes also appeared to be involved in protecting membrane bound sialic acids as well as membrane lipid of the fungus from exogenous reactive oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Our previous studies in pre-invasive mammary tumors revealed that estrogen receptor negative cell clusters (ER NCC) overlying focally disrupted myoepithelial (ME) cell layers showed a significantly higher rate of genetic abnormalities and cell proliferation than adjacent cells without ME cell layer disruptions. A subset of these ER NCC, however, completely lacked expression of Ki-67, a most commonly used marker for cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to further elucidate the immunohistochemical and morphological profiles of these ER NCC. Methods: Fifteen cases with such ER NCC were selected from our previous studies and assessed with a panel of commonly used biomarkers for cell proliferation, tumor progression, and normal stem cells. Results: Immunohistochemically, in addition to Ki-67 and ER, these ER NCC completely lacked expression of all other proliferation and progression related markers that were distinctly expressed in adjacent cells within the same duct but overlying the non-disrupted ME cell layer. These ER NCC also lacked expression of all normal stem cell-related markers tested. These cell clusters, however, showed a higher and atypical expression of c-erb-B2, compared to their adjacent counterparts. Morphologically, these ER NCC were generally arranged as triangle shaped structures penetrating into the stroma, similar to micro-invasive lesions. About 15% of these ER NCC appeared to directly spread into blood vessel-like structures. These ER NCC and their possible derivatives within the stroma and blood vessels-like structures shared the same morphologic and immunohistochemical features. No comparable ER positive cell clusters were identified in any of the cases. Conclusions: These findings suggest that these ER NCC and their possible derivatives are likely regulated by yet to be defined molecules and mechanisms, and they are unlikely to respond to currently available anti-mitotic agents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To assess the potential correlation between basal cell layer disruptions and leukocyte infiltration, consecutive sections of normal (n =5) and tumor (n =50) prostate tissues were double immunostained for cytokeratin 34βE12 (CK 34βE12) plus leukocyte common antigen, Ki-67, or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Of 2047 acini and ducts examined, 201 contained focal basal cell layer disruptions. Of those, 183 (91%) showed leukocyte infiltration, compared to 67 (33.3%) in 201 morphologically comparable structures with an intact basal cell layer (P &#60;0.01). Basal cell layers adjacent to or surrounded by leukocytes were often attenuated or fragmented, and leukocytes were generally located at or near disruptions. Disrupted basal cell layers showed a markedly reduced proliferation rate, compared to their non-disrupted counterparts. Cells overlying focal basal cell layer disruptions often displayed distinct changes in the size, nuclear shape, density, and polarity, compared to those away from disruptions. A vast majority of proliferating tumor cells were located at or near basal cell layer disruptions. These findings suggest that focal basal cell layer disruptions and leukocyte infiltration are correlated events, representing a potential trigger factor for prostate tumor invasion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Human breast epithelium and the stroma are separated by a layer of myoepithelial (ME) cells and basement membrane, whose disruption is a prerequisite for tumor invasion. The dissolution of the basement membrane is traditionally attributed primarily to an over-production of proteolytic enzymes by the tumor or the surrounding stromal cells. The results from matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor clinical trials, however, suggest that this “protease-centered” hypothesis is inadequate to completely reflect the molecular mechanisms of tumor invasion. The causes and signs of ME cell layer disruption are currently under-explored. Our studies revealed that a subset of pre- and micro-invasive tumors contained focal disruptions in the ME cell layers. These disruptions were associated with immunohistochemical and genetic alterations in the overlying tumor cells, including the loss of estrogen receptor expression, a higher frequency of loss of heterozygosity, and a higher expression of cell cycle, angiogenesis, and invasion-related genes. Focal ME layer disruptions were also associated with a higher rate of epithelial proliferation and leukocyte infiltration. We propose the novel hypothesis that a localized death of ME cells and immunoreactions that accompany an external environmental insult or internal genetic alterations are triggering factors for ME layer disruptions, basement membrane degradation, and subsequent tumor progression and invasion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A microfluidic colorimetric biosensor was developed using thiolated polystyrene microspheres for aggregating of AuNPs, a hose-based microvalve for controlling the flow direction, and a smartphone imaging APP for monitoring colorimetric signals. [Display omitted] • A microfluidic colorimetric biosensor was developed for detecting Salmonella. • SH-PSs were firstly used in colorimetric biosensor through the capture of AuNPs. • A hose-based microvalve was designed for controlling the flow direction of fluid. • A portable smartphone imaging APP based on HSL was used for data processing. A microfluidic colorimetric biosensor was developed using thiolated polystyrene microspheres (SH-PSs) for aggregating of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a novel hose-based microvalve for controlling the flow direction, and a smartphone imaging APP for monitoring colorimetric signals. Aptamer-PS-cysteamine conjugates were used as detection probes and reacted with Salmonella in samples. Complementary DNA - magnetic nanoparticle (cDNA - MNP) conjugates were used as capture probes, reacted with the free aptamer-PS-cysteamine conjugates. AuNPs were aggregated on the surface of Salmonella -aptamer-PS-cysteamine conjugates, resulting in a visible color change in the detection chamber, which indicating different concentrations of Salmonella. The limit of detection was low to 6.0 × 101 cfu/mL. The microfluidic biosensor exhibited a good specificity. It was evaluated by analyzing salad samples spiked with Salmonella. The recoveries ranged from 91.68% to 113.76%, which indicated its potential application in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BIOFIRE SPOTFIRE Respiratory (R) Panel is a novel, in vitro diagnostic PCR assay with 15 pathogen targets. The runtime is about 15 min which is the shortest among similar panels in the market. We evaluated the performance of the SPOTFIRE R Panel with 151 specimens, including 133 collected from the upper respiratory tract (URT), 13 from the lower respiratory tract (LRT) and 5 external quality assessment program (EQAP) samples. The respiratory specimens were enrolled throughout the first two post-COVID-19 influenza seasons in Hong Kong (March to December 2023). For URT specimens, full concordance was observed between the SPOTFIRE R Panel and the standard-of-care FilmArray Respiratory 2.1 plus Panel (RP2.1plus) for 109 specimens (109/133, 81.95%). After discrepant analysis, the SPOTFIRE R Panel identified more pathogens than the RP2.1plus in 15 specimens and vice versa in 3 specimens. The per-target negative and positive percentage agreement (NPA and PPA) were 92.86–100% except the PPA of adenovirus (88.24%). For LRT and EQAP samples, all results were fully concordant. To conclude, the performance of the SPOTFIRE R Panel was comparable to the RP2.1plus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin films of the ternary oxides nickel ferrite and cobalt ferrite are created by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from the metallocenes and ozone. Their chemical stoichiometry and magnetic properties can be adjusted by the ALD parameters. Cobalt ferrite is crystalline (spinel phase) and ferrimagnetic without postsynthetic thermal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dissolution velocity of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal during urate-lowering therapy (ULT) had been inadequately studied. By using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), which allows accurate assessment of MSU load, we analyze relationship between serum urate (SU) and volumetric reduction rate of MSU and develop a model that predicts dissolution time. Methods: Baseline and follow-up DECTs were performed under a standard ULT protocol. Monthly dissolution rates were calculated by simple and compound methods. Correlations with average SU were compared and analyzed. Best-fit regression model was identified. MSU dissolution times were plotted against SU at different endpoints. Results: In 29 tophaceous gout patients, MSU volume reduced from baseline 10.94 ± 10.59 cm3 to 2.87 ± 5.27 cm³ on follow-up (p=.00). Dissolution rate had a stronger correlation with SU if calculated by compound method (Pearson's correlation coefficient r= -0.77, p=.00) and was independent of baseline MSU load. The ensuing dissolution model was logarithmic and explained real-life scenarios. When SU > 0.43mmol/l, dissolution time approached infinity. It improved to 10-19 months at SU = 0.24mmol/l. When SU approximated zero (as with pegloticase), dissolution flattened and still took 4-8 months. Conclusion: MSU dissolution is better described as a logarithmic function of SU, which explains, predicts, and facilitates understanding of the dissolution process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors describe a fluorometric immunoassay for alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). It is making use of magnetic nanoparticles and quenching of the fluorescence of mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (MPA-CdTe QDs) by H2O2. Catalase (CAT) was labeled with AME as a competitive antigen to competitively bind to magnetic nanoparticles carrying monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with free AME in samples. The effects of the concentration and pH value of buffer, the concentrations of H2O2 and CAT-AME, and the incubation time of H2O2 and MPA-CdTe QDs were optimized. Under optimal conditions and in combination with magnetic separation, the quenching of the fluorescence of the MPA-CdTe QDs (excitation at 310 nm, emission at 599 nm) can be used to quantify AME with a detection limit of 0.25 pg·mL−1 and the linear range from 0.25 to 7.5 pg·mL−1. The immunoassay also has a lower cross-reactivity to AME analogues. It was evaluated by analyzing fruit samples spiked with AME. The recoveries from spiked fruits ranged from 87.2% to 92.0%. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a fluorometric immunoassay for alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the rapid separation and purification. The method is based on quenching of the fluorescence of mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (MPA-CdTe QDs) by H2O2 for the fluorescence signal output, and on the use of catalase (CAT) with its high catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence shows that activation of inflammation in the heart provokes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction in humans and experimental animals with heart failure (HF). Moreover, recent studies found that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), serving as a cytosolic DNA sensor, was essential for activating innate immunity against infection and cellular damage by initiating the STING-IRFs-type I IFN signaling cascade, which played important roles in regulating the inflammatory response. However, the pathophysiological role of cGAS in pressure overload-induced HF is unclear. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice and cGAS inhibition mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce HF or sham operation. Inhibition of cGAS in the murine heart was performed using adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9). Alterations of the cGAS/STING pathway were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. Cardiac remodeling was assessed by echocardiography as well as histological and molecular phenotyping. Compared with sham-operated mice, the cGAS/STING pathway was activated in LV tissues in TAC mice. Whereas TAC mice exhibited significant pathological cardiac remodeling and LV dysfunction, inhibition of cGAS improved early survival rates after TAC, preserved LV contractile function, and blunted pathological remodeling, including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, downregulation of cGAS diminished early inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression in response to TAC. These results demonstrated that cGAS played an essential pathogenetic role in pressure overload-induced HF to promote pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Our results suggest that inhibition of cGAS may be a novel therapeutic approach for HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we first revealed a novel role of cGAS in the regulation of pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction upon pressure overload. We found that the cGAS/STING pathway was activated during pressure overload. Moreover, we also demonstrated that inhibition of the cGAS/STING pathway alleviated pathological cardiac remodeling and downregulated the early inflammatory response during pressure overload-induced HF. Together, these findings will provide a new therapeutic target for HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the high sensitivity and stable fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in conjunction with a specific DNA aptamer, the authors describe an aptamer-based fluorescence assay for the determination of Salmonella Typhimurium. The fluorescence detection and quantification of S. Typhimurium is based on a magnetic separation system, a combination of aptamer-coated Fe3O4 magnetic particles (Apt-MNPs) and QD-labeled ssDNA2 (complementary strand of the aptamer). Apt-MNPs are employed for the specific capture of S. Typhimurium. CdTe QD-labeled ssDNA2 was used as a signaling probe. Simply, the as-prepared CdTe QD-labeled ssDNA2 was first incubated with the Apt-MNPs to form the aptamer-ssDNA2 duplex. After the addition of S. Typhimurium, they could specifically bind the DNA aptamer, leading to cleavage of the aptamer-ssDNA2 duplex, accompanied by the release of CdTe QD-labeled DNA. Thus, an increased fluorescence signal can be achieved after magnetic removal of the Apt-MNPs. The fluorescence of CdTe QDs (λexc/em = 327/612 nm) increases linearly in the concentration range of 10 to 1010 cfu•mL-1, and the limit of detection is determined to be 1 cfu•mL-1. The detection process can be performed within 2 h and is successfully applied to the analysis of spiked food samples with good recoveries from 90% to 105%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To observe the effect of different antiemetic drugs for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after gynaecological day surgery under remimazolam general anesthesia. Methods: One hundred ninety-two patients were selected for gynaecological day surgery and randomly divided into three groups: droperidol group (DD group), tropisetron group (DT group) and control group (DC group). Flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg were given intravenously before induction of anesthesia, and 2 min later droperidol 1 mg was given intravenously to the DD group, tropisetron 5 mg to the DT group and saline (5 ml) to the DC group. Induction of anesthesia: remimazolam 6 mg/kg/h was continuously infused until sleep, mivacurium 0.2 mg/kg and alfentanil 20ug/kg were slowly pushed, 3 min later intubation was performed to control breathing. Maintenance of anesthesia: 40ug/kg/h of alfentanil, 1 mg/kg/h of remimazolam continuous infusion. After awakening and extubation, the patient was transferred to the PACU. PONV were recorded in the PACU and an electronic questionnaire was pushed 24 h after surgery. Results: The incidence of PONV within the PACU was significantly lower in the DD (14.5%)and DT(26.7%) groups than in the DC(50%) group (p < 0.01), there was no significantly difference between the DT and DD groups. There were no significant difference in the incidence of PONV in 24 h after surgery between the three groups(DD:DT:DC = 44.5%:45.1%:63.8%,p > 0.05). Conclusions: Droperidol or tropisetron combined with dexamethasone is superior to dexamethasone alone for the prevention of PONV in the PACU after remimazolam combined with alfentanil anesthesia, with no significant difference in the incidence of PONV in 24 h after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study has evaluated the role of Antcin C in hepatic carcinoma and its possible mechanism of action. The results show that Antcin C causes a significant dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, cell migration and invasion, and enhancement of apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with Antcin C significantly reduces the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B protein in Hep-G2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, data of the present investigation supports that Antcin C enhances apoptosis in hepatic carcinoma by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In a nerve terminal, synaptic vesicle docking and release are restricted to an active zone. The active zone is a protein scaffold that is attached to the presynaptic plasma membrane and opposed to postsynaptic receptors. Here, we generated conditional knockout mice removing the active zone proteins RIM and ELKS, which additionally led to loss of Munc13, Bassoon, Piccolo, and RIM-BP, indicating disassembly of the active zone. We observed a near-complete lack of synaptic vesicle docking and a strong reduction in vesicular release probability and the speed of exocytosis, but total vesicle numbers, SNARE protein levels, and postsynaptic densities remained unaffected. Despite loss of the priming proteins Munc13 and RIM and of docked vesicles, a pool of releasable vesicles remained. Thus, the active zone is necessary for synaptic vesicle docking and to enhance release probability, but releasable vesicles can be localized distant from the presynaptic plasma membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to identify risk factors among maternal characteristics, obstetric history, and first trimester preeclampsia-specific biomarkers that were associated with subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and evaluate the performance of the prediction models. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. The performance of the prediction models was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: A total of 837 (8.9%) cases of GDM and 8,535 (91.1%) unaffected cases were included. The AUROC of the prediction model combining maternal characteristics and obstetric history (0.735) was better than that of the model utilizing maternal characteristics (AUROC 0.708) and preeclampsia-specific biomarkers (AUROC 0.566). Among the preeclampsia-specific biomarkers, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) contributed to the increasing risk of GDM; however, its addition did not improve the AUROC of the model combining maternal characteristics and obstetric history (0.738). Conclusion: The first trimester prediction model for GDM with maternal characteristics and obstetric history achieves moderate predictability. The inclusion of MAP in the model combining maternal characteristics and obstetric history does not improve the screening performance for GDM. Future studies are needed to explore the effect of blood pressure control from early pregnancy on preventing GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a used chemotherapy drug for cancer, and its main side effect is intestinal mucositis which causes chemotherapy to fail. It was known that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can inhibit immune cell release of various proinflammatory factors and inhibit excessive intestinal inflammation. However, the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis is still unclear. Results: To simulate the effects of SCFAs on immune and intestinal epithelial cells, the cells (THP-1 cells and Caco-2 cells) were pretreated with sodium acetate (NaAc), sodium propionate (NaPc) and sodium butyrate (NaB), then inflammation was induced by 5-FU. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Beclin-1, LC3-II, NF-κB p65, NLRP3 inflammasome, proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and mucosal tight junction proteins were determined. In our results, the three SCFAs could inhibit ROS expressions, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, Beclin-1 and LC3-II, when induced by 5-FU. In a 5-FU-induced chemoentermuctis mouse model, Lactobacillus rhamnoides can increase the concentrations of three SCFAs in faeces and increase the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and IgA in serum, and decrease the expressions of NLRP3 and IL-17 in spleen cells. The expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin in intestinal mucosa were significantly increased. Conclusions: These results indicated that the three SCFAs can effectively suppress the inflammation of THP-1 cells and Caco-2 cells and maintain tight junction integrity in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this work was to develop an assay as a means of quality control in milk and dairy products. As specific and high abundant proteins in milk and diary products, casein and β-lactoglobulin were chosen as the targets, and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for determination of the total concentration of casein and β-lactoglobulin. The detection limit of the assay was 79.07 ng/mL, and a working range of the calibration curve was from 140.6 to 36,000 ng/mL. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variations were 4.7 % and 6.5 %, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 94.1 % to 106.6 %. The developed ELISA assay was used to detect the total concentration of casein and β-lactoglobulin in liquid milk and milk powder. The results indicated that the developed assay was very specific, and the addition of nonprotein nitrogen (such as melamine, cyanuric acid, and urea) and vegetable protein did not affect the detection. The good performance of the assay makes it suitable for use in the quality control of milk and dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient protein digestion is a key step for successful mass spectrometry identification. However, traditional in-solution digestion suffers some drawbacks, such as autolysis of protease, long analysis times and lack of control. Recently, specific single-stranded nucleic acids, aptamers, screened from random sequence pools, have been performed high affinity for targets. In this paper, we have developed a novel enzyme reactor, which immobilized chymotrypsin based on aptamer-grafted silica beads. Mixed proteins, which consist of bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, and cytochromec, were used as samples, to evaluate the digestion performance of the enzymatic reactor. With the use of this novel tool, proteins were digested in 40 min to an extent similar to that achieved with soluble enzyme at 37°C after 16 h. Moreover, enzymatic reactor regeneration was carried out through chymotrypsin elution and re-immobilization. The advanced characteristics of the aptamer-based chymotrypsin reactor demonstrated that aptamers could serve as novel materials for rapid and efficient enzyme immobilization and application in protein studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]