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Objective: To investigate the association between total sleep duration variability and stroke in the middle-aged and elderly population in China. Methods: Data were collected from the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018 surveys of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 3485 participants, who had not experienced a stroke until 2015 and completed the follow-up in 2018, were enrolled to analyze the relationship between total sleep duration variability and new stroke. Total sleep duration was calculated by summing self-reported nocturnal sleep duration and daytime napping. The variability was determined by calculating the standard deviation (SD) of total sleep duration across the first three waves. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to analyze this association. Results: Of the 3485 participants, 183 (5.25%) sustained a stroke event. A dose-response relationship was observed, indicating an increased stroke risk of 0.2 per unit (hours) increase in total sleep duration variability [OR (95% CI): 1.20 (1.01–1.42)]. Upon stratification by sex groups, this increased risk was significant only in men [OR (95% CI): 1.44 (1.12–1.83)]. Conclusion: Increased total sleep duration variability was associated with an increased risk of stroke in the middle-aged and elderly, independent of factors such as age, nocturnal sleep duration, napping habits, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, BMI, smoking, drinking habits, and marital status. However, a more notable correlation was observed in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezo-electrocatalysis based on the non-centrosymmetric materials opens an avenue for mechano-to-H2 production through harvesting mechanical energy, being undergoing significant growth. Direct comparison of the performance of various piezo-electrocatalysts is necessary to obtain the optimal candidates for satisfying the demands of practical application but remains a grand challenge because the acquiescently added sacrificial agents vary considerably in the literature. Herein, we systematically investigate the effect of four commonly used types containing totally 15 sacrificial agents on the piezo-electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution by choosing the typical BaTiO3 catalyst as the demo. It is found that the pH, length of the carbon chain, adsorption strength between catalysts and sacrificial agent, and combination of sacrificial agents would impact on the piezo-electrocatalytic H2 evolution performance. Moreover, the self-decomposition effect is found in the sacrificial agent-water mixtures under ultrasonic vibration, implying that H2 can be generated without piezo-electrocatalysts, which was usually ignored. Thus, in this work, a concept of net H2 yield is suggested to standardize the evaluation of piezo-electrocatalysts in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound-stimulated piezo-electrocatalysis has been studied for a period; however, the mechanism is still unclear mainly due to the coexistence with other multiple effects like sonocatalysis, which was usually ignored. In this work, with the non-piezoelectric H2Ti3O7 nanowires following the same experimental process in piezo-electrocatalysis, the sonocatalytic reduction performance of CO2 is investigated. By applying vibration under the excitation of ultrasound with various frequencies and powers, it is found that CO is the ultimate product with a selectivity of 100%, and the optimal CO yield of 8.3 μmol g−1 h−1 is achieved with the addition of sacrificial agents. The H2Ti3O7 catalysts are also found to present a good recycling utilization ability. This work indicates that the sonocatalysis effect may exist in the piezo-electrocatalytic process using the ultrasonic excitation, which is suggested to be taken into consideration when exploring the mechanism of piezo-electrocatalysis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A three-dimensional photoanode was designed with crystal facets modulation. • Crystal facets modulation favors charge separation and •OH radical desorption. • Fluid dynamics simulation showed the enhanced mass transfer on the mesh substrate. • Efficient elimination of 5-fluorouracil was achieved by photoelectrocatalysis. • A 1200 cm2 photoelectrocatalytic system was tested for the applied feasibility. Fluorinated pharmaceuticals pollution has become an ever-increasing environmental concern due to its negative impacts. Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation system is a desirable approach to tackle the pollution problems. However, photogenerated charge separation and interfacial mass transfer are the main bottlenecks for improving the PEC degradation performance. Herein, we report a TiO 2 photoanode with tuned (101)/(110) facets in situ grown on a Ti mesh substrate for PEC degradation of fluorinated pharmaceuticals. The exposure of (101) facets facilitates efficient photogenerated charge separation and the desorption of generated •OH radical. Besides, the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of photoanode promotes macroscopic mass transfer. This system performed complete defluorination of 5-fluorouracil and more than 75 % total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency. The apparent reaction rate constant of high (101) facet-exposed TiO 2 grown on Ti mesh is up to 6.96 h −1, 6‒fold faster than that of photoanode with low (101) facet-exposed TiO 2 grown on Ti foil. It is demonstrated that a large-sized PEC system of 1200 cm2 can degrade 100 L of synthetic fluorinated pharmaceutical wastewater with more than 80 % elimination efficiency. This work showcases the facet and substrate modulated strategy of fabricating high-performed photoanode for PEC wastewater purification. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rising CO2 emissions caused by the massive consumption of fossil fuels, it is highly desirable to develop strategies that adopt renewable energy to convert CO2 into value‐added chemical feedstocks. Over the past decades, photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using light energy has attracted considerable attention. However, the advanced photocatalysis techniques cannot exert their action where light is unavailable. Here, a method for CO2 reduction on basis of vibration‐driven piezoelectricity to yield a piezo‐electrocatalysis effect which requires mechanical vibration rather than light, is proposed. Under mild vibration and sacrificial agent‐free conditions, the piezoelectric BaTiO3 catalyst provides a suitable piezo‐potential to overcome the redox potential of CO2 and convert it into CO with a maximum yield of 63.3 µmol g−1, achieving a reactivity comparable to those of photocatalysts. The piezo‐electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction adds a new avenue in addition to the existing photocatalytic techniques by expanding the scope of energy utilization to promote carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overreliance on non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels has led to severe energy crises and environmental pollution, hindering sustainable development. Harnessing solar energy for water splitting through semiconductor photocatalysts offers a promising solution. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2), a benchmark photocatalyst, is favored for its cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and stability under ultraviolet light. However, its weak light absorption, limited range, and high carrier recombination rates pose challenges. Herein, we designed an Au nanoparticle modified TiO 2 (Au/TiO 2) using a two-step method involving initial stirring adsorption followed by calcination. This composite material exhibits a localized surface plasmon resonance property, demonstrating powerful light absorption capacity in both the visible and near infrared regions. Moreover, following the decoration of Au nanoparticles, in situ XPS reveal Au/TiO 2 exhibits a metal-support interaction, thereby enhancing the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers and decreasing the recombination rate of photogenerated charges. Thus, Au/TiO 2 shows a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 47.89 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 39.25 times higher than that (1.22 mmol g−1 h−1) of pristine TiO 2 and among the top rankings of TiO 2 -based photocatalysts. This study provides a novel approach to developing a photocatalyst capable of absorbing a broad spectrum of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Confronting the challenge of climate change necessitates innovative approaches for the reduction of CO 2 emissions. Metal-support interaction has been widely demonstrated to enable greatly improved performances in thermal-catalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. However, its applicability and specifically its role in the emerging piezo-electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction are unknown, severely hampering the utilizations of piezo-electrocatalysis in CO 2 conversion. Herein, by adopting Au particles supported on ZnO (Au/ZnO) as a paradigm, it is found that the metal-support interaction can remarkably improve the separation and transfer of piezo-carriers and enhance CO 2 adsorption. As a result, Au/ZnO demonstrates a substantially boosted activity for piezo-electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction and the optimal sample exhibits a 37.3% increase in CO yield compared to the pristine ZnO. The integration of metal-support interactions opens a new avenue to the design of advanced piezo-electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, strong pyro-driven catalysis for dye wastewater remediation is achieved by using Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48)O 3 (PZT) polarized ceramic via pyroelectric effect. Through cyclic heating–cooling (301–333 K) of PZT ceramic, decomposition ratio of Rhodamine B dye reached up to ∼98% after 140 cold–hot cycles. Active species hydroxyl radical was detected, providing the evidence for continuous generation of pyroelectrically induced electric charges. After recycling for three times, PZT ceramic shows no decrease in pyro-driven catalysis activity. PZT ceramic has advantages of high efficiency and easy recycling, thus making it potential candidate for dye wastewater remediation by utilizing ambient thermal energy in the future. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, an unambiguous pyroelectrically-induced pyrocatalysis in hydrothermally-synthesized BaTiO 3 (BTO) nanofibers with or without noble metal loading (BTO@Ag and BTO@Pd) is found and its application for the decomposition of Rhodamine B dye under thermal cycling near room-temperature is also developed. The pyrocatalytic decomposition ratios of BTO, BTO@Ag and BTO@Pd are ~ 48%, ~ 92% and ~ 95%, respectively, under 72 cold-hot (30–52 °C) thermal cycles. In the pyrocatalytic process, the detected main active species are holes, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. The enhanced pyrocatalysis is attributed to noble metals that trap the transferred electrons from the BTO surface, promoting charge separation. No obvious loss of pyrocatalytic activity is observed after 5 cycles, indicating good stability of BTO@Ag and BTO@Pd nanofibers. The enhanced pyrocatalytic performance makes BTO@Ag and BTO@Pd nanofibers potential in purifying dye waste pollution through utilizing cold-hot fluctuation thermal energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein is presented our investigation of an abnormal magnetocapacitance effect couples the magnetic and dielectric properties in the multiferroic Pb(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 ) 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 crystal. The variation of dielectric constant reaches a maximum value at a glasslike transition, and it exhibits a ∼10% decrease under application of only a 1 T steady state magnetic field. The characteristic relaxor temperature shifts to higher temperatures with increasing magnetic field. The dielectric constant decreases upon application of a magnetic field. The space-charge and the ordering of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in the glasslike transition region may lead to the anomalous dielectric diffusion under the applied magnetic field and the giant dielectric behavior of Pb(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 ) 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic H 2 generation is an effective approach to convert solar energy into renewable H 2 energy and has drawn great attentions. To improve the catalytic activity, lots of attentions have been paid to developing advanced strategies, of which oxygen vacancy engineering is considered as a promising one. However, oxygen vacancy induced coexistence of defect and strain makes understanding the essential mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic performance elusive and challenging. Here, the classic photocatalyst TiO 2 is selected as a paradigm to reveal the relationship between the accompanied defect and strain in boosting H 2 generation activity. It is found that oxygen vacancy concentration almost shows a volcano-type trend, while strain exhibits a monotonic decrease with increasing the calcination temperature. An optimal photocatalytic H 2 yield of 788 μmol g−1 h−1 is achieved over the TiO 2 with high oxygen vacancy concentration but slight strain. This value is 2.5 times higher than the counterpart with low oxygen vacancy concentration and large strain, indicating that oxygen vacancy induced defect instead of strain plays the dominate role in enhancing photocatalytic H 2 generation, which is further verified by theoretical calculations and experimental carrier dynamics analysis. This work uncovers the relationship between defect and strain in oxygen vacancy-engineered photocatalysts. With the increasing calcination temperature, oxygen vacancy-induced defect and strain, revealing that defect plays a dominate role in the photocatalytic H 2 generation of TiO 2 nanoparticles. [Display omitted] • Oxygen vacancy is introduced in typical TiO 2 photocatalysts. • With the increase of temperature, defect firstly increases and then decreases. • TNP-750 with high V O concentration and slight strain shows the maximum H 2 yield. • DFT verifies that V O concentration plays a dominate role in H 2 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the non-piezoelectric ZnS:Cu amorphous powder was sintered at 1100 °C. The dominant photoluminescent emission peak at ∼484 nm can be found upon a ∼365 nm light excitation. An obvious stress-luminescence of ZnS:Cu, appearing reproducibly strong visible emission under mechanical pulse load, is found. The stress-luminescence mechanism of the non-piezoelectric ZnS:Cu amorphous powder may be attributed to the internal energy change under the mechanical pulse load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New heterojunctions of PTCN-X are prepared using polypyrrole and TiO 2 with low-cost and facile method. • The PTCN-X are applied in photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to C 2+ products with high efficiency. • The active sites and band structure of catalyst can be accurately controlled by the pyrolysis process. • The n-n heterojunction and pyridine-N active sites result in high separation efficiency of carriers. To store solar energy into chemical energy and ameliorate over-emission of CO 2 in modern society, the promising photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into multicarbon products (C 2+) has inspired scientists to discover new efficient catalysts. Herein, a series of new heterojunctions of polypyrrole/TiO 2 (PTCN-X, X is pyrolytic temperature) were prepared by a facile method of in-situ oxidizing polymerazation of pyrrole onto the surface of TiO 2 and subsequently treating with temperature-controlled pyrolysis. An interesting phenomenon was discovered that the p-n heterojunction of PTCN gradually transferred to n-n heterojunction of PTCN-400. The optimal n-n heterojunctions of PTCN-400 have the highest selectivity of C 2+ products (71.4 %) under iirridiation at −1.2 V. Further investigation reveals that the band structure of PTCN-X heterojunctions can be tuned by various pyrolytic temperature to form more defects and pyridine-N active sites, which enhances separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-holes and selectivity of C 2+ products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel pyroelectric catalysis technique is developed for decomposition of dye wastewater using the lead-free (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 pyroelectric crystal catalyst under the environmental temperature variation. 91.2% of rhodamine B dye can be decomposed after (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 pyroelectric catalyst undergoing 100 cold-hot 30–60 °C cycles. The catalytic activity can be obviously influenced by the poling electric field of catalyst materials. With the increase of the poling electric field from 0 to 4.5 kV/mm, the dye decomposition ratio correspondingly increases from 3.3% to 91.2%. The poling treatment is helpful to enhance the polarization of the (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 crystal, which can also result in the increase of the pyroelectric coefficient, yielding to the enhancement of pyroelectric catalysis. The scavenger experiments are carried out, in which the main active species in the pyroelectric catalysis are found to be superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and holes. The effects of various factors including dye concentration, catalyst dosage, pH and type of dyes on pyroelectric catalysis performance of (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 are also investigated to obtain the optimum condition. The results of three consecutive recycling-utilization tests indicate that (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 crystal possesses good chemical stability. With these advantages of high dye decomposition ratio and good recycling utilization, (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 crystal is potential in developing the novel pyroelectric catalysis technique for decomposition of dye wastewater through utilizing the thermal energy from the environmental cold-hot temperature variation in future. Image 1 • Temperature variation-induced pyroelectric catalysis is discovered in (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 crystal. • The pyroelectric catalysis of (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3 can be influenced through electric poling. • Electric field poling shows great potential in the preparation of pyroelectric catalysts. • It is desirable to realize dye wastewater purification through ultilizing cold-hot alternation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Strong metal–oxygen hybridization was successfully incorporated in Ag cluster /TiO 2. • Ag cluster /TiO 2 shows a high photocatalytic CH 4 generation activity and selectivity. • Ag–O hybridization effectively optimizes photogenerated carrier dynamics. • Ag–O hybridization promotes the multiple-proton–electron coupling transfer process. Selective photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CH 4 is one of the most efficient ways to achieve carbon neutralization. However, the formation of methane remains a challenge due to the slow multiple-proton-coupled electron transfer process and the involvement of various C1 intermediates. Herein, an Ag cluster /TiO 2 catalyst with Ag-O hybridization was synthesized by supporting Ag clusters on anatase phase TiO 2 microspheres for photocatalytic CO 2 methanation. The Ag cluster /TiO 2 sample presents an electron selectivity of 86 % for CH 4 production with a yield of 25.25 μmol g–1 h−1. Mechanistic study reveals that Ag clusters accelerate the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, and enhance the adsorption of CO 2. Moreover, the Ag-O hybridization promotes the multiple-proton–electron coupling transfer process by effectively stabilizing intermediates and facilitating *CO hydrogenation to *CHO, resulting in selective CO 2 reduction to CH 4. This work provides a new insight into the development of selective photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to methane by constructing supported cluster catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single metal atoms decorated on earth‐abundant transition‐metal‐based supports have attracted intensive attention toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their decent activity and low cost. However, further optimizing the catalytic performance is severely plagued by the limited active sites. Conventional optimization relies primarily on increasing the metal loading but is extremely difficult. Thus, it is imperative to go beyond the current design paradigms. Herein, it is reported that the anchored highly active single metal atoms can reinforce the electrochemical reconstruction of the supports and thus yield more substrate active sites. Consequently, increased amount of active sites and enhanced intrinsic activity can be readily realized simultaneously. Taking Ni2P4O12 decorated with single Ir atoms as a typical example, an extraordinary activity of η10 = 186 mV and η100 = 238 mV and robust stability up to 108 h are achieved. Mechanistic study uncovers that the reinforced reconstruction of Ni2P4O12 originates from the promoted PO43− leaching by single Ir atoms, which is an intrinsic feature of the supports to achieve such reinforcement. The proposed concept, decorating single metal atoms on supports featured by facile anion leaching, opens a new avenue to the design of practical electrocatalysts for efficient OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic flexoelectric effect observed in oxide materials often falls below the desired threshold for practical applications. In this work, we demonstrate proton doping in insulating rutile TiO2 crystal as an effective approach to significantly increase flexoelectricity by more than two orders of magnitude. We attribute the noteworthy enhancement of flexoelectricity to the dual impact of proton doping in oxide materials. First, proton doping serves to induce the presence of charge carriers, resulting in the generation of flexoelectric currents. Second, proton doping induces expansion and distortion of the lattice structure, leading to an amplified flexoelectric field when the crystal experiences a strain gradient. The formation of O–H bonding in TiO2 crystal provides another route to break centrosymmetry according to lattice distortion of the TiO2 lattice, resulting in a larger flexoelectric field. In addition, the introduction of proton doping in TiO2 single crystals leads to a substantial increase in photocurrent by effectively flattening the interfacial Schottky junction. This phenomenon results in a three-order of magnitude enhancement of the photocurrent. Our work broadens the horizon of study on dielectric materials through proton doping and may also provide an approach that enables the utilization of dielectric materials in energy conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel direct Z-Scheme C-TiO 2 /β-Bi 2 O 3 heterojunction was fabricated by in situ assembling the two energy-band-matched semiconductors together. • The optimal C-TiO 2 /β-Bi 2 O 3 hybrid shows an obviously enhanced photocatalytic CO generation activity of 31.07 μmol g−1 h−1, which is among the highest reported levels over TiO 2 -based heterojunction photocatalysts. • In situ experimental techniques and theoretical calculations uncover that the enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to C doping and the formation of direct Z–Scheme heterojunction, which effectively promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers. Rational fabricating advanced photocatalysts to recycle CO 2 into solar fuel is one of the most promising approaches to simultaneously address energy shortages and global warming. TiO 2 has been widely used in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction due to its abundant reserves, non-toxicity and harmlessness etc. However, it remains significantly challenging for practical applications due to the fast electron-hole recombination. Herein, we design a direct TiO 2 based Z-Scheme heterojunction by self-assembly of C-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles on 3D hierarchical petal of flower-like β-Bi 2 O 3 (C-TiO 2 /β-Bi 2 O 3). In situ electron paramagnetic resonance tests, in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that electrons are transferred from β-Bi 2 O 3 to C-TiO 2 due to the formation of Z-Scheme heterojunction, which greatly accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers to promote efficient CO 2 photoreduction. Ultimately, the optimal heterojunction shows significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO 2 reduction to CO (31.07 μmol g–1 h−1) compared to the pure TiO 2 (3.28 μmol g–1 h−1) without using any photosensitizers and sacrificial agents. This work provides a unique insight to design direct Z-Scheme heterojunctions and delivers a promising photocatalyst for overcoming global warming and energy-supply issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The effect of oxygen vacancy concentration on piezo-electrocatalytic H 2 evolution over ZnO is systematically investigated by varying the annealing temperature. • Bifunctional improvement of carrier dynamics and surface reaction is achieved via oxygen vacancy engineering. • Constructing oxygen vacancy offers an effective approach to promote piezo-electrocatalytic H 2 evolution. Vibration-driven piezo-electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction has drawn great interest in the past years as it provides an effective approach to harvest the dispersed and extensive mechanical energy. However, its wide applications remain a grand challenge due to the unsatisfied catalytic activity of currently available piezo-electrocatalysts. Here, the defect engineering is applied in the hydrothermally-synthesized ZnO by heat treatment to fabricate ZnO catalysts with various concentrations of oxygen vacancy. Under the stimulation of ultrasonic vibration, ZnO with optimal oxygen vacancy concentration shows a piezo-electrocatalytic H 2 yield of 3.8 mmol · h−1 · g−1. The controlled experiments of piezo-current response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy disclose that the piezo-generated carriers' separation and transfer are greatly enhanced in ZnO after introducing oxygen vacancies. Density functional theory calculations uncover that the oxygen vacancies of ZnO play an important role in facilitating H desorption. This work delivers an efficient strategy to achieve the simultaneous improvement of carrier dynamics and surface reaction and ultimately promote piezo-electrocatalytic H 2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to experimentally and analytically evaluate the hysteretic behavior of steel plate deep beams infill steel frame. Three reduced-scale specimens subjected to cyclic loading have been tested and their responses measured and analyzed. The test results showed the good behavior of the steel plate deep beams infill steel frame, mainly improving the strength, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the steel frame. Then parametric studies, using a finite-element analysis program, were carried out to investigate the structural behavior with variations in: forms of stiffeners, height-width ratio α, height-thickness ratio β , and the size of the column and beam. The numerical results indicate that the parameters of full stiffeners, including cruciform and bilateral stiffeners, α = 0.75, β = 150 are reasonable for use in steel plate deep beams infill steel frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No meta-analysis has analyzed the effect of physical activity level, period of physical activity intervention, and duration of intervention, on perinatal depression. This study was to evaluate the impact of physical activity intensity, dose, period, and duration on perinatal depression.Methods: The literature was searched via the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or the risk ratio (RR) was used as the effect indicator, and the effect size was represented by the 95 % confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analysis based on the perinatal stage, physical activity intensity, physical activity equivalent, and intervention duration was performed.Results: Totally, 35 studies including 5084 women were included. Physical activity could reduce the incidence and severity of depression in perinatal women. Among depressed women with prenatal depression, low-intensity physical activity, with metabolic equivalents (METs)-min/week being <450, was associated with lower levels of depression. In the general population, the risk of postpartum depression was lower in the physical activity group when the duration of intervention was ≥12 weeks, being II, III stage, and ≥450 METs-min/week. Both low and moderate-intensity physical activity were beneficial to an improved depression severity among depressed women with postpartum depression, and moderate exercise intervention could decrease the risk of postpartum depression in general pregnant women.Limitations: Different types of physical activities may affect the effectiveness of interventions.Conclusion: Our study indicated physical activity specifically targeted at pregnant women could reduce depression risk and severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The piezoelectric-catalysis of organic dye decomposition is realized in the BaTiO 3 /C hybrid nanocomposites. • The BaTiO 3 /C hybrid nanocomposites exhibits the higher catalytic activity than that of pure BaTiO 3. • The enhanced catalytic activity in BaTiO 3 /C hybrid nanocomposites can be ascribed to the improved charges separation. • The good recyclability makes BaTiO 3 /C potential in wastewater treatment through utilizing vibration energy. In this work, the strong piezocatalysis is found in the two-step hydrothermally-synthesized barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites and is used for rhodamine B dye decomposition. As the carbon content increases from 0 to 5 wt%, the catalytic performance of hybrid nanocomposites first increases and then slightly decreases. When the carbon content increases to 2 wt%, the barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites exhibit the optimal piezocatalytic performance, which have the ~75.5% dye decomposition ratio and the ~0.04901 min−1 reaction rate constant after the 40 min vibration stimulation, while that of the pure barium titanate are 48.4% and 0.01942 min−1, respectively. The improvement of piezocatalytic performance in barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites can be ascribed to the action of carbon's charge transfer which promotes the effective separation of the piezoelectrically-induced electric charges. After three runs recycle utilization tests, the barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites still exhibit ~70% decomposition ratio of rhodamine B dye. The strong piezocatalytic performance and the good reusability make the barium titanate/carbon hybrid nanocomposites potential in the field of wastewater treatment through utilizing natural vibration energy in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most reported risk factors for developmental speech delay (DSD) remain controversial, and studies on paternal influencing factors are rare. This study investigated family environmental risk factors for DSD in northern China. The medical records of 276 patients diagnosed with DSD at four centres between October 2018 and October 2019 were retrospectively analysed. A questionnaire was designed that contained items such as maternal age at the child's birth, child sex, child age, birth order, family type and parental personality. Patients whose medical records lacked complete information for this investigation were contacted by e-mail or phone. Additionally, 339 families whose children received routine physical examinations at the four involved centres completed the survey. Data were collected, and potential risk factors were analysed using the t test or chi-square test; the obtained outcomes were subjected to multivariable logistic regression for further analysis. The multivariable regression showed that older maternal age at the child's birth (OR = 1.312 (1.192–1.444), P < 0.001), introverted paternal personality (OR = 0.023 (0.011–0.048), P < 0.001), low average parental education level (OR = 2.771 (1.226–6.263), P = 0.014), low monthly family income (OR = 4.447 (1.934–10.222), P < 0.001), and rare parent–child communication (OR = 6.445 (3.441–12.072), P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for DSD in children in North China. The study results may provide useful data for broadening and deepening the understanding of family risk factors for DSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient photocathode with onset potential beyond 0.6 V is very desirable in order to construct photoelectrochemical (PEC) device for stand‐alone overall water splitting. In this work, it is reported a nonfullerene PBDB‐T:ITIC bulk heterojunction (BHJ) based photocathode delivering unprecedented positive onset potential of 0.8 V and optimal photocurrent density of −11.7 mA cm−2 at 0 V in pH 1 solution. The yielded high ideal ratiometric power‐saved efficiency (Φsaved,ideal) of 4.1% is a record among the previous organic photocathodes. When the electrolyte pH moves to neutral, the Φsaved,ideal is still to be 3.2%, yet being twice more than the currently reported highest value. Pairing with TiOx, the hole transport layer of CuOx with more efficient charge carrier transportation and hole extraction ability excels MoO3 and NiOx, contributing to the highly efficient solar hydrogen production in both acidic and neutral solutions. Premixing the BHJ blend precursor with an anti‐oxidative agent is proved to be a beneficial strategy to improve the PEC stability by suppressing the photo‐oxidation degradation of organic polymer materials. Subsequently a conceptual PEC cell comprising of tandem CuOx/BHJ/TiOx/Pt photocathode and BiVO4/NiFeOx photoanode with a high solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency up to 1.1% is fabricated in neutral solution without assistance of extra bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Path dependency of some technologies might have "lock-in" effect of health impacts. • A pollution control technology scheme dominates in the coal-fired power sector. • Alternative control technology schemes with better net present value exist. • Single-technology-domination can pose long-term risks of economic efficiency loss. • Policy transition could improve the economic efficiency of pollution control. The broad spectrum of environmental protection technologies and their health effects have increased concern about path dependency and the "lock-in" effect. This study focuses on China's coal-fired power plants and their air pollution control technologies, due to the challenge of technology deployment in this sector. Our analysis found that there is a dominant technology scheme of air pollution control in the sector. Alternative schemes with better Net Present Value (NPV) exist beyond the dominant scheme, meaning that long-term economic efficiency is lost by implementing the current mainstream scheme. Facing the complexity and uncertainty around air pollution and climate change, this study suggests that single-technology-dominated environmental protection can pose long-term economic efficiency risks. This paper further points out the implications of technology policy improvement: paying attention to the synergy effects of air pollution technologies, the cultivation of technology diversity, the links between pollution control technology and public health objectives, and cost-benefit analysis together with NPV comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, it is found that the hydrothermally-synthesized bismuth oxychloride can behave both the piezocatalysis and photocatalysis for the Rhodamine B dye decomposition. ∼99% decomposition efficiency is achieved after both vibrating and lighting the Rhodamine B dye solution for ∼96 min with the addition of bismuth oxychloride catalyst, while the ∼72% and ∼26% decomposition efficiencies are obtained for only photocatalysis or only piezocatalysis respectively. In bi-catalysis, the mechanical strain produced due to vibration will directly provide an electric field that will increase the separation between the photo-induced electron-hole pairs, yielding to the enhanced decomposition performance of bi-catalysis. There is no significant change in the bi-catalytic performance of bismuth oxychloride nanomaterial observed after being recycled four times. Bismuth oxychloride catalyst is potential for the bi-catalytic decomposition treatment of wastewater through harvesting both the environmental vibration energy and light energy. Image 104650 • The BiOCl nanomaterials were hydrothermally synthesized. • High-efficient synergy of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis was realized. • Bi-catalysis is superior to piezocatalysis or photocatalysis in dye decomposition. • BiOCl is potential in utilizing vibration/light energy to decompose dye solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the hydrothermally-synthesized sodium niobate nanowires were used to decompose Rhodamine B dye solution through the piezo-catalytic effect. With the sodium niobate catalyst, a high piezo-catalytic degradation ratio of ∼80% was achieved under the excitation of vibration for the Rhodamine B dye solution (∼5 mg/l). These active species in the catalytic process, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals with the strong oxidation ability, were also observed, which confirmed the key role of piezoelectric effect for piezo-catalysis. The piezo-catalysis of sodium niobate nanowires provides a high-efficiency and reusable tool in application in depredating the dye wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, an obvious enhancement of pyroelectrically-driven catalytic activity is found in BaTiO 3 @ZnO heterostructures synthesized hydrothermally and then calcined. The pure BaTiO 3 is able to decompose up to 45% of the RhB dye in aqueous solution (5 mg/L) under 30–54 °C cold-hot cycle. As the ZnO content coating on the surface of the BaTiO 3 nanofibers is increased from 0 to 5 wt%, the decomposition ratio of the BaTiO 3 @ZnO heterostructures for RhB dye in aqueous solution first increases and then decreases, giving a maximum value of 97% at 2.5 wt%. The kinetic rate constant (K = 0.06384 cycle−1) of the catalytic reaction for BaTiO 3 @2.5%ZnO is 4 times higher than that of pure BaTiO 3. The enhancement of catalytic activity of BaTiO 3 @ZnO may be due to the formation of a semiconductor junction in which the electric field effectively separating the pyro-induced electron-hole pairs and further accelerates carrier migration. The ferroelectric heterostructures of BaTiO 3 @ZnO show pyroelectrically-driven-catalysis and may hold potential for use in decomposing dye wastewater through harvesting cold-hot alternation thermal-energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decorating Ir clusters on Ni 2 P(Fe) (Ir@Ni 2 P(Fe)) can reinforce the reconstruction of Ni 2 P(Fe) to generate more real active species and ultimately improve the activities for both HER and OER. As for OER, the decoration of Ir clusters can also provide high-valence Ir sites as extra efficient active centers. The Ir@Ni 2 P(Fe) catalyst exhibits extraordinary activities and robust stabilities toward HER, OER and overall water splitting. [Display omitted] • Ir clusters decoration enhance the HER and OER performances of Ni 2 P(Fe). • The deposition of Ir reinforces the reconstruction of support for both HER and OER. • Decorating Ir clusters provides extra efficient high-valence Ir sites for OER. • Ir@Ni 2 P(Fe) exhibits excellent overall water splitting performance. Noble metal decoration is one of the most efficient strategies to enhance the activity of electrocatalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER). However, there is still lack of a comprehensive picture of how such strategy enhances the activity due to the complicated surface reconstructions and various electronic interactions on electrocatalysts during reactions, severely hampering the widespread utilizations of this strategy. Herein, we report that decorating Ir clusters on Fe doped Ni 2 P (Ir@Ni 2 P(Fe)) can reinforce the reconstruction of Ni 2 P(Fe) to generate more real active species via promoting the leaching of P element and ultimately improve the activities for both HER and OER. Specifically, such reinforcement leads to a considerably enhanced electron transfer and a substantially increased amount of active sites, ultimately playing a dominant role in boosting the HER performance from 176 mV over Ni 2 P(Fe) to 35 mV over Ir@Ni 2 P(Fe) at 10 mA cm−2. As for OER, in addition to increasing the amount of active sites via the reinforcement, the decoration of Ir clusters provides high-valence Ir sites as extra efficient active centers, thereby resulting in dual promotional effects to enhance the activity from 270 to 200 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Finally, using Ir@Ni 2 P(Fe) as both the anode and cathode, a low cell voltage of 1.50 V is required to derive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. The developed comprehensive insight is of clear significance to design advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The piezo-electro-chemical effect, a phenomenon of vibration exciting chemical reaction, is hopeful for application in vibration-catalysis. In this work, BaTiO 3 nanofibers were synthesized through an electrospinning method combined with a conventional sol-gel process. The piezo-electro-chemical effect of BaTiO 3 nanofibers is realized through utilizing the product of piezoelectric effect and electro-chemical redox effect. BaTiO 3 nanofibers behave a high vibration-catalytic decomposition efficiency of 97.5% for Rhodamine B dye within 60 min vibration. The piezo-electro-chemical intermediate product OH was observed in the vibration-catalytic process. The piezo-electro-chemical effect of BaTiO 3 nanofibers is potential in utilizing vibration energy for dye wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The N, P dual-doped hierarchically porous graphitic biocarbons were prepared via a simple pyrolysis of the precursors derived from hydrothermal treatment of natural polymer chitosan and triphenyl phosphine (P(Ph) 3 ). The characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N 2 adsorption-desorption analysis indicated the samples doping with P exhibited smaller crystal size and more defect sites. The electrocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples were evaluated with oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The results showed that the catalytic properties of N, P dual-doped samples were greatly enhanced compared with the phosphorous free ones. The optimized catalysts exhibited nearly equivalent catalytic performances to the commercial Pt/C (20%) with respect to onset potential, halfwave potential and limit current density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Iron doping strategy is introduced in sintering-synthesized Bi 5 O 7 I photocatalysts. • Charge localization induced by iron doping greatly enhanced CO 2 capture capacity. • Multifunctional improvement of carrier dynamics and surface reaction is achieved. • In situ DRIFT and DFT simulation uncover the mechanisms of CO 2 photoreduction. The bismuth-rich bismuth oxyhalide materials exhibit prominent photocatalytic CO 2 reduction (PCR) performance owing to the considerable negative conduction band potential and unique intrinsic internal electric field. However, it possesses poor capture ability of CO 2 molecule due to the intrinsically weak adsorption, greatly limiting its further PCR improvement. Herein, we modulate the spatial charge redistribution over hierarchically Bi 5 O 7 I micro-flower through a facile and cost-efficient iron doping strategy, achieving significantly enhanced CO 2 capture capacity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the promoted adsorption ability originates from the localized electrons around the doped Fe sites. Benefiting from the resultant unique electronic structures, the Fe doped Bi 5 O 7 I micro-flowers also exhibit remarkably improved harvest of visible light and promoted charge separation and transfer capability, thus finally achieving a notably boosted photocatalytic CO evolution rate of 12.02 μmol·g−1·h−1 without any sacrifice agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]