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Oxy-hydrogen gas is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas in 2:1 molar proportion. Oxy-hydrogen gas can be easily and economically produced from electrolysis of water by using dry cell electrolysers. Oxy-hydrogen gas is one of the alternative fuel options which can replace conventional fossil fuels like gasoline, diesel, etc., because of its high-octane number (>130) and moderate calorific value (21.4 MJ/kg). Current research work consists of both experimental and simulation parts. Experiments focussed on studying the performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine fuelled with gasoline (petrol) and dual fuel (gasoline + Oxy-hydrogen) mixture at variable load and constant speed condition with three different oxy-hydrogen flow rates. Comparative findings suggest that NOx emission and brake thermal efficiency increased by 1.75% and 800 PPM, respectively, at full load and at a flow rate of 1.54 lit/min. Carbon monoxide emission dropped by 0.25% at full load and at a flow rate of 1.54 lit/min. A two-zonequasi dimensional modelling of spark ignition engine was carried out in order to understand the combustion process efficiently. The predicted values accord well with the experimental data, with just a small variance. Commercially available software MATLAB R2021a is used to develop code for the engine simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the structural and magnetic characteristics of Al substituted nickel ferrites NiFe 2 - x Al x O4 (x = 0.0–0.3) produced through auto combustion. The phase purity and lattice parameters are determined using X-ray diffraction measurements and rietveld refinement analysis respectively. Magnetic investigations demonstrate that when the Al3+ concentration increases, the saturation magnetization (M S) decreases. Raman investigations revealed that the peaks corresponding to the A and B-site sites intensified as a result of Al3+ replacement. Furthermore, 57Fe Nuclear Magnetic Resonance investigations show that after Al3+ replacement, the centre frequencies corresponding to the A- and B-sites shift to lower frequency levels. The Fe site occupancies at the A and B sites are calculated using the findings of XRD, Raman, and NMR experiments, all of which are concurrent with each other. Based on present findings, Al3+ preferentially occupies the B-site over the A-site in nickel ferrite. • A series of Al3+ substituted nickel ferrite samples are synthesized using one step auto combustion technique. • Phase purity and structural parameters were extracted from the XRD analysis. • Raman analysis confirms the preferential occupancy of Al3+ to octahedral site. • The effect of Al3+substitution on NiFe 2 O 4 is analyzed via 57Fe NMR. • The cation distribution obtained from XRD, Raman and IFNMR spectroscopic techniques are concurrent with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, diesel fuel and two hundredth by volume of synthesised biodiesel from waste coconut oil (WB20) were used as fuel in unmodified, naturally aspirated, single cylinder compression ignition engine to study their performance and combustion characteristics at full load condition. Numerical studies were carried out with the use of CFD and compiled with the experimental results. FORTE software was used for CFD simulation. Methyl-palmitate (MPA) and Dodecane (C12H26) were used as surrogate fuels for biodiesel and diesel fuel respectively. The variation of special parts for diesel fuel and WB20 with CI engine in-cylinder pressure, in- cylinder temperature and mass fraction of O2, CO and NO emission at 10p and 20p ATDC were analysed. The mass fraction contours of in-cylinder temperature, O2, CO and NO for diesel fuel and WB20 were found to be decreased with increase in crank angle from 10o to 20° ATDC. The maximum BTE, in-cylinder pressure, in-cylinder temperature, O2, CO2 and NO were obtained for WB20 at 10° ATDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional concrete in its existing form possesses characteristics like better compressive strength, density, resistance against moisture and enhanced performance under various exposure conditions like elevated temperature and long-term durability etc. However, some of the shortcomings such as reduced ductility, brittleness can be improved by using additives like fibers to improve its properties. The present study highlights the performance evaluation of engineering properties and life cycle assessment (LCA) of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) incorporating with glass and polypropylene fibers in equal proportions (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%). In addition to these, impact resistance at first crack phase and post cracking phase i.e., at failure have also been investigated to ascertain the effect of HFRC vs conventional concrete mixes. Sorptivity studies also performed to find its effect on HFRC, and control concrete mixes prepared with and without glass and polypropylene fibers. Reduction in workability of concrete was observed with increase in hybrid fiber content. Superior performance in terms of strength and durability properties was observed at 1% hybrid fiber content. Similarly, this study also focuses on studying the impact of HFRC and conventional concrete on environment using LCA approach. For LCA, SimaPro software and EcoInvent database is used to compare environmental impact assessment of HFRC and conventional concrete mixes. Impact on environment and cost comparison on HFRC mixes exhibits satisfactory results when compared to conventional mix. Finally, this research will address the need for HFRC mixes to achieve their adaptability in construction sector to make concrete economic and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swine flu is caused by antigenic shift of influenza A virus with clinical features similar to seasonal influenza virus. Majority of the morbidity and mortality due to swine flu are attributable to pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bacterial superinfection can occur, though it is rare in adults. Here we report a case of swine flu superinfected with carbapenem resistant Klebsiella, which is often coined as Klebsiella 'superbug'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferro/ferrimagnetic materials are of fundamental interest due to their variety of applications. The structural and magnetic properties change significantly with different synthesis procedures. Here, we report the synthesis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies of spinel nickel ferrites doped with non-magnetic cations like cadmium and aluminium. The spinel ferrites like Ni 0.7 Cd 0.3 Fe 2- x Al x O 4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) are synthesized using one step auto combustion technique. The X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the formation of these systems in pure phase. In the present study we have used the modified home-built NMR spectrometer to study 57Fe NMR in these ferro magnetic materials. The difference in the Fe3+ bonding at the octahedral (B-site) and the tetrahedral (A-site) sites result in the different hyperfine fields yielding Internal Field (IF) NMR frequencies at two different frequencies. The substitution of the non-magnetic Al3+ results in increasing in the line width of the NMR spectra corresponding to the octahedral site (B-site). Further, the NMR spectra corresponding to A-site decreases (both in terms of line width and area) due to the decrease in the ferrimagnetic contribution at that site. Change in the local environment around Fe3+ ion present at B-site is very well observed using 57Fe NMR technique. • Phase pure aluminium substituted nickel ferrites are synthesized using one step auto combustion technique. • The Rietveld analysis shows that Al3+ prefers octahedral site over tetrahedral site. • VSM studies confirm the decrease in the saturation magnetization with Al3+ substitution. • 57Fe NMR studies confirm the preferential occupancy of Al3+ ions in nickel cadmium ferrites. • The intensity of tetrahedral site decreases due to the interruption in A-B interactions caused by the Al3+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the problem of estimation of hydrogen gas concentration using current output from a sensor chip, integrated with a thin film of ZnO as a sensing layer and inbuilt microheater to obtain desired operating temperature by proposing an appropriate algorithm. The proposed algorithm minimizes the estimation delay while maximizing the estimation accuracy. The proposed algorithm also accounts for the variation in sensor performance with relative humidity. The key features of the proposed algorithm are low computational complexity, low memory requirements, compatibility with any metal-oxides-based hydrogen sensors with independent calibration or turning points, and minimal requirements to the calibration time. As proof of concept, a demonstration of the algorithm efficiency is evaluated by estimating hydrogen concentration using ZnO thin film-based gas sensor device and comparing its performance with available state-of-the-art hydrogen sensor algorithm outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zebrafish are increasingly becoming popular as promising new model species for translational research in a variety of neurological fields. Because of their complex behaviors across all major neurobehavioral domains and strong genetic and physiological similarities to humans, zebrafish are well-suited to modelling many aspects of anxiety-related states. In this paper, we first summarized the behavioral models available in zebrafish, such as novel tank test, light/dark box test, open field test, and social preference test, and their efficacy in discovering anxiety-like indices in zebrafish, followed by highlighting the key neurotransmitter systems, such as glutamate and GABA. In addition, cortisol levels and gene expression were explored as well. Overall, this review discusses the benefits of using the zebrafish model for anxiety research and examines current research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most extensively employed strategy to control the AC output of power electronic inverters is the pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy. Since three decades modulation hypothesis continues to draw considerable attention and interest of researchers with the aim to reduce harmonic distortion and increased output magnitude for a given switching frequency. Among different PWM techniques space vector modulation (SVM) is very popular. However, as the number of output levels of the multilevel inverter (MLI) increases, the implementation of SVM becomes more difficult, because as the number of levels increases the total number of switches in the inverter increases which will increase the total number of switching states, which will result in increased computational complexity and increased storage requirements of switching states and switching pulse durations. The present work aims at reducing the complexity of implementing the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM)technique in multilevel inverters by using a generalized integer factor approach (IFA). The performance of the IFA is tested on a three-level inverter-fed induction motor for conventional PWM (CPWM) which is a continuous SVPWM method employing a 0127 sequence and discontinuous PWM (DPWM) methods viz, DPWMMIN using 012 sequences and DPWMMAX using a 721 sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This work presents the crystal structure of salt Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. • Intermolecular contacts of the types N–H···O and O−H···O were observed in the crystal packing. • The computational analysis 3D Hirshfeld surfaces analyses, DFT and QTAIM analysis were performed The title compound Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate – 3,5-dinitrosalicylate salt [ES] has been synthesized, crystallized and characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The molecular structure and crystal packing were carried out using theoretical optimization at the DFT level and the concept of atom in molecules (AIM) analysis was performed. Further, the molecular packing is visualized and quantified using Hirshfeld surfaces analysis. The crystal structure is stabilized via intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N – H ...O and O – H ...O. The hydrogen bonding acquires three-dimensional architecture and the molecules in the crystal are connected through C (8) hydrogen motif. The inter contact H...O (45.0%) contributes more to the Hirshfeld surfaces and the strength and stability of the multicomponent crystal have been estimated using the energy framework calculation. Further, the biological study of the title compound was studied through antibacterial and antifungal activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]