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Maxillary third molar extractions are one of the most common procedures performed by oral surgeons and general dentists in day to day clinical practice. It is however important at the same time to understand the variations that arise in the age of eruption, distension and impaction if occurs. It is important to be able to judge and choose the appropriate surgical approach for treating third molars requiring removal from the oral cavity and to give clinicians the gravity of understanding the cause for extraction. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of maxillary third molars undergoing extraction and its correlation to age and gender of the patient. This is a single centre retrospective study done from June 2019 - March 2020. The sample was collected from a pooled patient data of 21000 patients with definite inclusion and exclusion criterions. 2066 patients who underwent extraction of their maxillary third molars were considered. The parameters were examined and processed with relevance to the extracted maxillary third molar teeth on the basis of age and gender of the patient. IBM SPSS Version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Out of a total of 2066 patients considered for maxillary third molar extraction, the most common prevalent age group was 31-40 years of age (27.2%). Interestingly around the same number of patients had undergone extraction in the age group of 21-30 and 41-50 years (23.5% and 23.9% respectively). 23.8% were over 50 years of age to have undergone extraction of maxillary third molars. Out of a total 2066 patients, 1058 patients were female making them more prevalent than males (51.2%). More than half the total patients considered required extraction of maxillary third molars on the left side (51.3%). The association of age on the maxillary third molars extracted was statistically significant with p=0.046<0.05 by Chi square test. This study concludes to establish that though the predominance of maxillary third molar extractions arise in the age group of 31-40 years, they made only one quarter of the total sample population and the overall majority were over 40 years of age. Gender predilection was females over males in our population. The most common extracted maxillary third molar tooth was of the left side with definitive correlation to age and gender of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Mucormycosis osteomyelitis of the maxilla - a case series, which includes Mucormycosis also known as phycomycosis or zygomycosis is an acute opportunistic fulminant infection caused by a fungus from the Zygomycetes class of fungi and inhalation of fungal spores, beginning in the nose and paranasal sinuses and subsequently invading surrounding vascular tissues leading to avascular necrosis of hard and soft tissues.

Oroantral fistula (OAF), most commonly termed as oroantral communication, is the abnormal condition in which there is a communicating tract between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity. Oro-antral communications and fistulas are complications frequently encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons as a complication most commonly during extraction of upper molar and premolar teeth (48%). Other causes include tuberosity fracture, dentoalveolar/periapical infections of molars, implant dislodgement into maxillary sinus, trauma (7.5%), presence of maxillary cysts or tumors (18.5%), osteoradionecrosis, flap necrosis, dehiscence following implant failure and sometimes as a complication of the Caldwell-Luc procedure. The aim of this article is to describe OAF, introduce the approach algorithm for the treatment of OAF; and review the fundamental surgical techniques using local flaps for fistula closure with their advantages and disadvantages. Databases of PubMed central register of randomised controlled trials were searched for related studies along with a complementary manual search for relevant journals. Data extraction and collection from the included studies was conducted by the primary author and reviewed by the second author. It can be concluded that long term treatment for oro antral fistulas are by the use of with resorbable PLGA-coated -TCP root analogs, hemostatic gauze and local flaps which have all proved to be effective and longer lasting without secondary infection and recurrence. The most effective from literature among the local flaps is the buccal sliding flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. As altered endocrine functions may affect the shape and size of teeth leading to dental anomalies, studies have proved to predict the occurrence of these anomalies in patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of the morphological alterations in dentition of type I diabetes mellitus patients among dentists. A cross sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted among 500 dental professionals using 8 closed ended relevant questions. The collected data were consolidated and statistically analysed using IBM SPSS Version 20. This study revealed that only 38.8% dentists were aware that DM type 1 shows dental anomalies. Only 6% of the participants were aware of the fact that microdontia was the most common morphological alteration in dentition seen in DM Type 1 patients. And it was found that just 16.0% of participants were aware of all the morphological alterations in dentition of type 1 DM patients. It's established from this study the lack of knowledge about dental anomalies in DM among dental professionals. This study hopes to shed light on the importance of awareness to know the oral clinical findings in DM by dentists which will help in early and timely diagnosis of disease thereby aiding in their early management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maxillofacial trauma and pathology are infrequent in the paediatric population. Maxillofacial trauma in the paediatric age group is mostly due to unintentional injuries like falls, sports injuries and child abuse. Odontogenic lesions are tumors and cysts that have a wide range of distribution across all age groups. Due to a relatively rare occurrence in children, there has been a conspicuous paucity in literature on specific demographics of the two. This study aims to analyse the frequency of different odontogenic lesions and maxillofacial trauma in relation to the site of distribution, age of presentation, gender and treatment done from a retrospective point of view in the paediatric age group reporting to our institution during the period June 2019 - March 2020. 126 paediatric patients were treated in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia. After data analysis and taking into consideration the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 17 case sheets were identified to meet the needs of the study. 52.94% (n = 9) were pathological lesions, out of which 44.44% were odontogenic cysts and 55. 56% were odontogenic tumors. The remaining 47.05% (n = 8) cases were of maxillofacial trauma, where isolated fractures of mandible were seen more frequently than maxillary fractures. Frequency distribution of pediatric maxillofacial pathology and trauma in this study were similar to those in existing literature. However, the treatment modality employed for cases of paediatric trauma was varied. Pediatric mandibular trauma management was open reduction internal fixation with plates and screws versus the circummandibular wiring or conservative methods more suggested. The reasons for the altered treatment approach was more prevalence of severe trauma and displaced fracture segments in trauma cases. Cystic lesions were most common pathology and usually treated by enucleation or marsupialization in accordance with many earlier existing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frenum has its origin from the remnant of central cells of vestibular lamina which predominantly has connective tissue and least amount of muscle fibers. Labial frenum is a vertical band of oral mucosa that attaches the cheeks and lips to the alveolar mucosa of the mandibular and maxillary arches, limiting the movement of the lips and cheeks. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of type of maxillary labial frenal attachment among 18-30 years. The present retrospective study was conducted among 100 outpatients who reported to a private institution in Chennai from June 2019 to March 2020. Data regarding the type of frenal attachment was collected and analysed. From our current study, it was found out that out of 100 patients, 41% had gingival type, 27% had mucosal and papillary type, 5% had papillary penetrating type of maxillary labial frenal attachment and there was no significant association between gender and type of frenal attachment (Pearson Chi-Square test - 1.105, df-3, p value - 0.776(>0.05); statistically not significant). Within the limitations of the present study, the most prevalent type of maxillary frenal attachment in the given population was gingival type. Least prevalent type was papillary penetrating and there was no significant association between gender and type of frenal attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]