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Osteomyelitis is a bone inflammation caused mainly by bacteria. In cases of the femur’s neck osteomyelitis and concomitant septic arthritis, complications can lead to considerable joint shortening and deterioration in the long term. The cases of two neonatal patients are described, with hyperthermia manifestations as a common sign; and only in one of them limited movement of the right lower limb, flexion and adduction contracture, painful on movement. The diagnosis was based on clinical, imaging and laboratory criteria. The treatment consisted in the use of the abduction splint, which guaranteed the concentric reduction of the femoral head in the acetabular cavity; this could be verified by monitoring and control of the reduction, through simple radiography of the pelvis in each consultation. The early diagnosis of the disease determines the use of a more conservative treatment, in addition to minimizing complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: developmental dysplasia of the hip constitutes the most frequent affection for the development of the musculoskeletal system. In the context of radiographic diagnosis of this disease in infants, digital radiographs offer advantages that could be used for a more accurate diagnosis. Objective: to describe the DDC_Calc software operation to perform radiographic measurements in digital format. Methods: a technological innovation study was carried out during 2019, at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital, in Cienfuegos, specifically in the Orthopedics Service and with the specialists' contribution from the "Marta Abreu" Central University' Mathematics, Physics and Computing Faculty, Las Villas. The Viola-Jones artificial vision algorithm was used for the detection of the structures, as well as a rule-based system with a view to a diagnostic suggestion. Results: the software integrated the necessary tools to carry out the measurements used (angles, distances, positions) in the radiographic diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Its functionalities, requirements and operation of the application were described, based on a real clinical case, all illustrated with images. Conclusions: the use of the software facilitates the performance of more accurate measurements by the doctor, thus guaranteeing higher quality in the diagnosis and the preservation of the initial radiographic findings, which are very useful in the radiographic follow-up of the condition in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the use of digital radiographs for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip allows, in addition to early diagnosis and greater work efficiency, more precise measurements, patient monitoring and surgical planning. Objective: to describe a tool capable of detecting structures and points of interest in a semi-automatic way to carry out the necessary measurements and calculations with a view to diagnosing hip dysplasia in infants. Methods: study of technological innovation, where the Viola-Jones artificial vision algorithm was used for the detection of structures, as well as a rule-based system with a view to a diagnosis suggestion. The proposed tool (Software for radiographic measurements for diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants) is in the testing and exploitation phase at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital, in Cienfuegos. To validate the results, radiographic studies of 12 cases were chosen, to which measurements were applied using the traditional method and then using the software. Results: a system was obtained with a view to determining structures in hip radiography images, which allow points and lines to be obtained to calculate dysplasia indicators. The success rate in detecting the structures was 100%. Conclusion: there was a high coincidence between the measures calculated by the algorithm and those calculated manually. The correspondence between the diagnosis predicted by the system and that issued by specialist doctors was also high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of developmental dysplasia of the hip treatment is closely linked to early intervention, that is, early and safe diagnosis and treatment. The radiographic study has traditionally been based on the measurement of a series of parameters, which is carried out using the goniometer, marking directly on the radiograph. However, this procedure has its disadvantage. The present study aims to expose the characteristics of a template to measure the hip with dysplastic development in infants. It explains how to proceed with the proposed tool; its possibilities and application methodology are argued, and its feasibility from a practical point of view is illustrated. The template allows evaluation of the infant's hip, regardless the femoral head nucleus ossification; as well as determines if the hip is normal; and if it is pathological, classifies it depending on the degree of severity of the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Post-surgical reluxation is the second most frequent complication after a corrective open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip, why and how they are produced have not yet been solved, Objective: identify the risk factors of this event in the C.O.T. service of the H.A.A.A. Material and methods: An observational, analytical, transverse and retrospective study was carried out; With design Cases and Controls. The population was all patients who underwent the diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation coded by the ICD-10: Q65.0, Q65.1 or Q65.2 in the C.O.T. service of the H.A.A.A. In the period 2010-2015, sampling was performed by Epidat 3.1, ordering 2 controls for each case: 26 cases and 51 controls. The case definition was all patients belonging to the described population and presented with reluxation of the intervened hip. Frequency description, hypothesis testing, and finally generalized linear models were used to calculate the Odds ratio as a measure of association with the STATA 13 statistical package. Results: It was possible to count on 26 cases and 51 controls, the femoral osteotomy Desrotatoria presents OR 2.88; P <0.05 IC: 95%; The femoral osteotomy and the Varizante in the same surgery present OR 1.75; P> 0.05 CI: 95% and Klissic type pelvic osteotomy presents OR 1.5; P = 0.05 CI: 95% Conclusion: our research identifies in descending order as risk factors: the use of femoral osteotomy, desrotatory and varicose veins, pelvic osteotomy, Degas type, Klissic technique and total labrum removal procedure. Conclusion: our research identifies in descending order as risk factors: the use of desrotatory femoral and / or varus femoral osteotomy, Dega or Klissic type pelvic osteotomy and total labrum removal procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some authors suggest using ultrasound in the first three months of life, leaving radiography for stages after three or six months, when the femoral head is ossified. From our the authors´ of view, this distinction is not valid if the knowledge of the hip radiographic and ultrasound anatomy is considered as practical theoretical support, as well as an adequate interpretation of the images. To illustrate the correspondence between both types of studies, the common anatomical reference points for the respective images are identified. The aim is to show evidence of the effectiveness of the application of both methods as a complement for the clinical diagnosis of dysplastic hip development. It is concluded that there is a close relationship between them, which can be based on the diagnosis of the disease, and even its evolutionary follow-up, regardless the child's age, during the first year of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysplastic hip development is an orthopedic condition of childhood, which may have different degrees of severity. In more severe cases, such as dysplasia, subluxation and dislocation, the use of orthopedic orthoses is required. The fact that the ossification nucleus of the femoral head does not appear ossified on the radiograph at six months of age is one of the criteria to be considered for the diagnosis of dysplasia. To begin the orthotic treatment, the qualitative characteristics of acetabulum must be analyzed, and it will be taken into account that the treatments are not exempt of complications. In this work, the authors' point of view on therapeutic decision making is illustrated by radiographic images in a patient with a delayed ossification of the femoral head nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some authors suggest that hip radiographic measurement in the cartilaginous stage is difficult by the non-visualization in the x-rays of the femoral head ossified nucleus, which compromises the exact determination of the relation between the femoral head and the acetabulum. This article describes the methodology for radiological evaluation of the hip with dysplastic development from the cartilaginous stage. For this, a simple anteroposterior pelvis radiograph was used in the cartilaginous stage, where the femoral head is not visible. The proposed methodology has as initial element the determination of reference points that are present from the new born stage and on which measurements and angles are made. It allows to establish diagnostic groups and to provide follow up in time until curing the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of hip with dysplastic development treatment is related to the early diagnosis and the treatment used. Orthotic treatment should guarantee the remodeling of the dysplastic hip, for which it is necessary to comply with hip flexion and abduction requirements in adequate degrees to avoid the appearance of complications. Radiographic study is a way to corroborate that these requirements are met in patients´ pelvis with the orthotic device placed, to whose resulting image three measurements are made. The case images of a four months female patient, with clinical and radiographic signs of dysplastic hip development are presented, in order to show the appropriate degrees of flexion that the orthosis should provide. The application of these methods offers greater certainty about the reduction achieved and guarantees the joint remodeling toward normality in the hip with dysplastic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To present descriptive epidemiology of Orofacial Clefts and to determine the association of syndromic forms with antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth, and comorbidities among nestedseries of cases. Methods: A study of nested-series of cases was conducted. Frequencies of cleft type, associated congenital anomalies, syndromic, non-syndromic and multiple malformation forms, and distribution of Orofacial Clefts according to sex and affected-side were determined. Odds ratios were calculated as measures of association between syndromic forms and antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth and comorbidities. A total of three hundred and eleven patients with Orofacial Clefts were assessed in a 12-month period. Results: The most frequent type of Orofacial Clefts was cleft lip and palate, this type of cleft was more frequent in males, whereas cleft palate occurred more often in females. The most common cases occurred as non-syndromic forms. Aarskog-Scott syndrome showed the highest frequency amongst syndromic forms. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, developmental dysplasia of the hip, central nervous diseases and respiratory failure showed significant statistical associations (p <0.05) with syndromic forms. Conclusions: These data provide an epidemiological reference of Orofacial Clefts in Colombia. Novel associations between syndromic forms and clinical variables are determined. In order to investigate causality relationships between these variables further studies must be carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: determine the incidence of hip dysplasia in development of the municipality of Tiquipaya, also whether pelvis radiograph is useful as a complementary method for the determination of DCD. Methods: study type descriptive, retrospective, since January 1, 2012 to July 1, 2012, in the service of "Outpatient Pediatrics" Tiquipaya Hospital, examined 138 patients, of which 91 eligible patients. Results: of the 91 cases, DCD was observed in 29 cases (32%), 15 cases (52%) bilateral DCD, 4 cases (14%) DCD right and 10 cases (34%) left DCD. The female 24 cases (83%). The most common age was 4 months (52%). Significant correlation between risk factors and DCD didn't show statistically significant, for which there is no relationship between the variables. Conclusions: DCD incidence was 32%. There is no relationship between the risk factors and the development of DCD. We recommend routinely perform an X-ray all children around the third and fourth month of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]