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Since the onset of the outbreak im December 2013 and up to the September 20 cut-off, there have been 2,909 deaths in the 6,185 likely cases of Ebola. It is considered that the letality under 50%, considerably lower tan the one reported in previous outbreaks of the disease, is biased due to the dificulty to collect and analyze information. On September 23, WHO showed a review of such estimations, indicating 70% letality. The outbreak was originally reported in Liberia and Guinea. Further cases were reported in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Senegal. All the cases confirmed by laboratory have been EBOV positive. The initial source of the outbreak was found in the village called Meliandou in the in Guéckédou Prefecture, Guinea. The index case was a two-year-old boy, who die don December 6, 2013. His mother, sister and grandmother also died because of the disease. The people from this village transmitted the disease to people in nera-by villages. The outbreak initially spread to Liberia and then to Sierra Leone. Virus circulation continues in three countries. The transmision of some cases to Nigeria and Senegal led these countries to close their borders to the three formerly mentioned countries and quarantine suspicious individuals. So far, neither country has presented new cases; hence they are considered under control. Likewise, cases imported from those countries into the United States, France, Germany, spain, Switzerland, and the Uited Kingdom have been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine mastitis provokes inflammation of the mammary gland and is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Highest incidence occurs at drying off period and parturition, where prolactin (PRL) has a relevant function, although its role in the infection has not been studied. In this work, in vitro effect of the bovine PRL (1-50 ng/mL) on endocytosis and intracellular proliferation of S. aureus (ATCC 27543) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) was evaluated. The BMEC treated during 24 h with 5 ng/mL of bPRL increases ~3 fold the endocytosis of S. aureus, besides inducing bacterial proliferation. This effect was specifically reverted by treating the BMEC with IgG anti-bPRL. S. aureus increased (~3 fold) its endocytosis in BMEC treated with bPRL (5 ng/mL), but the number of infected cells was not modified. In conclusion, the bPRL stimulates the endocytosis and the proliferation of S. aureus in BMEC. i [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La mastitis bovina provoca la inflamación de la glándula mamaria y es ocasionada principalmente por Staphylococcus aureus. Presenta una incidencia mayor durante el parto o después de la lactancia, periodos en que la prolactina (PRL) tiene función relevante, aunque se desconoce su participación en la infección. En este trabajo se evaluó in vitro, el efecto de la PRL bovina (1-50 ng/mL) sobre la endocitosis y proliferación intracelular de S. aureus (ATCC 27543) en células epiteliales mamarias bovinas (CEMB). Las CEMB tratadas durante 24 h con 5 ng/mL de bPRL incrementan ~3 veces la endocitosis de S. aureus, además de inducir la proliferación bacteriana. Este efecto fue revertido de manera específica tratando las CEMB con IgG anti-bPRL. Las CEMB tratadas con bPRL (5 ng/mL) presentaron mayor endocitosis de S. aureus (~3 veces), pero el número de células infectadas no se modificó. En conclusión, la presencia de bPRL favorece la endocitosis y la proliferación de S. aureus en las CEMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Mexican Secretariat of Health, and border health officials began the development of the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) project, a surveillance system for infectious diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border. During a 3-year period, a binational team implemented an active, sentinel surveillance system for hepatitis and febrile exanthems at 13 clinical sites. The network developed surveillance protocols, trained nine surveillance coordinators, established serologic testing at four Mexican border laboratories, and created agreements for data sharing and notification of selected diseases and outbreaks. BIDS facilitated investigations of dengue fever in Texas-Tamaulipas and measles in California-Baja California. BIDS demonstrates that a binational effort with local, state, and federal participation can create a regional surveillance system that crosses an international border. Reducing administrative, infrastructure, and political barriers to cross-border public health collaboration will enhance the effectiveness of disease prevention projects such as BIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]