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Optimal facility repair planning is a challenge, especially as it applies to a portfolio of facilities constrained by a limited budget. This paper discusses a linear programming optimization method to develop improved maintenance and repair strategies. This method introduces a utility metric, termed component "endurance," used to determine repair decisions to help maximize the financial health of a portfolio of facilities. A predictive model is used to calculate this endurance metric to measure the impact of repair decisions at a specified future date. This future impact is integrated into an optimization framework to guide repair decisions with the aim of avoiding excessive deterioration of the most valuable components while remaining within budget. This approach shows appreciable benefits over traditional component condition ranking approaches, including increased portfolio health and reductions in deferred maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequent absence of a documented history of sexual assault/rape in the prior research on serial sexual murderers is curious. In order to address several methodological problems in prior research, a closed-case archival review of a nonrandom national sample of 53 serial sexual homicide cases was conducted which identified 14 offenders with a history of sexual assault/rape for an overall prevalence rate of 26.4%. Of the 14 offenders with a prior known history of sexual assault/rape, 11 (78.6%) sexually penetrated at least one of their homicide victims at the crime scene. Implications for investigation of serial sexual homicide as well as for further understanding of this exceptionally rare crime are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights reports on the epidemiology of persistent enterococcal bacteremia. Topics discussed include selected reports describing patients with enterococcal bacteremia and including data on bacteremia duration, clinical relevance of persistent enterococcal bacteremia, and commonly used antimicrobials effective against susceptible enterococcus species.

During the past 4 decades, oral vancomycin has been a mainstay of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) therapy with no reports of treatment failure due to emergence of vancomycin resistance. However, C. difficile isolates with high-level phenotypic resistance to vancomycin have recently been reported in 3 distinct geographic regions. There is an urgent need for surveillance to determine if strains with reduced vancomycin susceptibility are circulating in other areas. In a Cleveland-area hospital, screening of 176 CDI stool specimens yielded no C. difficile isolates with reduced vancomycin susceptibility and highlighted the potential for false-positive results due to contamination with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Additional studies are needed to clarify whether reduced vancomycin susceptibility is an emerging problem that will alter clinical practice. Clinicians should alert their health department if they observe a substantial increase in the frequency of vancomycin treatment failure in patients diagnosed with CDI with no alternative explanation for diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in late 2019 and in 2020 presented challenges to healthcare workers (HCW) around the world that were unexpected and dramatic. The relentless progress of infection, starting in China and rapidly spreading to Europe, North America and elsewhere gave more remote countries, like Australia, time to prepare but also time for unease. HCW everywhere had to readjust and change their work practices to cope. Further waves of infection and transmission with newer variants pose challenges to HCW and health systems, even after mass vaccination. Respiratory medicine HCW found themselves at the frontline, developing critical care services to support intensive care units and grappling with unanticipated concerns about safety, risk and the need to retrain. Several studies have addressed the need for rapid changes in the healthcare workforce for COVID‐19 and the impact of this preparation on HCW themselves. In this paper, we present a scoping review of the literature on preparing HCW for the pandemic, explore the Australian experience of building the respiratory workforce and propose evidence‐based recommendations to sustain this workforce in an unprecedented high‐risk environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on alveolar echinococcosis caused by echinococcus multilocularis, a small cyclophyllid tapeworm. Topics include information on presence of changing epidemiologic features of E. multilocularis in the U.S.; and evidence of the possible establishment of a reservoir and active transmission of a European strain of echinococcus multilocularis.

[Display omitted] • Lignin has been used to introduce mesoporosity in FAU zeolites. • Micro- and mesoporous FAU zeolites have been prepared via hydrothermal and alkaline desilication. • Coumarins have been succesfully synthesized using H-FAU zeolites. Herein, the effect of various treatments subjected to FAU zeolites to introduce mesoporosity has been examined on their efficiency as catalyst in the cyclisation of O -aryl 3-arylpropynoic acid ester to its corresponding coumarin. The addition of bio-sourced lignin residues in the alkaline desilication treatment induced the generation of supplementary mesoporosity, thus offering an optimal micro- and mesopores combination with respect to targeted activity and selectivity. The so-called bio-sourced secondary template (BSST) concept in the design of zeolite-based catalysts could be assessed. The use of renewable wood feedstocks can therefore be a valuable strategy for the zeolite post-modification, thus for the design of porous zeolite catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Echinococcus multilocularis is one of the most severe and lethal parasitic diseases of humans, most often reported in Europe and Asia. Only 1 previous case has been documented in the contiguous United States from Minnesota in 1977. European haplotypes have been identified in carnivores and domestic dogs as well as recently in patients in western and central Canada. Methods We used immunohistochemical testing with the monoclonal antibody Em2G11 and a species-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay affinity-purified antigen Em2, as well as COX1 gene sequencing. Results Using pathology, immunohistochemical staining, specific immunodiagnostic testing, and COX1 gene sequencing, we were able to definitively identify E. multilocularis as the causative agent of our patient's liver and lung lesions, which clustered most closely with the European haplotype. Conclusions We have identified the first case of a European haplotype E. multilocularis in the United States and the first case of this parasitic infection east of the Mississippi River. Given the identification of this haplotype in Canada, this appears to be an emerging infectious disease in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research reported herein makes use of finite-volume simulations of morphing continuum theory (MCT) to reproduce critical relations of thin-airfoil theory for the simple configuration of a flat plate for supersonic and subsonic flows. With a small mesh size of N=5,600 elements, simulations confirm that inviscid flows simulated by MCT match analytic relations for lift and pressure coefficients derived from classical fluid mechanics, a result confirmed by the inviscid MCT equations. Initial success of MCTHyperFOAM version 1.0 for the flat plate indicates that the solver can be extended to more complex aerodynamic flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background ZTI-01 (fosfomycin for injection) is an epoxide antibiotic with a differentiated mechanism of action (MOA) inhibiting an early step in bacterial cell wall synthesis. ZTI-01 has broad in vitro spectrum of activity, including multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, and is being developed for treatment of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and acute pyelonephritis (AP) in the United States. Methods Hospitalized adults with suspected or microbiologically confirmed cUTI/AP were randomized 1:1 to 6 g ZTI-01 q8h or 4.5 g intravenous (IV) piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TAZ) q8h for a fixed 7-day course (no oral switch); patients with concomitant bacteremia could receive up to 14 days. Results Of 465 randomized patients, 233 and 231 were treated with ZTI-01 and PIP-TAZ, respectively. In the microbiologic modified intent-to-treat (m-MITT) population, ZTI-01 met the primary objective of noninferiority compared with PIP-TAZ with overall success rates of 64.7% (119/184 patients) vs 54.5% (97/178 patients), respectively; treatment difference was 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.4, 20.8). Clinical cure rates at test of cure (TOC, day 19–21) were high and similar between treatments (90.8% [167/184] vs 91.6% [163/178], respectively). In post hoc analysis using unique pathogens typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, overall success rates at TOC in m-MITT were 69.0% (127/184) for ZTI-01 versus 57.3% (102/178) for PIP-TAZ (difference 11.7% 95% CI: 1.3, 22.1). ZTI-01 was well tolerated. Most treatment-emergent adverse events, including hypokalemia and elevated serum aminotransferases, were mild and transient. Conclusions ZTI-01 was effective for treatment of cUTI including AP and offers a new IV therapeutic option with a differentiated MOA for patients with serious Gram-negative infections. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02753946 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surficial application of waste glycerol (WG) for enhanced bioremediation was tested in situ at an old military range site to address hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) contaminated groundwater. This treatment was effective in inducing strong reducing conditions (range: −4 to −205 mV) and increasing the concentrations of organic carbon (from 10 to 729 mg/L) and fatty acids (from 0 to 940 mg/L) concomitantly with a decrease in RDX concentrations (range: 17 to 143 μg/L) to below detection limits (0.1 μg/L) in 2 of the 3 monitoring wells (MWs) evaluated. None of these changes were observed in the control MW. RDX disappeared without the detection of any common anaerobic nitroso degradation intermediates, with the exception of one MW where the concentration of organics did not significantly increase (range: 10 to 20 mg/L), suggesting the conditions were not favourable for biodegradation. Ecotoxicological analysis suggested that the use of WG may have some dose-related deleterious effects on different soil and aquatic receptors. Analysis of the microbial community composition, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences, which provided insight into whether the process design had selected for and stimulated the optimal microbial populations, indicated co-existence of numerous Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to groups known to be capable of RDX degradation under anaerobic conditions, with a positive link between Geobacter spp. enrichment and the presence of RDX nitroso metabolites. Overall, the results from this field test show that this treatment process can provide an effective long-term, semi-passive remediation option for RDX contaminated groundwater. Unlabelled Image • Waste glycerol (WG) was used in situ to treat RDX contaminated groundwater. • Surficially applied WG reached groundwater and induced strong reducing conditions. • Organic carbon and fatty acid concentrations increased while that of RDX decreased. • Dose-related deleterious effects of WG observed on soil and aquatic receptors • Amplicon sequence analysis revealed known RDX degrading taxa enriched by treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonrandom national sample of 260 sexual homicides (207 nonserial and 53 serial) disclosed 50 cases in which an offender (45 nonserial and 10 serial) inserted a foreign object into a victim's orifice. The prevalence of foreign object insertion, as well as the types and shapes of inserted objects, where the objects were obtained, the bodily location of insertions, the visibility of inserted objects at the scene, and whether the insertions were pre- or post-mortem are all reported. The foreign object insertion prevalence rate for the sexual homicide sample of cases is 19.2%. Nonserial offenders engaged in foreign object insertion at about the same rate (21.7%) as the serial offenders (18.8%). Our findings do not support the largely held notions-based mainly on case reports-that most offenders who engage in foreign object insertion are psychotic and that the insertion behavior is always post-mortem. The insertion behavior of the nonserial offenders reflects a level of sadism and deviancy comparable with the serial offenders, an unexpected finding with possible prognostic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which calculated the torque on a spinning superconducting sphere. Torque on a rotating superconducting sphere on a cylinder; Torque on rotating superconducting sphere in a spherical cap; Conclusions.

Deals with a study which measured the absorption coefficients of two crystalline solid-state materials, KCl:Eu and CaF[sub2]:Eu using a spectrophotometer. Significance of optical absorption to a homogeneous solid-state material; Experimental procedure; Results and discussion.

Finite volume simulations of turbulent boundary layer flow over an axisymmetric hill are performed for ReH=6500 using morphing continuum theory and compared with direct numerical simulation data from Castagna et al. ("Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Flow over an Axisymmetric Hill," Computers and Fluids Journal, Vol. 95, May 2014, pp. 116-126.) and experimental data obtained by Simpson. The inlet profile is specified by inputting values from the profile specified by Castagna et al. Root-mean-square velocity fluctuations are input using the new variable of gyration from morphing continuum theory. Additional terms introduced by morphing continuum theory lead to a new formulation of the Q criterion, which allows for the visualization of three-dimensional turbulent structures including hairpin vortices. Streamline plots of the separation bubble show a more confined bubble than Castagna et. al. but agree well on the separation and reconnection points. The surface pressure coefficient matches Simpson much more closely than Castagna et al. Morphing continuum theory data were obtained on a 6.72×106 cell mesh containing a smaller number of cells by an order of magnitude than that of the direct numerical simulation mesh of 5.4×107 by Castagna et al. The effects of the particle on the larger structures are inferred from the variation in the new variable of gyration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bronchoscopic transbronchial cryobiopsy is increasingly used for the histological assessment of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Diagnostic performance may be improved by more accurate targeting of biopsy to radiologic abnormalities, and complication rates may be reduced by avoiding biopsy of pleura or larger vessels. Objectives: To report the preliminary experience of using CT-fluoroscopic guidance for accurate targeting of bronchoscopic transbronchial cryobiopsy. Methods: Bronchoscopic cryobiopsy was performed in a hybrid CT theatre. 3D CT images were acquired following positioning of the cryoprobe in a distal airway segment. Where cryoprobe position was observed to be too close to the chest wall/diaphragm pleura, or not within the region of interest within the lung parenchyma, re-positioning of probe was undertaken and repeat 3D images were acquired to confirm positioning prior to cryobiopsy. Results: CT-fluoroscopic transbronchial cryobiopsy was successfully performed in 4 patients: 3 patients with interstitial lung infiltrates, and one with an enlarging left upper lobe mass. Images were reviewed following each acquisition to accurately assess the probe position within the lung parenchyma, and relative to other thoracic structures. Intra-procedural imaging was of sufficient quality to allow the accurate positioning of the cryoprobe tip with respect to both the parenchymal region of interest and pleural surfaces. No complications were experienced, and all procedures yielded diagnostic specimens. Conclusions: Our preliminary experience confirms the feasibility of performing transbronchial cryobiopsy under CT-fluoroscopic guidance. Accurate targeting of transbronchial cryobiopsy may be achieved using CT-fluoroscopic guidance. Positioning of the probe tip, both with respect to parenchymal region of interest and to pleural surfaces, can be established with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A closed case file review of a nonrandom national sample of 975 homicides disclosed 11 cases (1.13%) of undoing, wherein offenders engaged in crime scene behavior that has been considered an attempt to symbolically reverse the murder. The frequency of the various methods of undoing involved the use of blankets to cover the victim’s body (55%), positioning the body (55%), use of a bed or couch (42%), washing the body (36%), using pillows (36%), as well as removing clothing and adding other types of adornments (27%). Ten of the 11 offenders were male, and one was female; all 12 victims were female. Ten of the 12 victims were family members or relationship intimates. These findings are consistent with prior reports which concluded that the motivation for undoing behavior is an attempt to compensate for guilt or remorse for having committed the homicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a prospective case-controlled study of 63 idiopathic non-allergic rhinitis patients, where their nasal compliance were measured for the purpose of diagnosis. Details are presented with regard to the patients including their symptoms, diagnosis and their functional tests like immunologic tests, rhinomanometry and nasal compliance measurement. Statistical analysis of nasal compliance and the results of the study are also presented.

The bone marrow in the skull is important for shaping immune responses in the brain and meninges, but its molecular makeup among bones and relevance in human diseases remain unclear. Here, we show that the mouse skull has the most distinct transcriptomic profile compared with other bones in states of health and injury, characterized by a late-stage neutrophil phenotype. In humans, proteome analysis reveals that the skull marrow is the most distinct, with differentially expressed neutrophil-related pathways and a unique synaptic protein signature. 3D imaging demonstrates the structural and cellular details of human skull-meninges connections (SMCs) compared with veins. Last, using translocator protein positron emission tomography (TSPO-PET) imaging, we show that the skull bone marrow reflects inflammatory brain responses with a disease-specific spatial distribution in patients with various neurological disorders. The unique molecular profile and anatomical and functional connections of the skull show its potential as a site for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating brain diseases. [Display omitted] • Bone marrow across the body display molecular heterogeneity in mice and humans • Calvaria cells have a distinct profile that is relevant to brain pathologies • Structural details of human skull-meninges connections are revealed • TSPO-PET imaging of human skulls can be a proxy of neuroinflammation in the brain The bone marrow of the skull has a unique molecular and functional composition, as well as disease-specific inflammatory responses that can be observed through human translocator protein positron emission tomography (TSPO-PET) imaging, suggesting that it has potential as a site for brain disease diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is a toxic, mobile groundwater contaminant common to military sites. Biodegradation of RDX is an alternative, cost effective and environmentally friendly remediation approach. The effects of carbon amendments (waste glycerol and cheese whey) used alone or with a potential electron shuttle (ammonium lignosulfonate) on RDX biodegradation were assessed. These substrates are readily available waste materials that can be used as nutrients to promote oxygen consumption, creating a more reducing environment. Nutrient amended batch assays were conducted using RDX spiked contaminated demolition range soil under anaerobic conditions. The amendments that improved RDX mineralization the most were subsequently tested in a scaled up repacked soil column study to verify if this strategy could be effectively implemented on-site. Microcosm results indicated that RDX mineralization by indigenous anaerobic microorganisms was enhanced the most by the low carbon amendment concentration. The use of ammonium lignosulfonate was not effective, exhibiting an inhibitory effect on RDX biodegradation that was stronger at higher concentrations. The soil column study showed that the low concentration of waste was the most promising treatment scenario. These results offer good prospects for the use of waste glycerol for in situ treatment of soils contaminated with energetic-materials, such as RDX. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose Our goal was to determine whether tumour radiosensitivity is associated with activation of the immune system across all tumour types as measured by two gene expression signatures (GESs). Methods We identified 10,240 genomically profiled distinct solid primary tumours with gene expression analysis available from an institutional de-identified database. Two separate GESs were included in the analysis, the radiosensitivity index (RSI) GES (a 10-gene GES as a measure of radiosensitivity) and the 12-chemokine (12-CK) signature (a 12-gene GES as a measure of immune activation). We tested whether the RSI and 12-CK were associated with each other across all tumour samples and, in an exploratory analysis, their prognostic significance in predicting distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) among a well-characterised, independent cohort of 282 early-stage breast cancer cases treated with surgery and post-operative radiation alone without systemic therapy. The lower the RSI score, the higher the tumour radiosensitivity; whereas, the higher the 12-CK score the higher the immune activation. Results Using an RSI cut-point of ≤0.3745, RSI-low tumours (n = 4,291, 41.9%) had a significantly higher median 12-CK GES value (0.54 [−0.136, 1.095]) compared with RSI-high tumours (−0.17 [–0.82, 0.42]; p < 0.001) across all tumour samples, indicating that radiosensitivity is associated with immune activation. In an exploratory analysis of early-stage breast cancer cases, a multivariable model with patient age, RSI and 12-CK provided a strong composite model for DMFS (p = 0.02), with RSI (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63 [95% confidence interval 0.36, 1.09]) and 12-CK (HR 0.66 [0.41, 1.04]) each providing comparable contributions. Conclusions Tumour radiosensitivity is associated with immune activation as measured by the two GESs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses crossover trial comparison of Insulin Degludec 200 units/mL which is collaborated with lower injection frequency and Insulin Glargine 100 units/mL in Type 2 diabetes patients. It is suggested that patients with type 2 diabetes require high basal insulin. The design of the trial, statistical analysis, and its treatments are also discussed.

Magnet-tipped, elastic rods can be steered by an external magnetic field to perform surgical tasks. Such rods could be useful for a range of new medical applications because they do not require either pull wires or other bulky mechanisms that are problematic in small anatomical regions. However, current magnetic rod steering systems are large and expensive. Here, we describe a method to guide a rod using a robot-manipulated magnet located near a patient. We solve for rod deflections by combining permanent-magnet models with a Kirchhoff elastic rod model and use a resolved-rate approach to compute trajectories. Experiments show that three-dimensional trajectories can be executed accurately without feedback and that the system's redundancy can be exploited to avoid obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biochar obtained from algae (Trachydiscus minutus, TRA) with rich surface functional groups and metal ions was used as a hard template to efficiently synthesize modified ZSM-5 zeolites with high external surface area (ESA) and mild acidity. Compared with pristine ZSM-5, which exhibited an ESA of 121 m2/g, TRA/ZSM-5 modified with algal carbon yielded an ESA of 171 m2/g. In addition, the catalytic lifetime of TRA/ZSM-5 zeolite in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction was also greatly improved compared with H-ZSM-5: TRA/ZSM-5 maintained a methanol conversion >95% during 16 h (at 400 °C, WHSV = 8 h−1), whilst H-ZSM-5 could only last for 10 h. After further optimization, the lifespan of TRA/ZSM-5 could be further enhanced to 24 h. Finally, it could be shown that the presence of hydrophilic functional groups and heteroelements were the key parameters to enhance the ESA of the zeolite and reduce its Brønsted acidity. Schematic Biochar/ZSM-5 growth mechanism. [Display omitted] • ZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized using biochars from algae. • BrØnsted acidity could be tailored thanks to the heteroelements present in biochars. • The presence of functional groups on biochar are beneficial for zeolite crystal growth. • Longer catalyst lifetime was demonstrated in the MTO reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue trauma is a frequent complication of cochlear implantation (CI) surgery, but the relationship between intracochlear trauma, electrode insertion forces, and surgeons' ability to perceive these forces is poorly understood. In this study, we simulated CI surgery using a benchtop apparatus to repeatedly apply small forces to the subjects' hands while reducing the variability in their hand movements. We used a psychophysical testing procedure to estimate the force perception thresholds of 10 otologic surgeons and found a median threshold of 20.4 mN. The results suggest that surgeons have the capability to sense at least some insertion forces and are likely to perceive severe trauma such as occurs when the electrode crosses from one scala to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact on food purchasing behaviour of the ‘Change4Life Smart Swaps’ campaign to encourage families to make small changes to lower-fat or lower-sugar versions of commonly eaten foods and drinks.DesignQuasi-experimental study comparing the proportion of swaps made by an intervention group (267 families who had signed up to the ‘Smart Swaps’ campaign promoted through various media, including television and radio advertising in early 2014) and a comparison group (135 families resident in Wales, signed up for ‘Change4Life’ materials, but not directly exposed to the ‘Smart Swaps’ campaign). During weeks 1, 2 and 3 of the campaign participants were asked to record their purchases of dairy products, carbonated drinks and breakfast cereals, using a mobile phone app questionnaire, when making a purchase within the category.SettingEngland and Wales.SubjectsFamilies registered with ‘Change4Life’.ResultsIn weeks 2 and 3 a significantly higher percentage of the intervention group had made ‘smart swaps’ than the comparison group. After week 3, 58 % of participants had swapped to a lower-fat dairy product compared with 26 % of the comparison group (P<0·001), 32 % of the intervention group had purchased a lower-sugar drink compared with 19 % of the comparison group (P=0·01), and 24 % had made a change to a lower-sugar cereal compared with 12 % of the comparison group (P=0·009).ConclusionsIn the short term a national campaign to change purchase habits towards healthier products may have some merit but the sustainability of change requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

After >3 decades of steady growth, the number of biological and medical science postdoctorates at doctoral degree-granting institutions recently began to decline. From 2010 through 2013, the most recent survey years, the postdoctoral population decreased from 40,970 to 38,719, a loss of 5.5%. This decline represents a notable departure from the previous long-standing increases in the number of postdoctorates in the biomedical workforce. The rate of contraction appears to be accelerating in the most recent survey years, and this has important implications for the biomedical workforce.--Garrison, H. H., Justement, L. B., Gerbi, S. A. Biomedical science postdocs: an end to the era of expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birds are expected to select nest sites that maximize their reproductive success. In some settings, particularly in human-modified landscapes, birds may make maladaptive choices based on unreliable cues. We studied nest-site selection and the factors that influence reproductive success of Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) in managed switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) grasslands in Iowa. We compared vegetation variables at 115 nest sites and corresponding random points. Conditional logistic regression was used to relate nest success, brood parasitism, and number of young fledged per successful nest to vegetation characteristics. Common Yellowthroats selected nest sites with denser and more senescent vegetation, and more forb cover compared with random points. Nest success, however, was negatively related to forb cover. Brood parasitism was not well-explained by any variables. Number of young fledged was positively related to the proportion of senescent vegetation. Selection of nest sites with denser vegetation and more senescent vegetation is consistent with variables reported in the literature and emphasizes the importance of nonharvested areas for Common Yellowthroats in switchgrass fields. Maladaptive preference for nest sites with more forbs could have negative consequences for Common Yellowthroat populations if the pattern we saw persists or applies to other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. sensu lato (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), is a univoltine, resident, omnivorous species and a beneficial predator in pome fruit orchards. Here, three methods were used to investigate pear (Pyrus communis L., Rosaceae) orchard inoculation with European earwig for biocontrol of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Washington State, USA. The first method was earwig inoculation experiments. In a first experiment (2019–2020), each of three orchards had one inoculation and one control plot. In a second experiment (2020–2021), there were four inoculation and four control plots in each of the same three orchards. In both experiments, earwigs persisted during the year of inoculation, but earwigs were nearly absent the following season at two orchards that used conventional broad‐spectrum pesticides. At the third orchard, which excluded broad‐spectrum pesticides under an integrated pest management (IPM) program, earwigs became abundant in year two of the second experiment. The second method was case studies. In the first of two case studies, during 2016, 2017, 2022, and 2023, in half of the integrated orchard from above, conventional broad‐spectrum sprays were used. Earwig populations became low in the conventional half. In the second case study, earwigs became abundant after inoculation of an integrated orchard by the grower. Earwigs spread to the edge of the orchard in year two and spilled into a neighboring orchard in years three and four. The third method was an observational study of 36 pear orchards over 5 years. Earwigs were rarely found in conventionally sprayed orchards, and earwigs increased each additional year integrated management was used. The findings suggest conventional pear spray programs in Washington nearly eradicate earwigs, but populations can recover under integrated management with natural dispersal from refuges or with inoculative releases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune literacy garnered significant attention in recent years due to the threat posed by emerging infectious diseases. The pace of immunological discoveries and their relevance to society are substantial yet coordinated educational efforts have been rare. This motivated us to create a task force of educators to reflect on pedagogical approaches to teaching immunology and to draft, develop, and evaluate key competencies for undergraduate immunology education. The research questions addressed include: 1) Which competencies are considered important by educators? 2) Are the illustrative skills clear, accurate and well aligned with the core competencies listed in the Vision and Change report?; 3) What are the concerns of immunology educators about competencies and skills? We collected data on the draft competencies using surveys, focus groups, and interviews. The iterative revision phase followed the community review phase before finalizing the framework. Here, we report a hierarchical learning framework, with six core competencies, twenty illustrative skills, and companion immunology-specific example learning outcomes. Predominant themes from interviews and focus groups, which informed revisions of this framework are shared. With the growing need for immunology education across the sciences, the ImmunoSkills Guide and accompanying discussion can be used as a resource for educators, administrators and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two contrasting views can characterize the attitude of many studies toward reaction norms (RNs). An 'optimistic' view attempts to use a linear model to describe RN variation; and a 'pessimistic' view emphasizes RNs complexity without using any model to describe them. Here, we have analyzed the shape of 40 RNs of five traits of Drosophila mediopunctata in response to 11 temperatures. Our results, along with several other studies, show that RNs are typically curves best explained by nonlinear models. Estimating the set of 40 RNs on the basis of three rather than 11 temperatures produces a scenario, typical of the pessimistic view, where the linear model is either nonsignificant or a poor explanatory model. Moreover, we show that RN nonlinearity can significantly affect the conclusions of studies using the linear model. We propose a middle ground view on RNs which recognizes their general nonlinearity. Such view could, on the one hand, explain part of the important phenomenon of genotype-environment interaction emphasized by the pessimistic view. Moreover, it may explain features and patterns which are being ignored by the optimistic view. We suggest the parabolic model as first step to reveal patterns which were ignored before, or not fully appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current technique for cochlear implantation (CI) surgery requires a mastoidectomy to gain access to the cochlea for electrode array insertion. It has been shown that microstereotactic frames can enable an image-guided, minimally invasive approach to CI surgery called percutaneous cochlear implantation (PCI) that uses a single drill hole for electrode array insertion, avoiding a more invasive mastoidectomy. Current clinical methods for electrode array insertion are not compatible with PCI surgery because they require a mastoidectomy to access the cochlea; thus, we have developed a manually operated electrode array insertion tool that can be deployed through a PCI drill hole. The tool can be adjusted using a preoperative CT scan for accurate execution of the advance off-stylet (AOS) insertion technique and requires less skill to operate than is currently required to implant electrode arrays. We performed three cadaver insertion experiments using the AOS technique and determined that all insertions were successful using CT and microdissection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Enterococci have the potential for resistance to virtually all clinically useful antibiotics. Their emergence as important nosocomial pathogens has coincided with increased expression of antimicrobial resistance by members of the genus. The mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in enterococci may be intrinsic to the species or acquired through mutation of intrinsic genes or horizontal exchange of genetic material encoding resistance determinants. This paper reviews the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis and discusses treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of compost, nitrogen salts, and nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium (NPK) fertilizers on the methane oxidation potential (MOP) of landfill cover soil at various temperatures were assessed. For this, we used batch assays conducted at 5°C, 15°C, and 25°C with microcosms containing landfill cover soil slurries amended with these elements. Results indicated variable impacts dependent on the type of amendment and the incubation temperature. For a given incubation temperature, MOP varied from one compost to another and with the amount of compost added, except for the shrimp/peat compost. With this latter compost, independent of the amount, MOP values remained similar and were significantly higher than those obtained with other composts. Amendment with most of the tested nitrogen salts led to similar improvements in methanotrophic activity, except for urea. MOP with NPK fertilizer addition was amongst the highest in this study; the minimum value obtained with NPK (20-0-20) suggested the importance of P for methanotrophs. MOP generally increased with temperature, and nutrient limitation became less important at higher temperatures. Overall, at each of the three temperatures tested, MOP with NPK fertilizer amendments provided the best results and was comparable to those observed with the addition of the shrimp/peat compost. The results of this study provide the first evidence of the following: (1) compost addition to improve methanotrophic activity in a landfill cover soil should consider the amount and type of compost used and (2) the importance of using NPK fertilizers rather than nitrogen salts, in enhancing this activity, primarily at low temperatures. One can also consider the potential beneficial impact of adding these elements to enhance plant growth, which is an advantage for MOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to the cochlea requires drilling in close proximity to bone-embedded nerves, blood vessels, and other structures, the violation of which can result in complications for the patient. It has recently been shown that microstereotactic frames can enable an image-guided percutaneous approach, removing reliance on human experience and hand–eye coordination, and reducing trauma. However, constructing current microstereotactic frames disrupts the clinical workflow, requiring multiday intrasurgical manufacturing delays, or an on-call machine shop in or near the hospital. In this paper, we describe a new kind of microsterotactic frame that obviates these delay and infrastructure issues by being repositionable. Inspired by the prior success of bone-attached parallel robots in knee and spinal procedures, we present an automated image-guided microstereotactic frame. Experiments demonstrate a mean accuracy at the cochlea of 0.20 \pm 0.07 mm in phantom testing with trajectories taken from a human clinical dataset. We also describe a cadaver experiment evaluating the entire image-guided surgery pipeline, where we achieved an accuracy of 0.38 mm at the cochlea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Glaucoma is the second most common cause of world blindness (following cataract) with estimated cases reaching 79.6 million by 2020. Although the etiology of glaucoma is multi-factorial, intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable factor in glaucoma management proven to alter the natural course of the disease. Among various classes of IOP-lowering medications currently available, alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists are used either as monotherapy, as second-line therapy, or in fixed combination with beta-blockers. Non-selective adrenergic agonists such as epinephrine and dipivefrin are infrequently used today for the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, and have been replaced by the alpha-2-selective agonists. The use of apraclonidine for IOP reduction in glaucoma or OHT is limited due to a high rate of follicular conjunctivitis. The alpha-2-selective agonist in use today is brimonidine. The brimonidine–purite formulations are preferred to brimonidine–benzalkonium chloride (BAC) formulations due better tolerability while maintaining similar efficacy. Brimonidine is also effective when used in combination with a beta-blocker. Using brimonidine–timolol fixed combination (BTFC) as first-line therapy has an added potential for neuroprotection. This would be a valuable strategy for glaucoma treatment, for patients who are intolerant of prostaglandin analogs, or for patients where prostaglandin analogues are contraindicated as first-line therapy, such as in patients with inflammatory glaucoma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Inversion polymorphisms have been linked to a variety of fundamental biological and evolutionary processes. Yet few studies have used large-scale genomic sequencing to directly compare the haplotypes associated with the standard and inverted chromosome arrangements. Here we describe the targeted genomic sequencing and comparison of haplotypes representing alternative arrangements of a common inversion polymorphism linked to a suite of phenotypes in the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). More than 7.4 Mb of genomic sequence was generated and assembled from both the standard (ZAL2) and inverted (ZAL2m) arrangements. Sequencing of a pair of inversion breakpoints led to the identification of a ZAL2-specific segmental duplication, as well as evidence of breakpoint reusage. Comparison of the haplotype-based sequence assemblies revealed low genetic differentiation outside versus inside the inversion indicative of historical patterns of gene flow and suppressed recombination between ZAL2 and ZAL2m. Finally, despite ZAL2m being maintained in a near constant state of heterozygosity, no signatures of genetic degeneration were detected on this chromosome. Overall, these results provide important insights into the genomic attributes of an inversion polymorphism linked to mate choice and variation in social behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Tn916 and similar elements are very common in clinical enterococcal isolates, and are responsible for transmission of a variety of resistance determinants. It is commonly assumed that clinical strains carrying Tn916 have a single copy, although the actual number of copies in clinical isolates has never been systematically studied. We report a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecium in which three distinct and excision-proficient copies of Tn916-like elements are present in the genome. All of the elements contain tet(M) genes, at least one of which confers resistance to tetracycline and minocycline. Two elements (Tn6085a, Tn6085b) are indistinguishable, containing an inserted 2758bp Group II intron at the start of open reading frame Tn916ORF_06. The third (Tn6084) also contains the intron, but also has an ISEfa11 integrated upstream of tet(M). All three copies are able to excise from plasmid vectors when cloned in E. coli, and at least two of the elements can transfer to an E. faecium recipient strain. These data indicate that nearly identical Tn916-like elements encoding Tet(M)-mediated tetracycline/minocycline resistance can coexist in clinical E. faecium isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the existence of schism and economic downturn in St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania. It examines the impact of the schism and the economic downturn on the church as well as the steps being carried out for the church's recovery and the theological imperative. It notes that the church continues to be a large parish with more than 1,300 baptized members despite the economic decline.

Abstract: Zeolite crystals coated on mesoporous glass materials with hierarchical tri-modal pore size distributions have been successfully prepared and characterized. Starting glass monoliths, having regular meso- and macro-pores, were partly re-constructed into zeolite material, thus introducing additional microporosity via the growth of these zeolite crystals. Hierarchical 3D porous glass scaffolds were prepared by a combination of sol–gel, double polymer templating, and rapid prototyping (RP) techniques. Structured zeolitic catalytic materials were produced by conventional self-assembly of template cations and silica species on the glass surface. Zeolite crystals are therefore in an intimate contact with the glass support, featuring micropores in addition to the mesopores. A higher catalytic performance and selectivity toward low alkenes were achieved in n-hexane cracking reaction over these zeolite/glass composites in comparison with purely microporous zeolite materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a pleomorphic spindle cell lesion of the skin; it is considered in the differential diagnosis with spindle cell malignant melanoma (MM) and sarcomatoid carcinoma/spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An optimum approach has yet to fully emerge with respect to the immunohistochemical discrimination of these lesions. Methods: Departmental archives from 1978 onwards were searched for clinicopathologically confirmed cases of AFX, MM and SCC. Immunostains for CD10, CD99 and p63 were performed in each case. Scored staining results were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test. Results: Twenty-seven of 31 cases of AFX were positive for CD10, as compared with 3 of 22 SCCs and 0 of 20 MMs. CD10 positivity was preferentially associated with the diagnosis of AFX (p < 0.001). p63 reactivity was observed in 15/22 cases of SCCs, 5/31 AFXs and 1/20 MMs. CD99 reactivity was observed in 3/31 cases of AFX, 2/22 SCCs and 3/20 MMs. Conclusion: CD10 positivity is relatively specific in this context for the diagnosis of AFX. Its utility is enhanced when only strong, diffuse membranocytoplasmic staining is considered as a positive result. In contrast to prior reports, p63 was not found to be highly sensitive for SCC. Similarly, CD99 showed no preferential staining of any single diagnostic group of lesions. Kanner WA, Brill LB, Patterson JW, Wick MR. CD10, p63 and CD99 expression in the differential diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma, spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma and desmoplastic melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A closed case-file review of 211 sexual homicides identified 16 cases of necrophilia. The results of this unique descriptive study of necrophilia associated with sexual homicide provide information on crime-scene locations, methods of killing, body disposition, premortem sexual assault, specifics of the necrophilic acts, methods of victim abduction, and motivational dynamics. The findings suggest that the most common explanation for necrophilia—the offender’s desire to have an unresisting partner—may not always be applicable in cases where this rare paraphilia is connected to sexual murder. The possibility of using crime-scene behaviors in these cases to investigate serial sexual murders is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nickel was introduced in ZSM-5 zeolite by two different methods: dry impregnation and ionic exchange. Different loadings of metal, ranging from 0.4 to 6wt% were explored. These materials were thoroughly characterized by EXAFS, TPR, acidity measurements by H/D isotope exchange and ethane hydrogenolysis. Regardless of the metal introduction method, at 0.4wt% Ni, the Ni-ZSM-5 catalysts present only nickel located inside the zeolite channels as compensation cations. In contrast, an increase to 1wt% nickel (via impregnation) led to its presence both inside and outside the channels. The catalytic activity of these Ni-ZSM-5 zeolites was tested in n-hexane cracking. Depending on the way the metal was introduced, it was possible to modify the n-hexane cracking activity and the selectivity toward light alkenes. Hence, a proper design of metal and acid sites could be achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Both malignancy and granulomatous diseases may be diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Sarcoidal reactions may be seen in the presence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Demonstration of granulomas by lymph node EBUS-TBNA in the staging of NSCLC is of uncertain significance. Aims: To determine the frequency of sarcoidal reactions in lymph nodes of patients with NSCLC. To report the frequency of co-involvement of sarcoidal reactions with metastatic NSCLC in regional lymph nodes. Methods: We prospectively examined 50 consecutive patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA for staging of suspected or confirmed NSCLC. We also performed a retrospective chart review of 187 patients undergoing lobectomy or mediastinoscopy for NSCLC. Results: EBUS-TBNA revealed non-necrotising granulomas in one patient, and in 45 patients it revealed metastatic primary lung malignancy. Surgical lymph node sampling was performed in 187 patients undergoing treatment for, or staging of, NSCLC. Sarcoidal reactions were seen in regional lymph nodes of eight (4.3%) of patients, with all lymph nodes free of metastatic NSCLC (pathologic Stage I) (p =0.02). Four of these patients were pre-operatively assessed as Stage III (cN2/3). None had a prior history of sarcoidosis or other granulomatous diseases. All eight patients remain alive and recurrence-free. Conclusions: Sarcoidal reactions are seen in 4.3% of all patients with NSCLC. Metastatic involvement by NSCLC is not seen in lymph nodes exhibiting sarcoidal granulomatous reactions. Non-necrotising granulomas revealed by EBUS-TBNA of lymph nodes during staging of NSCLC should serve to indicate the absence of lymph node metastases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The continued evolution of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital and more recently in the community threatens to seriously compromise our ability to treat serious infections. The major success of the seven-valent Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine at reducing both infection and resistance has been followed by the emergence of previously minor serotypes that express multiresistance. The almost universal activity of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones against community Escherichia coli strains has been compromised by the spread of CTX-M β-lactamase-producing, fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, and the emergence of community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, particularly in the United States, has forced us to re-think our empirical treatment guidelines for skin and soft-tissue infections. Finally, our most potent and reliable class of antibiotics, the carbapenems, is compromised by the growth, primarily in intensive care units, of multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanni, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lack of a robust pipeline of new agents, particularly against resistant Gram-negative bacteria, emphasizes the importance of optimizing our use of current antimicrobials and promoting strict adherence to established infection control practices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]