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The role of local administrations in managing migration is crucial to ensuring dignified reception, effective integration, and the protection of the human rights of migrants. Local administrations must adopt policies and strategies that promote equality, social justice, and respect for cultural diversity. To achieve this, it is essential that local administrations have the necessary resources, as well as the support and collaboration of national and international governments. Additionally, it is vital to encourage the active participation of civil society and the general public in migration management so that it is based on the principles of solidarity and justice. Migration management should be understood as an opportunity to build fairer, more inclusive, and cohesive societies, where all people, regardless of their origin, can live with dignity and contribute to common development. Local administrations, with their proximity to the daily realities of communities, are in a privileged position to lead this process and make migration a source of wealth and diversity for all [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of poverty has been seen in every period of world history. I. and II. Crises such as the World Wars, the 1929 Great Depression, the 1970 Oil Crisis, the 2008 Mortgage Crisis and 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic have been experienced in our world. Countries have abandoned welfare state policies and started to implement neo-liberal policies, especially after the 1980s. The phenomenon of poverty has become more visible in countries experiencing processes such as wage inequality and unemployment due to neo-liberal policies, crises, globalization, and rapid technological developments. Poverty, which is the main problem of developing countries today, has also created a problem in developed countries. In democratic regimes, local governments, as well as central governments, also provide public services. The structure and nature of local governments differ from country to country. Local government organizations come to the fore especially in social services and social transfers, as they are the closest to the public. Content analysis was conducted on the strategic plans (2020-2024) and budget realizations of the activities (2021-2022) of Antalya, Muğla, Van, and Hatay Metropolitan Municipalities, which were selected by purposeful sampling from metropolitan municipalities, which are local government units. Themes and concepts were coded, and a code list was created. It has been argued that metropolitan municipalities, which are important actors of local governments, undertake important tasks in the fight against poverty and social transfers, transferring resources, making legislation, and cooperating with the central government and other actors. It has been observed that these four selected metropolitan municipalities manage the processes and implement exemplary and different practices. There have been examples where holistic approaches are exhibited in order to transform poverty. Within the scope of the struggle against poverty, the place of local governments is to transfer resources and cooperate in the fight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipalities, the closest local government units to the public, have had to improve their management and service provision to respond to the changing and diversifying human needs in today's accelerated technology. The municipalities, whose content and service activities have been recreated, have sought to provide better and faster service to their citizens by adopting technological developments that have become a culture. The study is important in determining whether municipalities are trying to implement technological developments in service delivery. This study examined the use of technological tools and equipment in the service delivery process of Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality. The study, in which the qualitative research method was used, was conducted with the senior managers of Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed in the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program. Result of the analysis shows that Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality has created the "Address Tracking System" where all the building and apartment doors within the municipality borders are tracked. In addition, the municipality has implemented the "Smart Detection System" project, which is the first in Turkey. Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality has integrated systems that will keep up with the developing technology of the era, such as the "Smart Detection System", which detects the potholes and problems encountered by public transportation vehicles on the route and transmits them to the relevant unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first years of the Republic of Turkey was a process when, on one hand, revolutions based on social transformations were carried out and, on the other hand, administrative regulations based on institutional transformations were introduced. Atatürk went on a nationwide tour in the years 1930-1931 in order to see on site to what extent central government policies are realized and listen to the citizens. This study discusses the report prepared by the Ministry of Interior as required by the notes taken by Atatürk during his nationwide tour. The report prepared by the Ministry of Interior involves quite significant data concerning many issues such as the reconsideration of the administrative division of Turkey, authorities of governors, land reform in Turkey, statistical data regarding the transition of the nomads into settled life, functioning of the local authorities and public investigators. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature by revealing the administrative structure and demographic characteristics of the period, administrative issues, and alternative solutions on the basis of the information supplied by this report which was prepared by the highest authorities of the period and presented to Prime Ministry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current government in the Republican period is the CHP with a single party administration; It considers village and town as separate essential issues due to internal and external developments. To reveal this dilemma, the boundaries considered "village" and "town" are defined. Also, the concepts of 'rural,' 'center,' 'local' or 'local' used throughout the discussion are questioned, and in the transfer here, 'Kocaeli' is taken as reference. The main factor that serves to differentiate the village and town space; Different laws have been applied in the two places' administration. Therefore, the town and village studies conducted by the provincial administrative organization and local administrations differ. In the light of all this information, the institutions that public buildings of the town centers related from the project design to the constructions phase are determined. On the other hand, when discussing provincial organizations' construction services and local administrations during the Single Party period, in an another study, it is necessary to mention the CHP Request System, an application-specific to this period. This system's contribution to the services expected from the administrators of the whole province, including village and subdistrict centers, and the activities of local administrations and provincial organizations regarding the town is excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic planning- an application of the 'new public management', which is brought forward by the neoliberal economics on the basis of its private sector applications, and which has also been legally implemented in public bodies in Turkey since 2006-faces some organizational and cultural problems in these organizations, which manifests bureaucratic culture. This problematic (fact) is tested within the scope of the Provincial Special Administration of Bursa Province (BİÖİ) of Turkey, which is chosen as the purposive sample, through a qualitative research. The research also attempts to put forth the results of the strategic plans that were implemented by BİÖİ in two periods within ten years up to a certain extent. In the research, organizations are chosen as unit of analysis, and administrators or representatives as observational unit. The basic data on the study are collected through 42 semi-structured interviews with 23 organizations from public and private sector, professional associations, universities and specialized agencies, and 3 representatives of political parties, which are selected via stratified sampling method. The findings of the research focus on to what extent and in what direction elements and factors of organizational culture, such as peripheral factors that determine effectiveness, organizational structure, participation, transparence, accountability, performance evaluation, flexibility, human resource management, open communication, feedback, focusing on outcomes and strategies, being a learning organization, clarification of path of organization, consumer-centered perspective, quest for optimum, being directed towards action, saving and efficiency, and giving more importance to tracking and evaluation influence realization of public benefit, which is what is expected from strategic planning. It can be stated that the main claim of this study is emphasizing that making and implementing an active and effective strategic planning in local administrations depends on a strong organizational culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkish public administration has undergone various institutional changes and transformations in the historical process. In Turkey, urbanization factor has affected social life to a great extent. Urbanization has been the determining factor in the change of Turkish public administration in the administrative, economic and technological developments. The most considerable change occurred after the founding of the Republic is switching to the Presidential System. In the public opinion, the current system is referred to as the Turkish-Type Presidential System or the Presidential System. Regardless of the name, the system has undoubtedly affected all institutions of the Turkish public administration. The new system in which the President is active has required public institutions to renew their memory and experiences. The new system has also significantly affected the relations between existing central and local governments. The authority in the relations between the central administration and local administrations is given to the Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. New institutions were established in the organization of these Ministries, and the distribution of authority and duties in provincial organizations were renewed. For example, the responsibility of YİKOB has been increased in local services. Some of the services provided by the governorship were transferred to the provincial organization of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. In this study, new institutions emerging in the relations between central government and local government within the framework of the new system will be examined. The current situation analysis for the change will be made available to the interested parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Westernization manoeuvres, which began in the later periods of the Ottoman State, did not stay limited to military, but also brought many social and economic regulations. Many public services which previously carried out by waqfs came under the control of state. As in European countries, many new institutions emerged for fulfilling the needs of general public in the Ottoman State too. Şehremaneti, which was founded in 1855, in order to deliver solution to the problem of sanitation and lighting of İstanbul, led the way for municipal organization. With the Vilayet Nizamnamesi introduced in 1864, municipal administrations were established in important centers of the provinces. The subject of this study was the Journal of Belediyeler, which was published by the Belediyeler Bankası (Bank of Municipalities) between the years of 1935 and 1942. The Journal of Belediyeler, with Naci Kıcıman as executive editor and Alaettin Cemil Topçubaşı as chief editör, published 81 issues and became a pioneer for publications on municipal work in Turkey. The Journal informed local administrators in Turkey on developments of municipal work in the world and tried to give information on Turkish Republic's stance on municipal administration and to establish a modern mentality for municipal work. The Journal included articles on municipal works; legislative regulations; public construction activities of municipalities; mayors and municipal council members; problems, investment opportunities, historical and touristic value of cities which had municipal administrations; speech texts of statesmen; language and history. Photographs of mayors, municipal council members and activities of municipalities were also published. The aim of this study was to introduce the Journal of Belediyeler, which was an important source for activities of local administrations and for mentality of municipal work between the years of 1935 and 1942, and to give information on its content, to draw attention to the importance of information, documents and photographs appeared in the Journal to the local history studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methods used to evaluate the transparency of local administrations present notable differences that are influenced by national legislation and administrative characteristics. Consequently, it is difficult to formulate a valid international procedure to obtain a global picture. We have conducted a comparative analysis of the procedure developed by Transparency and Integrity in Portugal with that designed by the Laboratory of Journalism and Communication for Plural Citizenry in Spain. The results reveal that the approaches, maintained in various disciplines, exhibit notable but complementary differences. In the conclusions we propose new elements to design a method based on a syntax of transparency and order of fundamental elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ombudsman, expressed as Public supervisorship, in the first time it has been implemented in Sweden. It is believed that during the presentation of public services, some bureaucratic actions, they are supervised and they require a structure such as ombudsman institution which will carry out this inspection. The Ombudsman Institution has begun to appear in many countries over time in order to enable its citizens to feel safe against the arbitrary practices of the administration in line with the principles of independence and impartiality. In the Turkey with number of 6328 "Ombudsman Act" the Ombudsman was established years of 2012 and has been turned into a constitutional institution with Article 74 of the 1982 Constitution. The Ombudsman's Institution is an institution that is responsible for examining the operation of the administration and all its actions, actions, attitudes and behaviors on complaints and offers recommendations to the administration as a result of these investigations. When the activity reports of the Ombudsman's Institution are examined, it is seen that the complaints about the local administrations are classified separately from other complaints. Therewithal, local administrations constitute a significant part of the complaints received from this institution. In this study, the complaints, which are included in the said reports and concluded with respect to Local Administrations, were tabulated and the necessity of local ombudsman was discussed through the results obtained from the examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local governments play an important role both at the point of being the first step of the democratic steps and at the point where people can participate in administration at first hand. In transferring basic public services, local governments are the first authority and intermediary institution for the preferences and requests of public demands from central government. The aim of this study is to analyse the recent reforms on local administrations by examining the sample of municipalities in the universe of local administrations and to indicate the reflection of these reforms on the municipal framework. In the study, the historical and historical development of the municipal institution in our country is examined and the phases of municipalism since the first years of the Republic are briefly reviewed. In this framework, some practical problems brought about by small-scale municipalities are emphasized and the flexibility that the Metropolitan Municipality Law and the Municipal Act introduced in 2004 and how such flexibility eased the operation of institutions are discussed. Since the enactment of the Metropolitan Municipality Law and the Municipal Act in 2004, although expanding their regional borders, the number of municipalities has decreased dropping from 3225 to 1395 in ten years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provisional Law for the General Administration of the Provinces (İdâre-i Umûmiye-i Vilâyât Kanûn-ı Muvakkatı) which was issued in the Ottoman State on March 26, 1913, reorganized the provincial administration. On the one hand, the powers of the local government bodies have been expanded, while on the other hand, special provincial administrations have been established in the provinces within the framework of the decentralized administrative principle. As an organ of the special provincial administration, the provincial general assemblies could now determine the annual provincial budgets. Expenses of the province would be covered by the incomes which would be collected in accordance with the budget. The provincial budgets which were started to be prepared as of 1913; offers remarkable information about the economic status, organizational structures, institutions and duties of the provinces. The Hudavendigar province's 1914 annual special provincial budget was prepared as an equivalent budget with an income of 16,728,000 kuruş and the same amount of expenditures. Apart from some tax revenues left by the central government to the provinces, the Hudavendigar province had various sources of income. On the other hand, expenses which formed big costs like wages of the civil servants, travel allowances, stationery, purchasing of tools and instruments, lighting, heating, equipments, repair, institutional expenses like rent and construction; construction, repair and estimation costs of roads and bridges also constituted the expenditure items of the budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local administrations are the institutions which meet the local needs in the location. Local administrations are linked to democracy in terms of the participations in local decision-making processes. In this sense, the existence of democratic is dependent upon the access to local participation. Today, methods of local participation are divided into two categories as means of traditional and new participation. For this reason, classical and new methods of participation need to be evaluated in detail. The process of democratisation in local administrations and the axe of globalisation and localisation both require a detailed examination on participation with an expectation of important roles of new methods and tools for local participation. Within this context, this paper aims to evaluate and highlight the importance of means for local participation in the process of democratisation in local administrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies are made by official and unofficial (civil) actors. In this context, as there are central and local agencies in operation of public administration, public policy making is also performed by central and local governments. Generally, while policies made by government offices in power are regarded as the central public policies, the decisions made by local authorities established in the area where local people reside and receive local services are regarded as local public policies. Due to the growth of central governments and developments in the world, central governments decentralized many services to local governments. In this sense, particularly, governance and participation in service providing and local public policy making have become crucial. With the application of governance, it has been experienced a transformation from the governmental policy making model to the governance model, so there has been an increase in participation and democracy in local policy making processes. In this study, firstly, making public policy and local public policies, their actors and this process are discussed from a theoretichal perspective. Then the results of a survey conducted on the importance and application of the principle of governance and participation in local policy making in Isparta are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies are made by official and unofficial (civil) actors. In this context, as there are central and local agencies in operation of public administration, public policy making is also performed by central and local governments. Generally, while policies made by government offices in power are regarded as the central public policies, the decisions made by local authorities established in the area where local people reside and receive local services are regarded as local public policies. Due to the growth of central governments and developments in the world, central governments decentralized many services to local governments. In this sense, particularly, governance and participation in service providing and local public policy making have become crucial. With the application of governance, it has been experienced a transformation from the governmental policy making model to the governance model, so there has been an increase in participation and democracy in local policy making processes. In this study, firstly, making public policy and local public policies, their actors and this process are discussed from a theoretichal perspective. Then the results of a survey conducted on the importance and application of the principle of governance and participation in local policy making in Isparta are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

France undergoes a decentralization process since the early 1980s. French local administrations experienced significant transformations during this process, embracing three action periods. The decentralization acts enacted in 1982 mark disengagement with administrative uniformity. The second period of decentralization starting the first years of 2000s witnessed important constitutional modifications. Regional administrations gained Constitutional recognition, local referendum has been established, the amendments concerning right to petition, experimentation, local finance and local autonomy has been passed. The third phase of decentralization started since 2010s. The reorganization of metropolitan governance, the transfer of competence to inter-communal cooperation structures concerning urban planification, roles assigned to regions in economic development and employment (economical issues, apprenticeship, European aides and aides destined to private sector), territorial solidarity and reinforcement of democracy were the main themes of this phase. The present article tries to analyze the foremost futures of French decentralization and to underline the main discussions emerged during the ongoing third phase of decentralization process concerning future of departments, regional administration and newly created metropolitan cities. In the last part of the article, the probable influences of French reforms on Turkey are discussed taking into account that Turkey has taken this country as a model in its administrative organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies are made by official and unofficial (civil) actors. In this context, as there are central and local agencies in operation of public administration, public policy making is also performed by central and local governments. Generally, while policies made by government offices in power are regarded as the central public policies, the decisions made by local authorities established in the area where local people reside and receive local services are regarded as local public policies. Due to the growth of central governments and developments in the world, central governments decentralized many services to local governments. In this sense, particularly, governance and participation in service providing and local public policy making have become crucial. With the application of governance, it has been experienced a transformation from the governmental policy making model to the governance model, so there has been an increase in participation and democracy in local policy making processes. In this study, firstly, making public policy and local public policies, their actors and this process are discussed from a theoretichal perspective. Then the results of a survey conducted on the importance and application of the principle of governance and participation in local policy making in Isparta are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of globalization in the late 20th century, the nation states begin to decline and the cities become more visible in the global scene. To participate in the global market, governments promote city branding in global and local competition; therefore, local values are seen as the input of this competition. Therefore, the values which are "local" and what make a city "the city" began to be emphasized; or, to be produced. Beginning from the 1990's, all over the world, the city museums emerge with this motivation. In Turkey, city museums began to show up at the beginning of 2000s, but the foundations of that initiative laid in 1990s. With the effect of globalization, throughout the world the localism gains more importance and it affected the historic preservation approaches. In Turkey the atmosphere of the 1990s led the establishment of non-governmental organizations, aiming to develop historical consciousness in society, preserve the local historical and cultural values. But I may claim the basic motivation is the local administrations; to establish a city museum defined as one of the missions of the municipalities, which led the city museums become widespread in Turkey. Up to now, 50 city museums are established and 60 are proceeding in different cities and towns in Turkey. In this article 50 museums were studied as an inventory and the commonalities and different features of the museums are reviewed. This inventory is composed of the discourse of the museums, official discourse of local administration, works of non-governmental organizations and academic research. Among these discourses the relation between the local preservation in Turkey and the city museums is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a study on "conducting evaluations of local administrations in Turkey and making recommendations concerning their taxing power, with particular attention to economic efficiency" is presented. The study draws on international literature and experience gathered from practice. Various approaches related to issue of taxing power, especially that of OECD classification framework which is based on an in depth analysis of different country administrative structures, are examined. It is observed that taxation authority is conferred on the central government by the Main Constitution of Turkey, and the central government has also to provide sufficient resources to local administrations conducive to their responsibilities. In addition, it is stated that the legislative body can make arrangements to assign related authority to local administrations if needed. Emphasis is placed on the inefficiency in collecting taxes from tax resources and allocating tax revenues, as one of the major reasons behind the funding deficiency of local administrations. Furthermore, it is argued that delegating taxation authority to local administrations is unlikely to solve such basic problems. In this scope, various recommendations are made with respect to actions needed to be taken by both the central government and local administrations in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the topic of this study in general, consists of western reforms and various new practices performed by Ottoman State after Tanzimat, in particular, it consists of some tax policies implemented to correct the disrupted financial system of the state before Tanzimat period and regain the loss of power in periphery, and also consists of the early contemporary local administrations, emerged in the late times of Ottoman State to be able to deliver urban services and infrastructures as in the western cities. In this sense, in the study, by explaining the first formation of muhassil, the first establishment of Istanbul municapility and emerging of provincial special administrations after Tanzimat, it has been tried to shed light on the matter by analysing the start of forming local administrations in western style, the aims of their formation and their relations with the tax policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounds of the Study: Under the logic of capital accumulation process; poverty has been aggravating day by day in the world-wide with deepening problems of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged sections of the society, and nowadays with mostly influencing the urban population. Urban poverty demonstrated itself with %8.86 in Turkey (TUIK, 2009). At the study, urban poverty and urban poverty alleviation have been searched from the socio-economic and political restructuring process from 1980s onwards. Since 1980s, global planet has been under the influence of neo-liberal discourses. New political agenda reflected itself with the policies supporting capital, new order has been settling on decentralization, localization, governance, privatization, elimination of global trade boarders, and alleviation of social security network. In this respect, within the framework of re-scaling and re-structuring of state; state transfers power to global scale (multinational organizations and institutions) and local scale (local administrations).That process leads to change at state's intervention to urban fields and local administrations come to the front side as the pivot actors at combating poverty. Purpose of the Study: That paper's first objective is highlighting the emergence of local administrations at combating poverty within the socio-economic transformation of world order under capitalist formation within the re-scaling of state process. The second target at the research paper is to set forth the aggravating trend on urban poverty, and demonstrating the intersection points with the critical role and responsibilities of local administrations on that framework. Lastly, the current condition of local administrations in Turkey, at poverty alleviation process is analyzed firstly with the evaluation of institutional responsibilities by the previous and newly enacted local laws, secondly budget proportions have been analyzed by the help of 'current transfer expenditures' budget item; finally, technical staff capacity building issue concerns which have a key role at the success of poverty alleviation are evaluated. In that context, relative strengths and weaknesses of local authorities on poverty struggle have discussed, some solution proposals have been given on that dimension. Method: Within the context of the study, literature review has been made concerning poverty and urban poverty; and international institutions reports that highlighting the functions and responsibilities of local administrations at combating poverty and legal framework at national level have been deeply searched. Main Discussion and Conclusions: That study's main assumption has been shaped around that hypothesis, "while at the new political order, decentralization argument let to the attribution of lots of roles and responsibilities to the local administrations, recently, it is seen that local administrations can produce effective poverty alleviation policies only with coordinated and integrated central government upperhand policies; because local administrations cannot take the necessary financial, administrative and human resource power transition that is in harmony and sufficient with their local responsibilities. Consequently, local administrations have no needed financial and technical capacity for being remedy at urban poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public relations is perceived an administrative function by the contemporary municipalities and its significance has been felt increasingly day by day thanks to the advanced media environment. Radio and television have a decisive function in the strategies of public relations because of their advantages. Local administrations where public relations are perceived and implemented as "relations with media" benefit from radio and television significantly. Diversification in the media environment in the region specifies the form and effective area of the practices in public relations. The relations which are mostly developing in the direction of "attraction of attention of media" and "development of relations with media" are proceeding irregularly. Despite that, municipalities which has social, cultural and economic duties endeavor to get support from the media, primarily radio and television on the subjects of "delivering its messages to public", "introducing of its services" and "molding public opinion". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an open letter to the Turkish Minister of Culture and Tourism on professional concerns about the transfer of public libraries to local administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]